如何为盒装特征对象实现 `serde::Serialize`？

Question

我 运行 在尝试为结构创建通用向量时遇到了问题。 这是我的第一次尝试：

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct Card {
    sections: Vec<Section<WidgetTrait>>
}

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct Section<T: WidgetTrait> {
    header: String,
    widgets: Vec<T>
}

这给我带来了一个错误，即 Sized 未实现并且 WidgetTrait 大小在编译时未知。

我的下一次尝试是像这样使用 Box<WidgetTrait>：

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct Section {
    header: String,
    widgets: Vec<Box<WidgetTrait>>
}

Playground

这导致我出错：

error[E0277]: the trait bound `WidgetTrait: serde::Serialize` is not satisfied
  --> src/main.rs:11:10
   |
11 | #[derive(Serialize)]
   |          ^^^^^^^^^ the trait `serde::Serialize` is not implemented for `WidgetTrait`
   |
   = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `serde::Serialize` for `std::boxed::Box<WidgetTrait>`
   = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `serde::Serialize` for `std::vec::Vec<std::boxed::Box<WidgetTrait>>`
   = note: required by `serde::ser::SerializeStruct::serialize_field`

我的目标是 Section 结构中的小部件向量能够接受实现 WidgetTrait 特征的不同类型的小部件，就像您使用接口一样。

Answer 1

我解决了编译器错误：

#[macro_use]
extern crate serde_derive;
extern crate serde_json;
extern crate serde;

use serde::ser::{Serialize, Serializer, SerializeStruct};

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct Card {
    sections: Vec<Section>
}

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct Section {
    header: String,
    widgets: Vec<Box<WidgetTrait>>
}

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct Image {
    #[serde(rename = "imageUrl")]
    image_url: String
}

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct KeyValue {
    #[serde(rename = "topLabel")]
    top_label: String,

    content: String
}

trait WidgetTrait {}

impl Serialize for WidgetTrait {
    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
        where S: Serializer {
            let s = serializer.serialize_struct("???", 3)?;

            s.end()
        }
}

impl WidgetTrait for Image {}
impl WidgetTrait for KeyValue {}

fn main() {
    // let test = ResponseMessage { 
    //         text: None, 
    //         cards: Some(
    //             vec![Card { sections: vec![
    //                 Section { header: format!("text"), widgets: vec![ 
    //                     Box::new(Image { image_url: format!("img") }) 
    //                     ]},
    //                 Section { header: format!("text"), widgets: vec![
    //                      Box::new(KeyValue { top_label: format!("text"), content: format!("text") }),
    //                      Box::new(KeyValue { top_label: format!("text"), content: format!("text") })
    //                      ]}
    //                 ]}])
    //         }
}

Playground

---

有效解决方案的步骤。

1. 根据 .
为实现 WidgetTrait 的结构编写 as_any() 实现
2. 为 Box<WidgetTrait>
类型的特征 Serialize 添加实现
3. 向下转换 Box<Widget> 到结构，因此我们使用 as_any() 和 downcast_ref()
知道类型
4. 使用 documentation 如何序列化强类型结构

#[macro_use]
extern crate serde_derive;
extern crate serde_json;
extern crate serde;

use serde::ser::{Serialize, Serializer, SerializeStruct};
use std::any::Any;

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct Card {
    sections: Vec<Section>
}

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct Section {
    header: String,
    widgets: Vec<Box<WidgetTrait>>
}

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct Image {
    #[serde(rename = "imageUrl")]
    image_url: String
}

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct KeyValue {
    #[serde(rename = "topLabel")]
    top_label: String,

    content: String
}

trait WidgetTrait {
    fn as_any(&self) -> &Any;
}

impl Serialize for Box<WidgetTrait> {
    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> 
        where S: Serializer {
            return match self.as_any().downcast_ref::<Image>() {
                Some(img) => {
                        let mut widget_serializer = serializer.serialize_struct("Image", 1)?;
                        widget_serializer.serialize_field("imageUrl", &img.image_url)?;

                        widget_serializer.end()  
                    },
                None => {
                    let key_value: &KeyValue = match self.as_any().downcast_ref::<KeyValue>() {
                        Some(k) => k,
                        None => panic!("Unknown type!")
                    };

                    let mut widget_serializer = serializer.serialize_struct("KeyValue", 2)?;
                    widget_serializer.serialize_field("topLabel", &key_value.top_label)?;
                    widget_serializer.serialize_field("content", &key_value.content)?;

                    widget_serializer.end()  
                }
            };                
        }
}

impl WidgetTrait for Image {
    fn as_any(&self) -> &Any {
        self
    }
}

impl WidgetTrait for KeyValue {
    fn as_any(&self) -> &Any {
        self
    }
}

fn main() {
    // let test = ResponseMessage { 
    //         text: None, 
    //         cards: Some(
    //             vec![Card { sections: vec![
    //                 Section { header: format!("text"), widgets: vec![ 
    //                     Box::new(Image { image_url: format!("img") }) 
    //                     ]},
    //                 Section { header: format!("text"), widgets: vec![
    //                      Box::new(KeyValue { top_label: format!("text"), content: format!("text") }),
    //                      Box::new(KeyValue { top_label: format!("text"), content: format!("text") })
    //                      ]}
    //                 ]}])
    //         }
}

Playground

Answer 2

要序列化 ​​Serde 特征对象，您应该使用 erased-serde。

#[macro_use]
extern crate serde_derive;

#[macro_use]
extern crate erased_serde;

extern crate serde;
extern crate serde_json;

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct Card {
    sections: Vec<Section>,
}

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct Section {
    header: String,
    widgets: Vec<Box<WidgetTrait>>,
}

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct Image {
    image_url: String,
}

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct KeyValue {
    top_label: String,
    content: String,
}

trait WidgetTrait: erased_serde::Serialize {}
impl WidgetTrait for Image {}
impl WidgetTrait for KeyValue {}

serialize_trait_object!(WidgetTrait);

fn main() {
    let card = Card {
        sections: vec![
            Section {
                header: "text".to_owned(),
                widgets: vec![
                    Box::new(Image {
                        image_url: "img".to_owned(),
                    }),
                    Box::new(KeyValue {
                        top_label: "text".to_owned(),
                        content: "text".to_owned(),
                    }),
                ],
            },
        ],
    };

    println!("{}", serde_json::to_string_pretty(&card).unwrap());
}