Android 的 ARM 汇编器中对 'printf' 的未定义引用
Undefined reference to 'printf' in ARM assembler for Android
我正在尝试按照我在博客上找到的示例进行操作。
androideabi好像不能直接在汇编代码级别调用printf(可能是我编译的时候少了一个flag?)。
我是运行这些命令:
arm-linux-androideabi-as -o fib.o fibonacci.s
arm-linux-androideabi-ld --sysroot $env:SYSROOT -s -o fib fib.o
fib.o(.text+0x8): error: undefined reference to 'printf'
我从汇编代码中得到一个未定义的引用。
如果它真的成功了,那就太好了。如果有人想分享他们在底层编程方面的出色知识,我当然愿意接受替代解决方案!
这个问题有什么建议吗?代码如下:
.syntax unified
.equ maxfib,4000000
previous .req r4
current .req r5
next .req r6
sum .req r7
max .req r8
tmp .req r9
.section .rodata
.align 2
fibstring:
.asciz "fib is %d\n"
sumstring:
.asciz "%d\n"
len = . - sumstring
.text
.align 2
.global main
.extern printf
.type main, %function
main:
stmfd sp!, {r4-r9, lr}
ldr max, =maxfib
mov previous, 1
mov current, 1
mov sum, 0
loop:
cmp current, max
bgt last
add next, current, previous
movs tmp, current, lsr 1 @ set carry flag from lsr - for the odd-valued terms
@ we discard the result of the movs and are only interested
@ in the side effect of the lsr which pushes the lower bit
@ of current (1 for odd; 0 for even) into the carry flag
@ movs will update the status register (c.f. mov which will not)
addcc sum, sum, current @ we add current to the sum ONLY when cc (carry clear) is true
@ these are even-valued fibonacci terms
mov previous, current
mov current, next
b loop
last:
mov r1, sum
ldr r0, =sumstring @ store address of start of string to r0
bl printf
mov r0, 0
ldmfd sp!, {r4-r9, pc}
mov r7, 1 @ set r7 to 1 - the syscall for exit
swi 0 @ then invoke the syscall from linux
您需要 link 到 C 运行时库 aka libc,才能获得 printf
。您可以在 linking 命令的末尾添加 -lc
,或者使用 gcc
前端而不是直接使用 ld
。
即,要么这样做:
arm-linux-androideabi-ld --sysroot $env:SYSROOT -s -o fib fib.o -lc
或者这样:
arm-linux-androideabi-gcc --sysroot $env:SYSROOT -Wl,-s -o fib fib.o
使用gcc -o fib fib.o
而不是 ld -o fib fib.o
我正在尝试按照我在博客上找到的示例进行操作。
androideabi好像不能直接在汇编代码级别调用printf(可能是我编译的时候少了一个flag?)。
我是运行这些命令:
arm-linux-androideabi-as -o fib.o fibonacci.s
arm-linux-androideabi-ld --sysroot $env:SYSROOT -s -o fib fib.o
fib.o(.text+0x8): error: undefined reference to 'printf'
我从汇编代码中得到一个未定义的引用。
如果它真的成功了,那就太好了。如果有人想分享他们在底层编程方面的出色知识,我当然愿意接受替代解决方案!
这个问题有什么建议吗?代码如下:
.syntax unified
.equ maxfib,4000000
previous .req r4
current .req r5
next .req r6
sum .req r7
max .req r8
tmp .req r9
.section .rodata
.align 2
fibstring:
.asciz "fib is %d\n"
sumstring:
.asciz "%d\n"
len = . - sumstring
.text
.align 2
.global main
.extern printf
.type main, %function
main:
stmfd sp!, {r4-r9, lr}
ldr max, =maxfib
mov previous, 1
mov current, 1
mov sum, 0
loop:
cmp current, max
bgt last
add next, current, previous
movs tmp, current, lsr 1 @ set carry flag from lsr - for the odd-valued terms
@ we discard the result of the movs and are only interested
@ in the side effect of the lsr which pushes the lower bit
@ of current (1 for odd; 0 for even) into the carry flag
@ movs will update the status register (c.f. mov which will not)
addcc sum, sum, current @ we add current to the sum ONLY when cc (carry clear) is true
@ these are even-valued fibonacci terms
mov previous, current
mov current, next
b loop
last:
mov r1, sum
ldr r0, =sumstring @ store address of start of string to r0
bl printf
mov r0, 0
ldmfd sp!, {r4-r9, pc}
mov r7, 1 @ set r7 to 1 - the syscall for exit
swi 0 @ then invoke the syscall from linux
您需要 link 到 C 运行时库 aka libc,才能获得 printf
。您可以在 linking 命令的末尾添加 -lc
,或者使用 gcc
前端而不是直接使用 ld
。
即,要么这样做:
arm-linux-androideabi-ld --sysroot $env:SYSROOT -s -o fib fib.o -lc
或者这样:
arm-linux-androideabi-gcc --sysroot $env:SYSROOT -Wl,-s -o fib fib.o
使用gcc -o fib fib.o
而不是 ld -o fib fib.o