Tensorflow RNN LM 损失没有减少

Question

我正在尝试在 PennTree Bank 上训练一个基本的单向 LSTM RNN 语言模型。我的神经网络运行了，但测试集上的损失根本没有减少。我想知道这是为什么？

网络参数：

V = 10000
batch_size = 20
hidden_size = 650
embed_size = hidden_size
num_unrollings = 35
max_epoch = 6
learning_rate = 1.0

图表定义：

graph = tf.Graph()
with graph.as_default():
  cell_state = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(batch_size, hidden_size), name="CellState")
  hidden_state = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(batch_size, hidden_size), name="HiddenState")
  curr_batch = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, shape=[num_unrollings + 1, batch_size])
  lstm = tf.contrib.rnn.BasicLSTMCell(hidden_size)
  embeddings = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([V, embed_size], -0.1, 0.1), trainable=True, dtype=tf.float32)
  W = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([hidden_size, V], -0.1, 0.1))
  b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros(V))

  inputs = curr_batch[:num_unrollings,:] # num_unrollings x batch_size
  labels = curr_batch[1:, :] # num_unrollings x batch_size

  input_list = list()
  for t in range(num_unrollings):
    emb = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(embeddings, inputs[t,:])
    input_list.append(emb)

  outputs, states = tf.nn.static_rnn(lstm, input_list, initial_state=[cell_state, hidden_state])  # outputs: num_unrollings x batch_size x hidden
  cell_state, hidden_state = states
  outputs_flat = tf.reshape(outputs, [-1, lstm.output_size]) # output_flat: (num_unrollings x batch_size) x hidden
  logits = tf.nn.softmax(tf.matmul(outputs_flat, W) + b)   # logits_tensor: (num_unrollings x batch_size) x V
  logits_tensor = tf.reshape(logits, [batch_size, num_unrollings, V])

  targets = tf.transpose(labels)  # targets: batch_size x num_unrollings
  weights = tf.ones([batch_size, num_unrollings]) # weights: batch_size x num_unrollings
  loss = tf.reduce_sum(tf.contrib.seq2seq.sequence_loss(logits_tensor, targets, weights, average_across_timesteps=False, average_across_batch=True))
  optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(learning_rate).minimize(loss)

会话：

with tf.Session(graph=graph) as session:
  tf.global_variables_initializer().run()
  cstate = np.zeros([batch_size, hidden_size]).astype(np.float32)
  hstate = np.zeros([batch_size, hidden_size]).astype(np.float32)
  for epoch in range(max_epoch):
    CURSOR_train = 0
    epoch_over = False
    steps = 0
    average_loss = 0.0
    while not epoch_over:
      new_batch, epoch_over = nextBatch()
      feed_data = {curr_batch: new_batch, "CellState:0": cstate, "HiddenState:0": hstate}
      _, l, new_cell_state, new_hidden_state = session.run([optimizer, loss, cell_state, hidden_state], feed_dict=feed_data)
      cstate = new_cell_state
      hstate = new_hidden_state
      average_loss += l
      PRINT_INTERVAL = 200
      if steps % PRINT_INTERVAL == 0:
        print("Avg loss for last {0} batches: {1}".format(PRINT_INTERVAL, average_loss / PRINT_INTERVAL))
        average_loss = 0

      TEST_INTERVAL = 600
      if steps % TEST_INTERVAL == 0:
        # Evaluate the model
        test_over = False
        test_loss = 0.0
        test_batch_num = 0
        print("Testing ... ")
        while not test_over:
          test_batch_num += 1
          test_batch, test_over = nextBatch(setup='test')
          feed_data_test = { curr_batch: test_batch, "CellState:0": cstate, "HiddenState:0": hstate }
          tl, d1, d2 = session.run([loss, cell_state, hidden_state], feed_dict=feed_data_test)
          test_loss += tl
        test_loss = test_loss / test_batch_num
        print("Avg loss on test set: {0}".format(test_loss))

      steps += 1
      sys.stdout.write('\rStep: {0}'.format(steps))

无论我训练多长时间，测试集上的损失始终是 320.2430792614422。训练集的损失确实发生了变化。提前致谢！

Answer 1

你的学习率太高了，试试 0.0005 的学习率，然后调整这个数字。

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