Matplotlib 添加会话（持续时间）指示器并将 y 轴表示为星星

Question

我有一系列简单的用户事件，其中是登录和注销，中间执行的活动很少。我尝试了各种类型的图表，但没有成功。

我想用某种颜色表示登录和注销之间的时间，因此它表示 activity。在 Y 轴上，活动应表示为星号。

%matplotlib  inline

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from datetime import datetime
from collections import namedtuple


Event = namedtuple('Event',('event_time', 'event_type'))
# event_type = 1 -> Login,  2 -> watch , 3 -> buy , 4 -> like , 5 -> Logout
user_events = [ Event(event_time=datetime.strptime('2018-04-20 10:00:00', "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), event_type=1),
               Event(event_time=datetime.strptime('2018-04-20 12:00:00', "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), event_type=2),
               Event(event_time=datetime.strptime('2018-04-20 14:00:00', "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), event_type=3),
               Event(event_time=datetime.strptime('2018-04-20 16:00:00', "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), event_type=4),
               Event(event_time=datetime.strptime('2018-04-20 19:00:00', "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), event_type=5),
               Event(event_time=datetime.strptime('2018-04-21 07:00:00', "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), event_type=1),
               Event(event_time=datetime.strptime('2018-04-21 10:00:00', "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), event_type=2),
               Event(event_time=datetime.strptime('2018-04-21 14:00:00', "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), event_type=5)
              ]

df = pd.DataFrame(user_events, columns=['event_time','event_type'])
df = df.set_index('event_time')
df['event_type'].plot()

我正试图绕过这条线。任何建议表示赞赏。

基于 ALollz 解决方案的完整工作解决方案

import pandas as pd
# Used for the legend
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.lines as mlines
import matplotlib.patches as mpatches

from datetime import datetime
from collections import namedtuple

Event = namedtuple('Event',('event_time', 'event_type'))
# event_type = 1 -> Login,  2 -> watch , 3 -> buy , 4 -> like , 5 -> Logout
user_events = [ Event(event_time=datetime.strptime('2018-04-20 10:00:00', "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), event_type=1),
               Event(event_time=datetime.strptime('2018-04-20 12:00:00', "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), event_type=2),
               Event(event_time=datetime.strptime('2018-04-20 14:00:00', "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), event_type=3),
               Event(event_time=datetime.strptime('2018-04-20 16:00:00', "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), event_type=4),
               Event(event_time=datetime.strptime('2018-04-20 19:00:00', "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), event_type=5),
               Event(event_time=datetime.strptime('2018-04-21 07:00:00', "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), event_type=1),
               Event(event_time=datetime.strptime('2018-04-21 10:00:00', "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), event_type=2),
               Event(event_time=datetime.strptime('2018-04-21 14:00:00', "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), event_type=5)
              ]

df = pd.DataFrame(user_events, columns=['event_time','event_type'])
df = df.set_index('event_time')

# Set a margin for the time on the plot
tmargin = pd.Timedelta(hours=2)

# Set up the figure and the plotting region
_ = plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
_ = plt.xlabel(df.index.name)
_ = plt.xlim(df.index.min()-tmargin, df.index.max()+tmargin)

# Plot the points with scatter, using the colors you can define for each event type
cdict = {1: 'green', 2: 'maroon', 3: 'yellow', 4: 'cyan', 5: 'red'}
ldict = {1: '1 - Login', 2: '2 - Watch', 3: '3 - Buy', 4: '4 - Like', 5: '5 - Logout'}
_ = plt.scatter(df.index, df.event_type, marker='*', zorder=2, s=100, 
        c=[cdict[value] for value in df.event_type.values])
_ = plt.xticks(rotation=90)

# make default background red for inactive regions
_ = plt.axvspan(df.index.min()-tmargin, df.index.max()+tmargin, color='pink', alpha=0.5)

# make the active regions blue
for region in (zip(df[df.event_type==1].index, df[df.event_type==5].index)):
    _ = plt.axvspan(region[0], region[1], color='white', alpha=1, lw=0)
    _ = plt.axvspan(region[0], region[1], color='black', alpha=0.2, lw=0)

# Set a margin for the event type
_ = plt.margins(.02)

# Create the legend for the points
labels=[]
for item in df.event_type.unique():
    labels.append(mlines.Line2D([], [], color=cdict[item], marker='*',
                          markersize=15, label=ldict[item], lw=0))


# Add the session information to the legend
labels.append(mpatches.Patch(color='pink', alpha=0.5, label='Inactive Session'))
labels.append(mpatches.Patch(color='grey', alpha=0.2, label='Active Session'))

_ = plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1,1), handles=labels, fontsize=20)

# Display the plot
_ = plt.show()

Answer 1

我发现对于像这样复杂的事情，你总是不得不退回到 matplotlib。这是我的注释代码，因此您可以看到每个部分的作用。

import pandas as pd
# Used for the legend
import matplotlib.lines as mlines
import matplotlib.patches as mpatches

# Set a margin for the time on the plot
tmargin = pd.Timedelta(hours=2)

# Set up the figure and the plotting region
_ = plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
_ = plt.xlabel(df.index.name)
_ = plt.xlim(df.index.min()-tmargin, df.index.max()+tmargin)

# Plot the points with scatter, using the colors you can define for each event type
cdict = {1: 'green', 2: 'maroon', 3: 'yellow', 4: 'cyan', 5: 'red'}
ldict = {1: '1 - Login', 2: '2 - Watch', 3: '3 - Buy', 4: '4 - Like', 5: '5 - Logout'}
_ = plt.scatter(df.index, df.event_type, marker='*', zorder=2, s=400, 
        c=[cdict[value] for value in df.event_type.values])
_ = plt.xticks(rotation=30)

# make default background red for inactive regions
_ = plt.axvspan(df.index.min()-tmargin, df.index.max()+tmargin, color='r', alpha=0.5)

# make the active regions blue
for region in (zip(df[df.event_type==1].index, df[df.event_type==5].index)):
    _ = plt.axvspan(region[0], region[1], color='white', alpha=1, lw=0)
    _ = plt.axvspan(region[0], region[1], color='b', alpha=0.2, lw=0)

# Set a margin for the event type
_ = plt.margins(.02)

# Create the legend for the points
labels=[]
for item in df.event_type.unique():
    labels.append(mlines.Line2D([], [], color=cdict[item], marker='*',
                          markersize=15, label=ldict[item], lw=0))

# Add the session information to the legend
labels.append(mpatches.Patch(color='red', alpha=0.5, label='Inactive Session'))
labels.append(mpatches.Patch(color='blue', alpha=0.2, label='Active Session'))

_ = plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1,1), handles=labels, fontsize=20)

# Display the plot
_ = plt.show()

如果你想在这之前添加一些虚线就可以了。（如果您的 df 没有太多行就可以了。

for index, (event_type, event_duration) in df.iterrows():
    _ = plt.hlines(y=event_type, xmin=index, xmax=index+event_duration, linestyle='--',
                  color=cdict[event_type], lw=3)

并且由于您希望星星出现在时间段的末尾，您可能应该更改代码中的其他一些内容以包括持续时间

_ = plt.scatter(df.index+df.event_duration.values, df.event_type, marker='*', zorder=2, s=100, 
        c=[cdict[value] for value in df.event_type.values])

Matplotlib 添加会话（持续时间）指示器并将 y 轴表示为星星

Matplot lib add session( duration ) indicator and represent y-axis as stars

python

matplotlib

pandas

python-ggplot