在 RHEL7 上安装最新版本的 Erlang
Installing up-to-date version of Erlang on RHEL7
我正在尝试将最新的（在撰写本文时为 20.3 版）Erlang 发行版安装到 RHEL7（准确地说是 7.5 版）中。
Google 告诉我最新的 Erlang 发行版由 Erlang Solutions at https://packages.erlang-solutions.com/ 维护（谢谢！）
您还可以找到有关如何添加存储库以便可以使用包管理器安装 Erlang 的说明：
Installation using repository
- Adding repository entry
To add Erlang Solutions repository (including our public key for verifying signed package) to your system, call the following commands:
wget https://packages.erlang-solutions.com/erlang-solutions-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh erlang-solutions-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
但是，如果我 运行 命令（我 运行 作为 root 的 rpm 命令）没有 Erlang Solutions repo 添加到 yum repolist。 RHEL7 与 Centos 不同吗？是说明有问题还是我做错了什么？
Erlang Solutions repo（和安装说明）也引用自
我找到了根本原因并能够从 Erlang 解决方案存储库安装 Erlang。
根本原因是 $releasever 在 RHEL 中与在 Centos 中不同，因此无法使用该变量，必须将其更改为硬编码值。
以下是如何设置 yum 的详细步骤，以便可以使用 yum 从 Erlang Solutions 和 EPEL 存储库安装 Erlang 及其依赖项。
添加以下 Erlang 解决方案存储库文件：
[root@red ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/erlang-solutions.repo
[erlang-solutions]
name=CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Erlang Solutions
baseurl=https://packages.erlang-solutions.com/rpm/centos/7/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.erlang-solutions.com/rpm/erlang_solutions.asc
[root@red ~]#
请注意，必须将 baseurl 从
更改为
https://packages.erlang-solutions.com/rpm/centos/$releasever/$basearch
至
https://packages.erlang-solutions.com/rpm/centos/7/$basearch
也为 Erlang 所需的依赖项添加 EPEL 存储库（wxBase、wxGTK、wxGTK-gl）：
[root@red ~]# rpm -ivh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
Repolist 现在看起来：
[root@red ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
repo id repo name status
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 12,517
erlang-solutions/x86_64 CentOS 7Server - x86_64 - Erlang Solutions 992
rhel-7-server-extras-rpms/x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Server - Extras (RPMs) 814
rhel-7-server-optional-rpms/7Server/x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Server - Optional (RPMs) 14,947
rhel-7-server-rpms/7Server/x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Server (RPMs) 20,120
rhel-7-server-rt-rpms/7Server/x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Real Time (RHEL 7 Server) (RPMs) 281
rhel-server-rhscl-7-rpms/7Server/x86_64 Red Hat Software Collections RPMs for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9,961
repolist: 59,632
[root@red ~]#
Erlang 包可用！
[root@red ~]# yum info erlang
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
Available Packages
Name : erlang
Arch : x86_64
Version : 20.3
Release : 1.el7.centos
Size : 17 k
Repo : erlang-solutions/x86_64
Summary : General-purpose programming language and runtime environment
URL : http://www.erlang.org
License : ERPL
Description : Erlang is a general-purpose programming language and runtime
: environment. Erlang has built-in support for concurrency, distribution
: and fault tolerance. Erlang is used in several large telecommunication
: systems from Ericsson.
[root@red ~]#
最后你可以用 yum -y install erlang 安装 Erlang。
安装了来自几个不同存储库的以下软件包：
================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================================================
Installing:
erlang x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 17 k
Installing for dependencies:
SDL x86_64 1.2.15-14.el7 rhel-7-server-rpms 204 k
erlang-asn1 x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 928 k
erlang-common_test x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 1.3 M
erlang-compiler x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 1.4 M
erlang-cosEvent x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 170 k
erlang-cosEventDomain x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 137 k
erlang-cosFileTransfer x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 200 k
erlang-cosNotification x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 842 k
erlang-cosProperty x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 188 k
erlang-cosTime x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 124 k
erlang-cosTransactions x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 196 k
erlang-crypto x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 212 k
erlang-debugger x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 468 k
erlang-dialyzer x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 838 k
erlang-diameter x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 835 k
erlang-edoc x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 366 k
erlang-eldap x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 125 k
erlang-erl_docgen x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 156 k
erlang-erl_interface x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 263 k
erlang-erts x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 2.0 M
erlang-et x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 189 k
erlang-eunit x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 185 k
erlang-examples x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 1.0 M
erlang-hipe x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 3.2 M
erlang-ic x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 1.0 M
erlang-inets x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 921 k
erlang-jinterface x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 179 k
erlang-kernel x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 1.3 M
erlang-megaco x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 6.0 M
erlang-mnesia x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 915 k
erlang-observer x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 980 k
erlang-odbc x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 87 k
erlang-orber x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 1.1 M
erlang-os_mon x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 135 k
erlang-otp_mibs x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 33 k
erlang-parsetools x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 208 k
erlang-public_key x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 689 k
erlang-reltool x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 404 k
erlang-runtime_tools x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 253 k
erlang-sasl x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 342 k
erlang-snmp x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 1.9 M
erlang-ssh x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 630 k
erlang-ssl x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 969 k
erlang-stdlib x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 3.2 M
erlang-syntax_tools x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 493 k
erlang-tools x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 638 k
erlang-typer x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 28 k
erlang-wx x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 4.7 M
erlang-xmerl x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 1.1 M
mesa-libGLU x86_64 9.0.0-4.el7 rhel-7-server-rpms 196 k
unixODBC x86_64 2.3.1-11.el7 rhel-7-server-rpms 413 k
wxBase x86_64 2.8.12-20.el7 epel 588 k
wxGTK x86_64 2.8.12-20.el7 epel 2.9 M
wxGTK-gl x86_64 2.8.12-20.el7 epel 34 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+54 Dependent packages)
享受你的前沿工具链！
[jani@red ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.5 (Maipo)
[jani@red ~]$ erl
Erlang/OTP 20 [erts-9.3] [source] [64-bit] [smp:2:2] [ds:2:2:10] [async-threads:10] [hipe] [kernel-poll:false]
Eshell V9.3 (abort with ^G)
1>
RabbitMQ安装说明says it's a good idea to lock installed erlang version. See How to restrict yum to install or upgrade a package to a fixed specific package version?
[root@red ~]# yum -y install yum-plugin-versionlock
[...]
[root@red ~]# yum versionlock erlang wxBase wxGTK wxGTK-gl
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, versionlock
Adding versionlock on: 0:wxGTK-2.8.12-20.el7
Adding versionlock on: 0:wxGTK-gl-2.8.12-20.el7
Adding versionlock on: 0:wxBase-2.8.12-20.el7
Adding versionlock on: 0:erlang-20.3-1.el7.centos
versionlock added: 4
[root@red ~]#
我正在尝试将最新的（在撰写本文时为 20.3 版）Erlang 发行版安装到 RHEL7（准确地说是 7.5 版）中。
Google 告诉我最新的 Erlang 发行版由 Erlang Solutions at https://packages.erlang-solutions.com/ 维护（谢谢！）
您还可以找到有关如何添加存储库以便可以使用包管理器安装 Erlang 的说明：
Installation using repository
- Adding repository entry
To add Erlang Solutions repository (including our public key for verifying signed package) to your system, call the following commands:
wget https://packages.erlang-solutions.com/erlang-solutions-1.0-1.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh erlang-solutions-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
但是，如果我 运行 命令（我 运行 作为 root 的 rpm 命令）没有 Erlang Solutions repo 添加到 yum repolist。 RHEL7 与 Centos 不同吗？是说明有问题还是我做错了什么？
Erlang Solutions repo（和安装说明）也引用自
我找到了根本原因并能够从 Erlang 解决方案存储库安装 Erlang。
根本原因是 $releasever 在 RHEL 中与在 Centos 中不同，因此无法使用该变量，必须将其更改为硬编码值。
以下是如何设置 yum 的详细步骤，以便可以使用 yum 从 Erlang Solutions 和 EPEL 存储库安装 Erlang 及其依赖项。
添加以下 Erlang 解决方案存储库文件：
[root@red ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/erlang-solutions.repo
[erlang-solutions]
name=CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Erlang Solutions
baseurl=https://packages.erlang-solutions.com/rpm/centos/7/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.erlang-solutions.com/rpm/erlang_solutions.asc
[root@red ~]#
请注意，必须将 baseurl 从
更改为https://packages.erlang-solutions.com/rpm/centos/$releasever/$basearch
至
https://packages.erlang-solutions.com/rpm/centos/7/$basearch
也为 Erlang 所需的依赖项添加 EPEL 存储库（wxBase、wxGTK、wxGTK-gl）：
[root@red ~]# rpm -ivh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
Repolist 现在看起来：
[root@red ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
repo id repo name status
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 12,517
erlang-solutions/x86_64 CentOS 7Server - x86_64 - Erlang Solutions 992
rhel-7-server-extras-rpms/x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Server - Extras (RPMs) 814
rhel-7-server-optional-rpms/7Server/x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Server - Optional (RPMs) 14,947
rhel-7-server-rpms/7Server/x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Server (RPMs) 20,120
rhel-7-server-rt-rpms/7Server/x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Real Time (RHEL 7 Server) (RPMs) 281
rhel-server-rhscl-7-rpms/7Server/x86_64 Red Hat Software Collections RPMs for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9,961
repolist: 59,632
[root@red ~]#
Erlang 包可用！
[root@red ~]# yum info erlang
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
Available Packages
Name : erlang
Arch : x86_64
Version : 20.3
Release : 1.el7.centos
Size : 17 k
Repo : erlang-solutions/x86_64
Summary : General-purpose programming language and runtime environment
URL : http://www.erlang.org
License : ERPL
Description : Erlang is a general-purpose programming language and runtime
: environment. Erlang has built-in support for concurrency, distribution
: and fault tolerance. Erlang is used in several large telecommunication
: systems from Ericsson.
[root@red ~]#
最后你可以用 yum -y install erlang 安装 Erlang。
安装了来自几个不同存储库的以下软件包：
================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================================================
Installing:
erlang x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 17 k
Installing for dependencies:
SDL x86_64 1.2.15-14.el7 rhel-7-server-rpms 204 k
erlang-asn1 x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 928 k
erlang-common_test x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 1.3 M
erlang-compiler x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 1.4 M
erlang-cosEvent x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 170 k
erlang-cosEventDomain x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 137 k
erlang-cosFileTransfer x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 200 k
erlang-cosNotification x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 842 k
erlang-cosProperty x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 188 k
erlang-cosTime x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 124 k
erlang-cosTransactions x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 196 k
erlang-crypto x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 212 k
erlang-debugger x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 468 k
erlang-dialyzer x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 838 k
erlang-diameter x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 835 k
erlang-edoc x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 366 k
erlang-eldap x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 125 k
erlang-erl_docgen x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 156 k
erlang-erl_interface x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 263 k
erlang-erts x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 2.0 M
erlang-et x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 189 k
erlang-eunit x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 185 k
erlang-examples x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 1.0 M
erlang-hipe x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 3.2 M
erlang-ic x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 1.0 M
erlang-inets x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 921 k
erlang-jinterface x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 179 k
erlang-kernel x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 1.3 M
erlang-megaco x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 6.0 M
erlang-mnesia x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 915 k
erlang-observer x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 980 k
erlang-odbc x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 87 k
erlang-orber x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 1.1 M
erlang-os_mon x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 135 k
erlang-otp_mibs x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 33 k
erlang-parsetools x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 208 k
erlang-public_key x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 689 k
erlang-reltool x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 404 k
erlang-runtime_tools x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 253 k
erlang-sasl x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 342 k
erlang-snmp x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 1.9 M
erlang-ssh x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 630 k
erlang-ssl x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 969 k
erlang-stdlib x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 3.2 M
erlang-syntax_tools x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 493 k
erlang-tools x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 638 k
erlang-typer x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 28 k
erlang-wx x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 4.7 M
erlang-xmerl x86_64 20.3-1.el7.centos erlang-solutions 1.1 M
mesa-libGLU x86_64 9.0.0-4.el7 rhel-7-server-rpms 196 k
unixODBC x86_64 2.3.1-11.el7 rhel-7-server-rpms 413 k
wxBase x86_64 2.8.12-20.el7 epel 588 k
wxGTK x86_64 2.8.12-20.el7 epel 2.9 M
wxGTK-gl x86_64 2.8.12-20.el7 epel 34 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+54 Dependent packages)
享受你的前沿工具链！
[jani@red ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.5 (Maipo)
[jani@red ~]$ erl
Erlang/OTP 20 [erts-9.3] [source] [64-bit] [smp:2:2] [ds:2:2:10] [async-threads:10] [hipe] [kernel-poll:false]
Eshell V9.3 (abort with ^G)
1>
RabbitMQ安装说明says it's a good idea to lock installed erlang version. See How to restrict yum to install or upgrade a package to a fixed specific package version?
[root@red ~]# yum -y install yum-plugin-versionlock
[...]
[root@red ~]# yum versionlock erlang wxBase wxGTK wxGTK-gl
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, versionlock
Adding versionlock on: 0:wxGTK-2.8.12-20.el7
Adding versionlock on: 0:wxGTK-gl-2.8.12-20.el7
Adding versionlock on: 0:wxBase-2.8.12-20.el7
Adding versionlock on: 0:erlang-20.3-1.el7.centos
versionlock added: 4
[root@red ~]#