在 python3.6 中导入 caffe 时，rrule.py 中出现无效语法错误
Invalid syntax error in rrule.py when importing caffe in python3.6
我成功地构建了 Caffe 和 Pycaffe，但是，有些错误我自己无法解决。
在 python 中导入 caffe 时出现此错误：
Python 3.6.4 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Jan 16 2018, 18:10:19)
[GCC 7.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import caffe
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/media/breeze/tmpstore/caffe-master/python/caffe/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
from .pycaffe import Net, SGDSolver, NesterovSolver, AdaGradSolver, RMSPropSolver, AdaDeltaSolver, AdamSolver, NCCL, Timer
File "/media/breeze/tmpstore/caffe-master/python/caffe/pycaffe.py", line 15, in <module>
import caffe.io
File "/media/breeze/tmpstore/caffe-master/python/caffe/io.py", line 2, in <module>
import skimage.io
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skimage/io/__init__.py", line 15, in <module>
reset_plugins()
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skimage/io/manage_plugins.py", line 93, in reset_plugins
_load_preferred_plugins()
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skimage/io/manage_plugins.py", line 73, in _load_preferred_plugins
_set_plugin(p_type, preferred_plugins['all'])
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skimage/io/manage_plugins.py", line 85, in _set_plugin
use_plugin(plugin, kind=plugin_type)
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skimage/io/manage_plugins.py", line 255, in use_plugin
_load(name)
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skimage/io/manage_plugins.py", line 299, in _load
fromlist=[modname])
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skimage/io/_plugins/matplotlib_plugin.py", line 3, in <module>
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 40, in <module>
from matplotlib.figure import Figure, figaspect
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 39, in <module>
from matplotlib.axes import Axes, SubplotBase, subplot_class_factory
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/__init__.py", line 4, in <module>
from ._subplots import *
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_subplots.py", line 10, in <module>
from matplotlib.axes._axes import Axes
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_axes.py", line 23, in <module>
import matplotlib.dates as _ # <-registers a date unit converter
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/dates.py", line 148, in <module>
from dateutil.rrule import (rrule, MO, TU, WE, TH, FR, SA, SU, YEARLY,
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/dateutil/rrule.py", line 55
raise ValueError, "Can't create weekday with n == 0"
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
作为记录，这里是我用来构建 Caffe 的 Make.config 文件内容：
## Refer to http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/installation.html
# Contributions simplifying and improving our build system are welcome!
# cuDNN acceleration switch (uncomment to build with cuDNN).
USE_CUDNN := 1
# CPU-only switch (uncomment to build without GPU support).
# CPU_ONLY := 1
# uncomment to disable IO dependencies and corresponding data layers
# USE_OPENCV := 0
# USE_LEVELDB := 0
# USE_LMDB := 0
# uncomment to allow MDB_NOLOCK when reading LMDB files (only if necessary)
# You should not set this flag if you will be reading LMDBs with any
# possibility of simultaneous read and write
# ALLOW_LMDB_NOLOCK := 1
# Uncomment if you're using OpenCV 3
OPENCV_VERSION := 3
# To customize your choice of compiler, uncomment and set the following.
# N.B. the default for Linux is g++ and the default for OSX is clang++
# CUSTOM_CXX := g++
# CUDA directory contains bin/ and lib/ directories that we need.
CUDA_DIR := /usr/local/cuda
# On Ubuntu 14.04, if cuda tools are installed via
# "sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit" then use this instead:
# CUDA_DIR := /usr
# CUDA architecture setting: going with all of them.
# For CUDA < 6.0, comment the *_50 through *_61 lines for compatibility.
# For CUDA < 8.0, comment the *_60 and *_61 lines for compatibility.
# For CUDA >= 9.0, comment the *_20 and *_21 lines for compatibility.
CUDA_ARCH := -gencode arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 \
-gencode arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 \
-gencode arch=compute_50,code=sm_50 \
-gencode arch=compute_52,code=sm_52 \
-gencode arch=compute_60,code=sm_60 \
-gencode arch=compute_61,code=sm_61 \
-gencode arch=compute_61,code=compute_61
# BLAS choice:
# atlas for ATLAS (default)
# mkl for MKL
# open for OpenBlas
BLAS := atlas
# Custom (MKL/ATLAS/OpenBLAS) include and lib directories.
# Leave commented to accept the defaults for your choice of BLAS
# (which should work)!
# BLAS_INCLUDE := /path/to/your/blas
# BLAS_LIB := /path/to/your/blas
# Homebrew puts openblas in a directory that is not on the standard search path
# BLAS_INCLUDE := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/include
# BLAS_LIB := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/lib
# This is required only if you will compile the matlab interface.
# MATLAB directory should contain the mex binary in /bin.
# MATLAB_DIR := /usr/local
# MATLAB_DIR := /Applications/MATLAB_R2012b.app
# NOTE: this is required only if you will compile the python interface.
# We need to be able to find Python.h and numpy/arrayobject.h.
#PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7 \
# /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include
# Anaconda Python distribution is quite popular. Include path:
# Verify anaconda location, sometimes it's in root.
ANACONDA_HOME := $(HOME)/anaconda3
PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include \
$(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python3.6m \
$(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/core/include
# Uncomment to use Python 3 (default is Python 2)
# Changed boost_python3 to boost_python-py35, andpython3.5m to python3.6m
# this is to resolve the : _caffe.so: undefined symbol: _ZN5boost6python6detail11init_moduleER11PyModuleDefPFvvE error
# ocurring when importing caffe
PYTHON_LIBRARIES := boost_python-py35 python3.6m
# PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python3.5m \
# /usr/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/numpy/core/include
# We need to be able to find libpythonX.X.so or .dylib.
#PYTHON_LIB := /usr/lib
PYTHON_LIB := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib
# for solving lib/libpng16.so.16: undefined reference to `inflateValidate@ZLIB_1.2.9'
LINKFLAGS := -Wl,-rpath,$(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib
# Homebrew installs numpy in a non standard path (keg only)
# PYTHON_INCLUDE += $(dir $(shell python -c 'import numpy.core; print(numpy.core.__file__)'))/include
# PYTHON_LIB += $(shell brew --prefix numpy)/lib
# Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs)
WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1
# Whatever else you find you need goes here.
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib
# If Homebrew is installed at a non standard location (for example your home directory) and you use it for general dependencies
# INCLUDE_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/include
# LIBRARY_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/lib
# NCCL acceleration switch (uncomment to build with NCCL)
# https://github.com/NVIDIA/nccl (last tested version: v1.2.3-1+cuda8.0)
# USE_NCCL := 1
# Uncomment to use `pkg-config` to specify OpenCV library paths.
# (Usually not necessary -- OpenCV libraries are normally installed in one of the above $LIBRARY_DIRS.)
# USE_PKG_CONFIG := 1
# N.B. both build and distribute dirs are cleared on `make clean`
BUILD_DIR := build
DISTRIBUTE_DIR := distribute
# Uncomment for debugging. Does not work on OSX due to https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/171
# DEBUG := 1
# The ID of the GPU that 'make runtest' will use to run unit tests.
TEST_GPUID := 0
# enable pretty build (comment to see full commands)
Q ?= @
如您所见，我正在使用 Anaconda3 (python3.6)，这是我添加到 bashrc 的内容：
export PATH=/home/breeze/anaconda3/bin:$PATH
export PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}
export PYTHONPATH=/media/breeze/tmpstore/caffe-master/python:$PYTHONPATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/media/breeze/tmpstore/caffe-master/distribute/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
这里发生了什么？错误消息根本没有任何意义！
File
"/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/dateutil/rrule.py",
line 55
raise ValueError, "Can't create weekday with n == 0"
^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax
从错误中，您了解到您需要更新 dateutil 库。
pip install python-dateutil --upgrade
我成功地构建了 Caffe 和 Pycaffe，但是，有些错误我自己无法解决。
在 python 中导入 caffe 时出现此错误：
Python 3.6.4 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Jan 16 2018, 18:10:19)
[GCC 7.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import caffe
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/media/breeze/tmpstore/caffe-master/python/caffe/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
from .pycaffe import Net, SGDSolver, NesterovSolver, AdaGradSolver, RMSPropSolver, AdaDeltaSolver, AdamSolver, NCCL, Timer
File "/media/breeze/tmpstore/caffe-master/python/caffe/pycaffe.py", line 15, in <module>
import caffe.io
File "/media/breeze/tmpstore/caffe-master/python/caffe/io.py", line 2, in <module>
import skimage.io
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skimage/io/__init__.py", line 15, in <module>
reset_plugins()
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skimage/io/manage_plugins.py", line 93, in reset_plugins
_load_preferred_plugins()
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skimage/io/manage_plugins.py", line 73, in _load_preferred_plugins
_set_plugin(p_type, preferred_plugins['all'])
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skimage/io/manage_plugins.py", line 85, in _set_plugin
use_plugin(plugin, kind=plugin_type)
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skimage/io/manage_plugins.py", line 255, in use_plugin
_load(name)
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skimage/io/manage_plugins.py", line 299, in _load
fromlist=[modname])
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skimage/io/_plugins/matplotlib_plugin.py", line 3, in <module>
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 40, in <module>
from matplotlib.figure import Figure, figaspect
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 39, in <module>
from matplotlib.axes import Axes, SubplotBase, subplot_class_factory
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/__init__.py", line 4, in <module>
from ._subplots import *
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_subplots.py", line 10, in <module>
from matplotlib.axes._axes import Axes
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_axes.py", line 23, in <module>
import matplotlib.dates as _ # <-registers a date unit converter
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/dates.py", line 148, in <module>
from dateutil.rrule import (rrule, MO, TU, WE, TH, FR, SA, SU, YEARLY,
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/dateutil/rrule.py", line 55
raise ValueError, "Can't create weekday with n == 0"
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
作为记录，这里是我用来构建 Caffe 的 Make.config 文件内容：
## Refer to http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/installation.html
# Contributions simplifying and improving our build system are welcome!
# cuDNN acceleration switch (uncomment to build with cuDNN).
USE_CUDNN := 1
# CPU-only switch (uncomment to build without GPU support).
# CPU_ONLY := 1
# uncomment to disable IO dependencies and corresponding data layers
# USE_OPENCV := 0
# USE_LEVELDB := 0
# USE_LMDB := 0
# uncomment to allow MDB_NOLOCK when reading LMDB files (only if necessary)
# You should not set this flag if you will be reading LMDBs with any
# possibility of simultaneous read and write
# ALLOW_LMDB_NOLOCK := 1
# Uncomment if you're using OpenCV 3
OPENCV_VERSION := 3
# To customize your choice of compiler, uncomment and set the following.
# N.B. the default for Linux is g++ and the default for OSX is clang++
# CUSTOM_CXX := g++
# CUDA directory contains bin/ and lib/ directories that we need.
CUDA_DIR := /usr/local/cuda
# On Ubuntu 14.04, if cuda tools are installed via
# "sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit" then use this instead:
# CUDA_DIR := /usr
# CUDA architecture setting: going with all of them.
# For CUDA < 6.0, comment the *_50 through *_61 lines for compatibility.
# For CUDA < 8.0, comment the *_60 and *_61 lines for compatibility.
# For CUDA >= 9.0, comment the *_20 and *_21 lines for compatibility.
CUDA_ARCH := -gencode arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 \
-gencode arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 \
-gencode arch=compute_50,code=sm_50 \
-gencode arch=compute_52,code=sm_52 \
-gencode arch=compute_60,code=sm_60 \
-gencode arch=compute_61,code=sm_61 \
-gencode arch=compute_61,code=compute_61
# BLAS choice:
# atlas for ATLAS (default)
# mkl for MKL
# open for OpenBlas
BLAS := atlas
# Custom (MKL/ATLAS/OpenBLAS) include and lib directories.
# Leave commented to accept the defaults for your choice of BLAS
# (which should work)!
# BLAS_INCLUDE := /path/to/your/blas
# BLAS_LIB := /path/to/your/blas
# Homebrew puts openblas in a directory that is not on the standard search path
# BLAS_INCLUDE := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/include
# BLAS_LIB := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/lib
# This is required only if you will compile the matlab interface.
# MATLAB directory should contain the mex binary in /bin.
# MATLAB_DIR := /usr/local
# MATLAB_DIR := /Applications/MATLAB_R2012b.app
# NOTE: this is required only if you will compile the python interface.
# We need to be able to find Python.h and numpy/arrayobject.h.
#PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7 \
# /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include
# Anaconda Python distribution is quite popular. Include path:
# Verify anaconda location, sometimes it's in root.
ANACONDA_HOME := $(HOME)/anaconda3
PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include \
$(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python3.6m \
$(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/core/include
# Uncomment to use Python 3 (default is Python 2)
# Changed boost_python3 to boost_python-py35, andpython3.5m to python3.6m
# this is to resolve the : _caffe.so: undefined symbol: _ZN5boost6python6detail11init_moduleER11PyModuleDefPFvvE error
# ocurring when importing caffe
PYTHON_LIBRARIES := boost_python-py35 python3.6m
# PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python3.5m \
# /usr/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/numpy/core/include
# We need to be able to find libpythonX.X.so or .dylib.
#PYTHON_LIB := /usr/lib
PYTHON_LIB := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib
# for solving lib/libpng16.so.16: undefined reference to `inflateValidate@ZLIB_1.2.9'
LINKFLAGS := -Wl,-rpath,$(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib
# Homebrew installs numpy in a non standard path (keg only)
# PYTHON_INCLUDE += $(dir $(shell python -c 'import numpy.core; print(numpy.core.__file__)'))/include
# PYTHON_LIB += $(shell brew --prefix numpy)/lib
# Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs)
WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1
# Whatever else you find you need goes here.
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib
# If Homebrew is installed at a non standard location (for example your home directory) and you use it for general dependencies
# INCLUDE_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/include
# LIBRARY_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/lib
# NCCL acceleration switch (uncomment to build with NCCL)
# https://github.com/NVIDIA/nccl (last tested version: v1.2.3-1+cuda8.0)
# USE_NCCL := 1
# Uncomment to use `pkg-config` to specify OpenCV library paths.
# (Usually not necessary -- OpenCV libraries are normally installed in one of the above $LIBRARY_DIRS.)
# USE_PKG_CONFIG := 1
# N.B. both build and distribute dirs are cleared on `make clean`
BUILD_DIR := build
DISTRIBUTE_DIR := distribute
# Uncomment for debugging. Does not work on OSX due to https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/171
# DEBUG := 1
# The ID of the GPU that 'make runtest' will use to run unit tests.
TEST_GPUID := 0
# enable pretty build (comment to see full commands)
Q ?= @
如您所见，我正在使用 Anaconda3 (python3.6)，这是我添加到 bashrc 的内容：
export PATH=/home/breeze/anaconda3/bin:$PATH
export PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}
export PYTHONPATH=/media/breeze/tmpstore/caffe-master/python:$PYTHONPATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/media/breeze/tmpstore/caffe-master/distribute/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
这里发生了什么？错误消息根本没有任何意义！
File "/home/breeze/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/dateutil/rrule.py", line 55 raise ValueError, "Can't create weekday with n == 0" ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax
从错误中，您了解到您需要更新 dateutil 库。
pip install python-dateutil --upgrade