RPi python 脚本无法 运行 来自：/etc/rc.local、crontab、systemd
RPi python script fails to run from: /etc/rc.local, crontab, systemd
我尝试通过 systemctl 从 /etc/rc.local、crontab @reboot 和 systemd 制作此 python 脚本 运行，但没有成功。
python 脚本 运行 在以用户 pi 身份登录时从命令行运行，并顺利退出到后台，没有任何问题。 运行 在提示符下以用户 pi 的身份将其设置为：sh /etc/rc.local
也是如此
任何指导将不胜感激，如下所示：
#!/usr/bin/python
#required libraries
import sys
import ssl
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
import json
from pprint import pprint
import Adafruit_CharLCD as LCD
from textwrap import fill
#Configuration
rootCAPath = "/home/pi/Cigar-Box/certs/rootCA.pem"
certFilePath = "/home/pi/Cigar-Box/certs/xxxxxxxxxx-certificate.pem.crt"
keyFilePath = "/home/pi/Cigar-Box/certs/xxxxxxxxxx-private.pem.key"
iotThing = "Zorua"
clientID = "Zorua"
#Device JSON initialization
device = {'state': {'reported': {'HP':100} } }
device['state']['reported']['color'] = {'r':0, 'g':0, 'b':0}
#Create LCD
lcd = LCD.Adafruit_CharLCDPlate()
#LCD wrapper
def set_lcd_color(R,G,B):
global lcd
device['state']['reported']['color']['r'] = R
device['state']['reported']['color']['g'] = G
device['state']['reported']['color']['b'] = B
lcd.set_color(R, G, B)
def set_lcd_message(message):
global lcd
device['state']['reported']['msg'] = message
lcd.clear()
#Word wrap to fit 16-char wide display and add capitalization
lcd_message = fill(message.capitalize(),16)
lcd.message(lcd_message)
# Initialize the LCD using the pins
set_lcd_message('Initializing...')
set_lcd_color(0, 0, 1)
#called while client tries to establish connection with the server
def on_connect(mqttc, obj, flags, rc):
print "Connecting..."
if rc==0:
print ("Subscriber Connection status code: "+str(rc)+" | Connectionstatus: successful")
#We only want to be notified about things we need to change to stay in sync with AWS
mqttc.subscribe("$aws/things/" + iotThing + "/shadow/update/delta", qos=1)
elif rc==1:
print ("Subscriber Connection status code: "+str(rc)+" | Connection status: Connection refused")
print ("Subscriber Connection status code: "+str(rc))
#called when a topic is successfully subscribed to
def on_subscribe(mqttc, obj, mid, granted_qos):
print("Subscribed: "+str(mid)+" "+str(granted_qos)+"data"+str(obj))
set_lcd_color(0,1,0)
set_lcd_message('Connected!\nReady for input')
#Let AWS know about the current state of the plate so we can tell us what's out of sync
mqttc.publish("$aws/things/" + iotThing + "/shadow/update", json.dumps(device))
#called when a message is received by a topic
#Messages are formatted in JSON
#When working with /update, we might not find all keys all the time, so we need to handle that
def on_message(mqttc, obj, msg):
try:
data = json.loads(msg.payload)
update = data['state']
except:
return
#Look for a message in the update. If it's there, we need to update the display
if 'msg' in update.keys():
try:
set_lcd_message(update['msg'])
except:
print("Could not enact message from topic: "+msg.topic+" | QoS: "+str(msg.qos)+" | Data Received: "+str(msg.payload))
#Look to see if the status of R, G, or B has changed for the display
if 'color' in update.keys():
try: lcd_r = update['color']['r']
except: lcd_r = device['state']['reported']['color']['r']
try: lcd_g = update['color']['g']
except: lcd_g = device['state']['reported']['color']['g']
try: lcd_b = update['color']['b']
except: lcd_b = device['state']['reported']['color']['b']
set_lcd_color(lcd_r,
lcd_g,
lcd_b)
#Let AWS know we've updated the display
mqttc.publish("$aws/things/Zorua/shadow/update", json.dumps(device))
#creating a client with client-id=Zorua
mqttc = mqtt.Client(client_id=clientID)
mqttc.on_connect = on_connect
mqttc.on_reconnect = on_connect
mqttc.on_subscribe = on_subscribe
mqttc.on_message = on_message
#Configure network encryption and authentication options. Enables SSL/TLS support.
#adding client-side certificates and enabling tlsv1.2 support as required by aws-iot service
mqttc.tls_set(rootCAPath,
certfile=certFilePath,
keyfile=keyFilePath,
tls_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, ciphers=None)
#connecting to aws-account-specific-iot-endpoint
print ("About to connect")
mqttc.connect("lettersandnumbers.iot.us-west-2.amazonaws.com", port=8883) #AWS IoT service hostname and portno
#automatically handles reconnecting
mqttc.loop_forever()
位于 /etc/rc.local 的代码随后进行简单的重定向测试以查看 rc.local 是否正常运行
# Default code located inside /etc/rc.local
# Print the IP address
_IP=$(hostname -I) || true
if [ "$_IP" ]; then
printf "My IP address is %s\n" "$_IP" > /home/pi/cigarbox.log
fi
exit 0
######################################################################
# After rebooting RPi = no output to log
pi@cigarbox:~ $ cat cigarbox.log
# Running /etc/rc.local from the command line
pi@cigarbox:~ $ sh /etc/rc.local
# After running /etc/rc.local locally = output to log
pi@cigarbox:~ $ cat cigarbox.log
My IP address is 192.168.0.21
这里是 pi 和 root 的路径
# Running as pi
pi@cigarbox:~ $ echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games
# Running s root
pi@cigarbox:~ $ su - root
Password:
root@cigarbox:~# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
不错。看起来 rc.local 正在表现
# Cat and pipe of boot.log
root@cigarbox:~# cat /var/log/boot.log | grep rc.local
Starting /etc/rc.local Compatibility...
[ OK ] Started /etc/rc.local Compatibility.
不过，我以前试过这个。根据建议，请参阅 python 命令下方注释掉的行和括号中的路径。所以，脚本仍然不会 运行 out of /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.
# Print the IP address
#_IP=$(hostname -I) || true
#if [ "$_IP" ]; then
# printf "My IP address is %s\n" "$_IP" > /home/pi/cigarbox.log
#fi
(python /home/pi/Cigar-Box/CigarBox.py)&
#/usr/bin/python /home/pi/Cigar-Box/CigarBox.py > /home/pi/cigarbox.log 2>&1 &
exit 0
嗯，看来我需要10个好孩子点数才能上传图片。我必须 post 成功完成本组最受赞赏的帮助。谢谢大家..照片 URL 和解决方案。
好的，这是 link 我的语音识别项目的照片，由于我在 Whosebug 的新朋友的支持，该项目现在自动启动：
https://drive.google.com/file/d/19ribELmAnQFy4jfzi5D6I7fk91naS8J7/view?usp=drivesdk
到 运行 python 脚本通过 /etc/rc.local:
1) 使用 sudo /etc/rc.local;
编辑文件
2) 在 exit 0 之前的文件中添加以下内容：
(sleep 10;python /home/pi/Cigar-Box/CigarBox.py)&
括号允许您 运行 在后台执行多个命令。 sleep 10 会将脚本的 运行 延迟 10 秒，因为您的脚本所依赖的某些服务在启动时可能尚不可用 rc.local.
或者，您可以使用 crontab @reboot 自动执行脚本。
使用 crontab：
1) 运行 命令行 sudo crontab -e;
2) 在文件末尾添加命令：
@reboot /usr/bin/python /home/pi/Cigar-Box/CigarBox.py
我尝试通过 systemctl 从 /etc/rc.local、crontab @reboot 和 systemd 制作此 python 脚本 运行，但没有成功。
python 脚本 运行 在以用户 pi 身份登录时从命令行运行，并顺利退出到后台，没有任何问题。 运行 在提示符下以用户 pi 的身份将其设置为：sh /etc/rc.local
也是如此任何指导将不胜感激，如下所示：
#!/usr/bin/python
#required libraries
import sys
import ssl
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
import json
from pprint import pprint
import Adafruit_CharLCD as LCD
from textwrap import fill
#Configuration
rootCAPath = "/home/pi/Cigar-Box/certs/rootCA.pem"
certFilePath = "/home/pi/Cigar-Box/certs/xxxxxxxxxx-certificate.pem.crt"
keyFilePath = "/home/pi/Cigar-Box/certs/xxxxxxxxxx-private.pem.key"
iotThing = "Zorua"
clientID = "Zorua"
#Device JSON initialization
device = {'state': {'reported': {'HP':100} } }
device['state']['reported']['color'] = {'r':0, 'g':0, 'b':0}
#Create LCD
lcd = LCD.Adafruit_CharLCDPlate()
#LCD wrapper
def set_lcd_color(R,G,B):
global lcd
device['state']['reported']['color']['r'] = R
device['state']['reported']['color']['g'] = G
device['state']['reported']['color']['b'] = B
lcd.set_color(R, G, B)
def set_lcd_message(message):
global lcd
device['state']['reported']['msg'] = message
lcd.clear()
#Word wrap to fit 16-char wide display and add capitalization
lcd_message = fill(message.capitalize(),16)
lcd.message(lcd_message)
# Initialize the LCD using the pins
set_lcd_message('Initializing...')
set_lcd_color(0, 0, 1)
#called while client tries to establish connection with the server
def on_connect(mqttc, obj, flags, rc):
print "Connecting..."
if rc==0:
print ("Subscriber Connection status code: "+str(rc)+" | Connectionstatus: successful")
#We only want to be notified about things we need to change to stay in sync with AWS
mqttc.subscribe("$aws/things/" + iotThing + "/shadow/update/delta", qos=1)
elif rc==1:
print ("Subscriber Connection status code: "+str(rc)+" | Connection status: Connection refused")
print ("Subscriber Connection status code: "+str(rc))
#called when a topic is successfully subscribed to
def on_subscribe(mqttc, obj, mid, granted_qos):
print("Subscribed: "+str(mid)+" "+str(granted_qos)+"data"+str(obj))
set_lcd_color(0,1,0)
set_lcd_message('Connected!\nReady for input')
#Let AWS know about the current state of the plate so we can tell us what's out of sync
mqttc.publish("$aws/things/" + iotThing + "/shadow/update", json.dumps(device))
#called when a message is received by a topic
#Messages are formatted in JSON
#When working with /update, we might not find all keys all the time, so we need to handle that
def on_message(mqttc, obj, msg):
try:
data = json.loads(msg.payload)
update = data['state']
except:
return
#Look for a message in the update. If it's there, we need to update the display
if 'msg' in update.keys():
try:
set_lcd_message(update['msg'])
except:
print("Could not enact message from topic: "+msg.topic+" | QoS: "+str(msg.qos)+" | Data Received: "+str(msg.payload))
#Look to see if the status of R, G, or B has changed for the display
if 'color' in update.keys():
try: lcd_r = update['color']['r']
except: lcd_r = device['state']['reported']['color']['r']
try: lcd_g = update['color']['g']
except: lcd_g = device['state']['reported']['color']['g']
try: lcd_b = update['color']['b']
except: lcd_b = device['state']['reported']['color']['b']
set_lcd_color(lcd_r,
lcd_g,
lcd_b)
#Let AWS know we've updated the display
mqttc.publish("$aws/things/Zorua/shadow/update", json.dumps(device))
#creating a client with client-id=Zorua
mqttc = mqtt.Client(client_id=clientID)
mqttc.on_connect = on_connect
mqttc.on_reconnect = on_connect
mqttc.on_subscribe = on_subscribe
mqttc.on_message = on_message
#Configure network encryption and authentication options. Enables SSL/TLS support.
#adding client-side certificates and enabling tlsv1.2 support as required by aws-iot service
mqttc.tls_set(rootCAPath,
certfile=certFilePath,
keyfile=keyFilePath,
tls_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, ciphers=None)
#connecting to aws-account-specific-iot-endpoint
print ("About to connect")
mqttc.connect("lettersandnumbers.iot.us-west-2.amazonaws.com", port=8883) #AWS IoT service hostname and portno
#automatically handles reconnecting
mqttc.loop_forever()
位于 /etc/rc.local 的代码随后进行简单的重定向测试以查看 rc.local 是否正常运行
# Default code located inside /etc/rc.local
# Print the IP address
_IP=$(hostname -I) || true
if [ "$_IP" ]; then
printf "My IP address is %s\n" "$_IP" > /home/pi/cigarbox.log
fi
exit 0
######################################################################
# After rebooting RPi = no output to log
pi@cigarbox:~ $ cat cigarbox.log
# Running /etc/rc.local from the command line
pi@cigarbox:~ $ sh /etc/rc.local
# After running /etc/rc.local locally = output to log
pi@cigarbox:~ $ cat cigarbox.log
My IP address is 192.168.0.21
这里是 pi 和 root 的路径
# Running as pi
pi@cigarbox:~ $ echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games
# Running s root
pi@cigarbox:~ $ su - root
Password:
root@cigarbox:~# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
不错。看起来 rc.local 正在表现
# Cat and pipe of boot.log
root@cigarbox:~# cat /var/log/boot.log | grep rc.local
Starting /etc/rc.local Compatibility...
[ OK ] Started /etc/rc.local Compatibility.
不过，我以前试过这个。根据建议，请参阅 python 命令下方注释掉的行和括号中的路径。所以，脚本仍然不会 运行 out of /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.
# Print the IP address
#_IP=$(hostname -I) || true
#if [ "$_IP" ]; then
# printf "My IP address is %s\n" "$_IP" > /home/pi/cigarbox.log
#fi
(python /home/pi/Cigar-Box/CigarBox.py)&
#/usr/bin/python /home/pi/Cigar-Box/CigarBox.py > /home/pi/cigarbox.log 2>&1 &
exit 0
嗯，看来我需要10个好孩子点数才能上传图片。我必须 post 成功完成本组最受赞赏的帮助。谢谢大家..照片 URL 和解决方案。
好的，这是 link 我的语音识别项目的照片，由于我在 Whosebug 的新朋友的支持，该项目现在自动启动：
https://drive.google.com/file/d/19ribELmAnQFy4jfzi5D6I7fk91naS8J7/view?usp=drivesdk
到 运行 python 脚本通过 /etc/rc.local:
1) 使用 sudo /etc/rc.local;
2) 在 exit 0 之前的文件中添加以下内容：
(sleep 10;python /home/pi/Cigar-Box/CigarBox.py)&
括号允许您 运行 在后台执行多个命令。 sleep 10 会将脚本的 运行 延迟 10 秒，因为您的脚本所依赖的某些服务在启动时可能尚不可用 rc.local.
或者，您可以使用 crontab @reboot 自动执行脚本。
使用 crontab：
1) 运行 命令行 sudo crontab -e;
2) 在文件末尾添加命令：
@reboot /usr/bin/python /home/pi/Cigar-Box/CigarBox.py