如何通过代码在 SceneKit 中设置基于物理的渲染？

Question

我想用PBR呈现一些场景。我创建了金属度和粗糙度纹理并想将其应用于网格。当我尝试在 Xcode 中执行此操作时 - 一切都很好。我可以将这个模型添加到场景中，然后将这个纹理添加到模型中。

但我想以编程方式进行。这是我的代码：

NSData *vertices = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:modelPly->vertices length:modelPly->vertexCount * 3 * sizeof(float)];
SCNGeometrySource *vertexSource = [SCNGeometrySource geometrySourceWithData:vertices
                                                                   semantic:SCNGeometrySourceSemanticVertex
                                                                vectorCount:modelPly->vertexCount
                                                            floatComponents:YES
                                                        componentsPerVector:3
                                                          bytesPerComponent:sizeof(float)
                                                                 dataOffset:0
                                                                 dataStride:sizeof(float) * 3];

// Normal source
NSData *normals = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:modelPly->normals length:modelPly->vertexCount * 3 * sizeof(float)];
SCNGeometrySource *normalSource = [SCNGeometrySource geometrySourceWithData:normals
                                                                   semantic:SCNGeometrySourceSemanticNormal
                                                                vectorCount:modelPly->vertexCount
                                                            floatComponents:YES
                                                        componentsPerVector:3
                                                          bytesPerComponent:sizeof(float)
                                                                 dataOffset:0
                                                                 dataStride:sizeof(float) * 3];


// Texture coordinates source
NSData *facesTextures = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:modelPly->texCoord length:modelPly->vertexCount * 2 * sizeof(float)];
SCNGeometrySource *texcoordSource = [SCNGeometrySource geometrySourceWithData:facesTextures
                                                                     semantic:SCNGeometrySourceSemanticTexcoord
                                                                  vectorCount:modelPly->vertexCount
                                                              floatComponents:YES
                                                          componentsPerVector:2
                                                            bytesPerComponent:sizeof(float)
                                                                   dataOffset:0
                                                                   dataStride:sizeof(float) * 2];


NSData *indicesData = [NSData dataWithBytes:modelPly->indices length:modelPly->indexCount * sizeof(uint) * 3];
SCNGeometryElement *elements = [SCNGeometryElement geometryElementWithData:indicesData
                                                            primitiveType:SCNGeometryPrimitiveTypeTriangles
                                                           primitiveCount:modelPly->indexCount
                                                            bytesPerIndex:sizeof(uint)];

SCNGeometry *geometry = [SCNGeometry geometryWithSources:@[vertexSource, normalSource, texcoordSource] elements:@[elements]];
MDLMesh *mesh = [MDLMesh meshWithSCNGeometry:geometry];

然后我尝试创建 material:

MDLPhysicallyPlausibleScatteringFunction *scatFunction = [MDLPhysicallyPlausibleScatteringFunction new];
MDLMaterial *mdlMaterial = [[MDLMaterial alloc] initWithName:@"material" scatteringFunction:scatFunction];
[mdlMaterial removeAllProperties];
MDLMaterialProperty *bcProperty = [[MDLMaterialProperty alloc] initWithName:@"BaseColor" semantic:MDLMaterialSemanticBaseColor URL:plyItem.textureFileURL];
MDLMaterialProperty *metalnessProperty = [[MDLMaterialProperty alloc] initWithName:@"metallic" semantic:MDLMaterialSemanticMetallic URL:[[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"metalness" withExtension:@"jpg"]];
MDLMaterialProperty *roughnessProperty = [[MDLMaterialProperty alloc] initWithName:@"roughness" semantic:MDLMaterialSemanticRoughness URL:[[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"roughness" withExtension:@"jpg"]];

[mdlMaterial setProperty:bcProperty];
[mdlMaterial setProperty:metalnessProperty];
[mdlMaterial setProperty:roughnessProperty];

并将其应用于我的几何图形：

SCNNode *node = [SCNNode nodeWithMDLObject:mesh];
SCNMaterial *material = [SCNMaterial materialWithMDLMaterial:mdlMaterial];
material.lightingModelName = SCNLightingModelPhysicallyBased;
node.geometry.firstMaterial = material;

如果我检查调试器 mdlMaterial 包含有关粗糙度和金属度的所有信息，但 material 没有。怎么了？

Answer 1

设法仅通过 SCNGeometry 完成。

SCNNode *node = [SCNNode nodeWithGeometry:geometry];
node.geometry.firstMaterial.diffuse.contents = plyItem.textureFileURL;
node.geometry.firstMaterial.metalness.contents = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"metalness" withExtension:@"jpg"] path];
node.geometry.firstMaterial.roughness.contents = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"roughness" withExtension:@"jpg"] path];
node.geometry.firstMaterial.lightingModelName = SCNLightingModelPhysicallyBased;

Answer 2

通过位于 SCNGeometry 中的任何 material 插槽分配它：

// Swift 5.6
let sphereNode = SCNNode(geometry: SCNSphere(radius: 1))
let material = sphereNode.geometry?.firstMaterial
material?.roughness.contents = 0.12
material?.metalness.contents = 0.95
material?.lightingModel = .physicallyBased

// Objective-C
sphereNode.geometry.firstMaterial.roughness.contents = @0.12;
sphereNode.geometry.firstMaterial.metalness.contents = @0.95;
sphereNode.geometry.firstMaterial.lightingModelName = SCNLightingModelPhysicallyBased;

这里是用 Objective-C 编写的用于测试的 macOS 代码示例：

#import "GameViewController.h"

@implementation GameViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    SCNView *sceneView = (SCNView *)self.view;
    SCNScene *scene = [SCNScene scene];
    sceneView.scene = scene;
    sceneView.allowsCameraControl = YES;
    sceneView.autoenablesDefaultLighting = YES;
    sceneView.backgroundColor = [NSColor blackColor];
    
    SCNMaterial *material = [SCNMaterial material];
    material.lightingModelName = SCNLightingModelPhysicallyBased;
    material.diffuse.contents = [NSImage imageNamed:@"YourPicture"];
    material.metalness.contents = [NSColor whiteColor];
    material.roughness.contents = [NSColor blackColor];
    
    SCNNode *sphere = [SCNNode node];
    sphere.geometry = [SCNSphere sphereWithRadius:0.25];
    sphere.geometry.firstMaterial = material;
    [scene.rootNode addChildNode:sphere];
}
@end

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