如何将 Python 点击的默认选项设置为 -h?
How to set the default option as -h for Python click?
如何将 Python 点击的默认选项设置为 -h?
默认情况下,如果没有向 duh.py
:
提供任何参数,我的脚本将不显示任何内容
import click
CONTEXT_SETTINGS = dict(help_option_names=['-h', '--help'])
@click.command(context_settings=CONTEXT_SETTINGS)
@click.option('--toduhornot', is_flag=True, help='prints "duh..."')
def duh(toduhornot):
if toduhornot:
click.echo('duh...')
if __name__ == '__main__':
duh()
[输出]:
$ python3 test_click.py -h
Usage: test_click.py [OPTIONS]
Options:
--toduhornot prints "duh..."
-h, --help Show this message and exit.
$ python3 test_click.py --toduhornot
duh...
$ python3 test_click.py
问题:
如上图,默认不打印信息python3 test_click.py
.
有没有办法在没有给出参数的情况下将默认选项设置为 -h
,例如
$ python3 test_click.py
Usage: test_click.py [OPTIONS]
Options:
--toduhornot prints "duh..."
-h, --help Show this message and exit.
您的结构不是推荐的结构,您应该使用:
import click
CONTEXT_SETTINGS = dict(help_option_names=['-h', '--help'])
@click.group(context_settings=CONTEXT_SETTINGS)
def cli():
pass
@cli.command(help='prints "duh..."')
def duh():
click.echo('duh...')
if __name__ == '__main__':
cli()
然后python test_click.py
将打印帮助信息:
Usage: test_click.py [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...
Options:
-h, --help Show this message and exit.
Commands:
duh prints "duh..."
所以你可以用python test_click.py duh
调用duh
。
更新
import click
CONTEXT_SETTINGS = dict(help_option_names=['-h', '--help'])
@click.command(context_settings=CONTEXT_SETTINGS)
@click.option('--toduhornot', is_flag=True, help='prints "duh..."')
def duh(toduhornot):
if toduhornot:
click.echo('duh...')
else:
with click.Context(duh) as ctx:
click.echo(ctx.get_help())
if __name__ == '__main__':
duh()
如果您继承自 click.Command
并重写 parse_args()
方法,您可以创建一个自定义 class 来默认帮助,例如:
自定义Class
import click
class DefaultHelp(click.Command):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
context_settings = kwargs.setdefault('context_settings', {})
if 'help_option_names' not in context_settings:
context_settings['help_option_names'] = ['-h', '--help']
self.help_flag = context_settings['help_option_names'][0]
super(DefaultHelp, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def parse_args(self, ctx, args):
if not args:
args = [self.help_flag]
return super(DefaultHelp, self).parse_args(ctx, args)
使用自定义 Class:
要使用自定义 class,请将 cls
参数传递给 @click.command()
装饰器,例如:
@click.command(cls=DefaultHelp)
这是如何工作的?
之所以可行,是因为 click 是一个设计良好的 OO 框架。 @click.command()
装饰器通常实例化一个
click.Command
对象,但允许使用 cls
参数覆盖此行为。所以是一个相对
在我们自己的 class 中继承 click.Command
并覆盖所需的方法很容易。
在这种情况下,我们覆盖 click.Command.parse_args()
并检查空参数列表。如果它是空的,那么我们调用帮助。此外,如果未另行设置,class 会将帮助默认为 ['-h', '--help']
。
测试代码:
@click.command(cls=DefaultHelp)
@click.option('--toduhornot', is_flag=True, help='prints "duh..."')
def duh(toduhornot):
if toduhornot:
click.echo('duh...')
if __name__ == "__main__":
commands = (
'--toduhornot',
'',
'--help',
'-h',
)
import sys, time
time.sleep(1)
print('Click Version: {}'.format(click.__version__))
print('Python Version: {}'.format(sys.version))
for cmd in commands:
try:
time.sleep(0.1)
print('-----------')
print('> ' + cmd)
time.sleep(0.1)
duh(cmd.split())
except BaseException as exc:
if str(exc) != '0' and \
not isinstance(exc, (click.ClickException, SystemExit)):
raise
结果:
Click Version: 6.7
Python Version: 3.6.3 (v3.6.3:2c5fed8, Oct 3 2017, 18:11:49) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
-----------
> --toduhornot
duh...
-----------
>
Usage: test.py [OPTIONS]
Options:
--toduhornot prints "duh..."
-h, --help Show this message and exit.
-----------
> --help
Usage: test.py [OPTIONS]
Options:
--toduhornot prints "duh..."
-h, --help Show this message and exit.
-----------
> -h
Usage: test.py [OPTIONS]
Options:
--toduhornot prints "duh..."
-h, --help Show this message and exit.
我找到的最简单的方法
import click
@click.command()
@click.option('--option')
@click.pass_context
def run(ctx, option):
if not option:
click.echo(ctx.get_help())
ctx.exit()
从 version 7.1 开始,可以简单地指定 @click.command(no_args_is_help=True)
。
如何将 Python 点击的默认选项设置为 -h?
默认情况下,如果没有向 duh.py
:
import click
CONTEXT_SETTINGS = dict(help_option_names=['-h', '--help'])
@click.command(context_settings=CONTEXT_SETTINGS)
@click.option('--toduhornot', is_flag=True, help='prints "duh..."')
def duh(toduhornot):
if toduhornot:
click.echo('duh...')
if __name__ == '__main__':
duh()
[输出]:
$ python3 test_click.py -h
Usage: test_click.py [OPTIONS]
Options:
--toduhornot prints "duh..."
-h, --help Show this message and exit.
$ python3 test_click.py --toduhornot
duh...
$ python3 test_click.py
问题:
如上图,默认不打印信息python3 test_click.py
.
有没有办法在没有给出参数的情况下将默认选项设置为 -h
,例如
$ python3 test_click.py
Usage: test_click.py [OPTIONS]
Options:
--toduhornot prints "duh..."
-h, --help Show this message and exit.
您的结构不是推荐的结构,您应该使用:
import click
CONTEXT_SETTINGS = dict(help_option_names=['-h', '--help'])
@click.group(context_settings=CONTEXT_SETTINGS)
def cli():
pass
@cli.command(help='prints "duh..."')
def duh():
click.echo('duh...')
if __name__ == '__main__':
cli()
然后python test_click.py
将打印帮助信息:
Usage: test_click.py [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...
Options:
-h, --help Show this message and exit.
Commands:
duh prints "duh..."
所以你可以用python test_click.py duh
调用duh
。
更新
import click
CONTEXT_SETTINGS = dict(help_option_names=['-h', '--help'])
@click.command(context_settings=CONTEXT_SETTINGS)
@click.option('--toduhornot', is_flag=True, help='prints "duh..."')
def duh(toduhornot):
if toduhornot:
click.echo('duh...')
else:
with click.Context(duh) as ctx:
click.echo(ctx.get_help())
if __name__ == '__main__':
duh()
如果您继承自 click.Command
并重写 parse_args()
方法,您可以创建一个自定义 class 来默认帮助,例如:
自定义Class
import click
class DefaultHelp(click.Command):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
context_settings = kwargs.setdefault('context_settings', {})
if 'help_option_names' not in context_settings:
context_settings['help_option_names'] = ['-h', '--help']
self.help_flag = context_settings['help_option_names'][0]
super(DefaultHelp, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def parse_args(self, ctx, args):
if not args:
args = [self.help_flag]
return super(DefaultHelp, self).parse_args(ctx, args)
使用自定义 Class:
要使用自定义 class,请将 cls
参数传递给 @click.command()
装饰器,例如:
@click.command(cls=DefaultHelp)
这是如何工作的?
之所以可行,是因为 click 是一个设计良好的 OO 框架。 @click.command()
装饰器通常实例化一个
click.Command
对象,但允许使用 cls
参数覆盖此行为。所以是一个相对
在我们自己的 class 中继承 click.Command
并覆盖所需的方法很容易。
在这种情况下,我们覆盖 click.Command.parse_args()
并检查空参数列表。如果它是空的,那么我们调用帮助。此外,如果未另行设置,class 会将帮助默认为 ['-h', '--help']
。
测试代码:
@click.command(cls=DefaultHelp)
@click.option('--toduhornot', is_flag=True, help='prints "duh..."')
def duh(toduhornot):
if toduhornot:
click.echo('duh...')
if __name__ == "__main__":
commands = (
'--toduhornot',
'',
'--help',
'-h',
)
import sys, time
time.sleep(1)
print('Click Version: {}'.format(click.__version__))
print('Python Version: {}'.format(sys.version))
for cmd in commands:
try:
time.sleep(0.1)
print('-----------')
print('> ' + cmd)
time.sleep(0.1)
duh(cmd.split())
except BaseException as exc:
if str(exc) != '0' and \
not isinstance(exc, (click.ClickException, SystemExit)):
raise
结果:
Click Version: 6.7
Python Version: 3.6.3 (v3.6.3:2c5fed8, Oct 3 2017, 18:11:49) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
-----------
> --toduhornot
duh...
-----------
>
Usage: test.py [OPTIONS]
Options:
--toduhornot prints "duh..."
-h, --help Show this message and exit.
-----------
> --help
Usage: test.py [OPTIONS]
Options:
--toduhornot prints "duh..."
-h, --help Show this message and exit.
-----------
> -h
Usage: test.py [OPTIONS]
Options:
--toduhornot prints "duh..."
-h, --help Show this message and exit.
我找到的最简单的方法
import click
@click.command()
@click.option('--option')
@click.pass_context
def run(ctx, option):
if not option:
click.echo(ctx.get_help())
ctx.exit()
从 version 7.1 开始,可以简单地指定 @click.command(no_args_is_help=True)
。