尝试冻结 Python 3.6.5 应用程序时出现 _sysconfigdata 错误

Question

我正在尝试将 Python 3.6.5 应用冻结为 Linux（Fedora 27 64 位）上的独立可执行文件，使用默认 Python freeze.py 公用事业。我有一个 Python 3.6.5 编译的签出，我正在尝试使用以下（已清理）命令冻结我的应用程序：

LOCAL_PYTHON=(path to my compiled local python directory)
$LOCAL_PYTHON/python $LOCAL_PYTHON/Tools/freeze/freeze.py -p $LOCAL_PYTHON 
    -P $LOCAL_PYTHON -o frozen myapp.py

这个冻结命令似乎工作正常，并像我期望的那样生成 myapp 可执行文件，但是运行宁可执行文件抛出以下异常：

Failed to import the site module
Traceback (most recent call last): 
  File "$LOCAL_PYTHON/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap.py", line 971, in _find_and_load  
 return _find_and_load_unlocked(name, import_) 
  File "$LOCAL_PYTHON/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap.py", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked  
 module = _load_unlocked(spec)  
  File "$LOCAL_PYTHON/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap.py", line 665, in _load_unlocked  
 spec.loader.exec_module(module)
  File "$LOCAL_PYTHON/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap.py", line 807, in exec_module  
 exec(code, module.__dict__) 
  File "$LOCAL_PYTHON/Lib/site.py", line 544, in <module>
 main() 
  File "$LOCAL_PYTHON/Lib/site.py", line 530, in main 
 known_paths = addusersitepackages(known_paths)
  File "$LOCAL_PYTHON/Lib/site.py", line 282, in addusersitepackages 
 user_site = getusersitepackages() 
  File "$LOCAL_PYTHON/Lib/site.py", line 258, in getusersitepackages 
 user_base = getuserbase() # this will also set USER_BASE  
  File "$LOCAL_PYTHON/Lib/site.py", line 248, in getuserbase
 USER_BASE = get_config_var('userbase')  
  File "$LOCAL_PYTHON/Lib/sysconfig.py", line 601, in get_config_var 
 return get_config_vars().get(name)
  File "$LOCAL_PYTHON/Lib/sysconfig.py", line 550, in get_config_vars
 _init_posix(_CONFIG_VARS)
  File "$LOCAL_PYTHON/Lib/sysconfig.py", line 421, in _init_posix 
 _temp = __import__(name, globals(), locals(), ['build_time_vars'], 0) 
  File "$LOCAL_PYTHON/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap.py", line 971, in _find_and_load  
 return _find_and_load_unlocked(name, import_) 
  File "$LOCAL_PYTHON/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap.py", line 953, in _find_and_load_unlocked  
 raise ModuleNotFoundError(_ERR_MSG.format(name), name=name)  
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_sysconfigdata_m_linux_x86_64-linux-gnu'

如果我运行它没有冻结（例如 $LOCAL_PYTHON/python myapp.py），我的应用程序工作正常，并且相同的冻结命令和应用程序在 Windows 上生成一个工作的可执行文件。是否缺少某些平台特定的冻结参数或环境变量？

Answer 1

所以我能够使用 docker 重现该问题。我运行一个docker容器使用下面

docker run -it fedora:27 bash

然后运行下面的命令从源

设置 python

yum install -y git gcc unzip zip wget curl make cmake zlib-devel libsq3-devel readline-devel openssl-devel which vim findutils
mkdir py
cd py/
wget "https://github.com/python/cpython/archive/v3.6.5.zip"
unzip v3.6.5.zip
cd cpython-3.6.5/
./configure --with-debug
make -j8

之后我创建了一个简单的 app.py

print('this is from app')

然后我运行

export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LOCAL_PYTHON=/py/cpython-3.6.5/
$LOCAL_PYTHON/python $LOCAL_PYTHON/Tools/freeze/freeze.py -p $LOCAL_PYTHON -P $LOCAL_PYTHON -o frozen app.py
cd frozen/
make
./app

我得到了以下异常

[root@54ba4757d177 frozen]# ./app
Failed to import the site module
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/py/cpython-3.6.5/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap.py", line 971, in _find_and_load
    return _find_and_load_unlocked(name, import_)
  File "/py/cpython-3.6.5/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap.py", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
    module = _load_unlocked(spec)
  File "/py/cpython-3.6.5/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap.py", line 665, in _load_unlocked
    spec.loader.exec_module(module)
  File "/py/cpython-3.6.5/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap.py", line 807, in exec_module
    exec(code, module.__dict__)
  File "/py/cpython-3.6.5/Lib/site.py", line 544, in <module>
    main()
  File "/py/cpython-3.6.5/Lib/site.py", line 530, in main
    known_paths = addusersitepackages(known_paths)
  File "/py/cpython-3.6.5/Lib/site.py", line 282, in addusersitepackages
    user_site = getusersitepackages()
  File "/py/cpython-3.6.5/Lib/site.py", line 258, in getusersitepackages
    user_base = getuserbase() # this will also set USER_BASE
  File "/py/cpython-3.6.5/Lib/site.py", line 248, in getuserbase
    USER_BASE = get_config_var('userbase')
  File "/py/cpython-3.6.5/Lib/sysconfig.py", line 601, in get_config_var
    return get_config_vars().get(name)
  File "/py/cpython-3.6.5/Lib/sysconfig.py", line 550, in get_config_vars
    _init_posix(_CONFIG_VARS)
  File "/py/cpython-3.6.5/Lib/sysconfig.py", line 421, in _init_posix
    _temp = __import__(name, globals(), locals(), ['build_time_vars'], 0)
  File "/py/cpython-3.6.5/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap.py", line 971, in _find_and_load
    return _find_and_load_unlocked(name, import_)
  File "/py/cpython-3.6.5/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap.py", line 953, in _find_and_load_unlocked
    raise ModuleNotFoundError(_ERR_MSG.format(name), name=name)
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_sysconfigdata_m_linux_x86_64-linux-gnu'

和你一样。然后我运行make install安装python再试

make install -C /py/cpython-3.6.5/

然后再次应用程序

[root@54ba4757d177 frozen]# ./app
this is from app

并且有效，所以我了解到问题是生成的应用程序假定 python 已安装在计算机上。然后我找到了

形式的黄金

Python freeze.py generated bin doesn't run

我更新了 /py/cpython-3.6.5/Tools/freeze/makefreeze.py 文件并在 PyImport_FrozenModules = _PyImport_FrozenModules; 之前添加了 Py_NoSiteFlag = 1;。

当然，我再次创建容器以确保系统上没有安装 python。然后再次重新编译应用程序，宾果游戏！

[root@06284cc1ae0c frozen]# ./app
this is from app

更进一步，我再次删除了所有 python 源、构建文件和运行应用程序，效果很好

尝试冻结 Python 3.6.5 应用程序时出现 _sysconfigdata 错误

_sysconfigdata error when trying to Freeze a Python 3.6.5 application

python

freeze