需要静态模板方法的模板模板概念不满足约束

Constraints not satisfied for template template concept requiring static template method

我正在尝试使用 C++ 概念实现 Functor 和各种其他类别理论概念,但出现编译错误:

http://coliru.stacked-crooked.com/a/e8b6eb387229bddf

这是我的完整代码(我知道要求 fmap<int, int> 不会验证任何两种类型的 fmap,我打算将其更改为 fmap<int, std::string> 或其他一些以实现稍微更强的测试——或者相反,可能改变 Functor 概念,以便它除了 F 之外还采用两种类型 TU 并验证 [=20] 的存在=],但这就是我弄清楚如何修复我遇到的错误之后的全部内容):

#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

// empty Functor_Impl struct - specialize for each functor
template<template<class> class F> struct Functor_Impl {};

// std::vector Functor implementation
template<>
struct Functor_Impl<std::vector> {
    template<class T, class U>
    static std::vector<U> fmap(std::vector<T> x, std::function<U(T)> f) {
        std::vector<U> out;
        out.reserve(x.size());
        for (int i = 0; i < x.size(); i++) {
            out.push_back(f(x[i]));
        }
        return out;
    }
};

// Functor concept requires Functor_Impl<F> to have fmap
template<template<class> class F>
concept bool Functor = requires(F<int> x) {
    {Functor_Impl<F>::template fmap<int, int>(x)} -> F<int>;
};

// Test function using constraint.
template<template<class> class F, class T>
requires Functor<F>
F<T> mult_by_2(F<T> a) {
    return Functor_Impl<F>::template fmap<T, T>(a, [](T x) {
        return x * 2;
    });
}

int main() {
    std::vector<int> x = {1, 2, 3};
    std::vector<int> x2 = mult_by_2(x);
    for (int i = 0; i < x2.size(); i++) {
        std::cout << x2[i] << std::endl;
    }
}

编译错误:

lol@foldingmachinebox:~/p/website-editor$ g++ foo.cpp -std=c++17 -fconcepts -o foo
foo.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
foo.cpp:39:38: error: cannot call function ‘F<T> mult_by_2(F<T>) [with F = std::vector; T = int]’
     std::vector<int> x2 = mult_by_2(x);
                                      ^
foo.cpp:31:6: note:   constraints not satisfied
 F<T> mult_by_2(F<T> a) {
      ^~~~~~~~~
foo.cpp:24:14: note: within ‘template<template<class> class F> concept const bool Functor<F> [with F = std::vector]’
 concept bool Functor = requires(F<int> x) {
              ^~~~~~~
foo.cpp:24:14: note:     with ‘std::vector<int> x’
foo.cpp:24:14: note: the required expression ‘Functor_Impl<F>::fmap<int, int>(x)’ would be ill-formed

我猜我对这个概念本身的语法是错误的 - 它将变量视为函数,反之亦然,因为我对 concept 语法不是很熟悉,并且在cppreference.com 上的一些示例代码在 GCC 的实现下无法编译(例如 concept EqualityComparable 无法编译,必须更改为 concept bool EqualityComparable)。

如果我从 mult_by_2 函数声明中删除 requires Functor<F>,则代码会编译并运行。

问题正是错误消息所说的:Functor_Impl<F>::template fmap<int, int>(x) 不是有效的表达式。 Functor_Impl<std::vector>::fmap 有两个参数,没有一个。