2 非常快速和简单的查询合并在一起时非常慢

2 very fast and simple queries are terribly slow when merged together

我有这 2 个 table。我正在尝试查找 ID 为 1 的用户已加入的组。 这里有 10 行,每行 table(只是为了显示它们的布局):

PostTable(57,272 行,主键 id):

+----+---------+
| id | groupid |
+----+---------+
|  0 |       1 |
|  1 |       1 |
|  3 |       1 |
|  4 |       1 |
|  5 |       1 |
|  9 |       1 |
| 10 |       1 |
| 13 |       1 |
| 15 |       1 |
| 17 |       1 |
+----+---------+

JoinedGroupsTable(258,404 行,唯一索引 userid,groupid):

+--------+---------+--------+
| id     | groupid | userid |
+--------+---------+--------+
| 258010 |       1 |      1 |
| 258484 |       6 |      1 |
|    172 |       1 |      2 |
|    173 |       2 |      2 |
|    174 |       3 |      2 |
|    175 |       4 |      2 |
|    176 |       5 |      2 |
|    177 |       6 |      2 |
|    178 |       8 |      2 |
|    179 |       9 |      2 |
+--------+---------+--------+

当我尝试 运行 这个查询时,它在将近 3 秒内完成,这真的很慢:

SELECT * FROM posttable p 
WHERE groupid in (SELECT groupid FROM joinedgroupstable WHERE userid=1)
ORDER BY p.ID DESC LIMIt 25;

我也尝试过使用 INNER JOIN 而不是 WHERE IN,但结果大致相同:

SELECT * FROM posttable p 
INNER JOIN joinedgroupstable jg ON userid=1 AND jg.groupid=p.groupid
ORDER BY p.ID DESC LIMIt 25;

这是两个查询的 EXPLAIN SELECT(两个查询的结果相同):

|| *id* || *select_type* || *table* || *partitions* || *type* || *possible_keys* || *key* || *key_len* || *ref* || *rows* || *filtered* || *Extra* ||
|| 1 || SIMPLE || jg ||  || ref || UserID_GroupID,userid || UserID_GroupID || 4 || const || 2 || 100.00 || Using index; Using temporary; Using filesort ||
|| 1 || SIMPLE || p ||  || ref || groupid || groupid || 4 || thyra.jg.groupid || 60 || 100.00 ||  ||

关键是 运行单独执行每个查询非常快:

SELECT * FROM posttable p ORDER BY p.ID DESC LIMIt 25;

SELECT * FROM joinedgroupstable WHERE userid=1

考虑到每个查询 运行 本身超快但合并时很慢,可能有什么问题?

为了加快第一个查询的速度,添加以下索引:

create index ix1 on joinedgroupstable (userid, groupid);

create index ix2 on PostTable (id);

我觉得第二个查询不对。

不同的答案:

create index ix10 on joinedgroupstable (userid);

create index ix11 on posttable (groupid);

select p.* 
  from posttable p
  join joinedgroupstable g on p.groupid = g.groupid
  where g.userid = 1
  order by p.id desc
  limit 25;

如果您的问题被简化了,并且您的 PostTable 包含的列比您向我们展示的要多,那么您的 ORDER BY ... LIMIT ... 子句会导致大量无用的排序。

您可以执行所谓的 "deferred join." 首先获取适当的 id 值,然后使用它们检索行。

select p.* 
  from posttable p
  join (
       select a.id
       from posttable a
       join joinedgroupstable g on a.groupid = g.groupid
      where g.userid = 1
      order by a.id desc
      limit 25
     ) sel on sel.id = p.id
order by p.id desc
limit 25;

这将昂贵的 ORDER BY ... LIMIT ... 操作限制在 id 列,然后使用选择的 id 值仅命中主 table 25 次。

我会用 EXISTS 来代替它也可以表现得更好 :

select p.*
from posttable p 
where exists (select 1 
              from joinedgroupstable jg
              where jg.groupid = p.groupid and jg.userid = 1
              )
order by p.id desc
limit 25;