如何使用具有相同属性的构建器模式和继承

Question

事实上，我想问一下我的做法是否正确，因为我可能不应该在这里使用构建器模式。

我目前有以下 class CsvItem:

public class CsvItem {
    private CsvItemGroup group;
    private CsvItemEntity entity;
    private String att1;
    private String att2;
    private String att3;
    private String att4;
    private String att5;
    private String att6;
    private String att7;
    private String att8;

    CsvItem(
            CsvItemGroup group,
            CsvItemEntity entity,
            String att1,
            String att2,
            String att3,
            String att4,
            String att5,
            String att6,
            String att7,
            String att8) {

        this.group = group;
        this.entity = entity;
        this.att1 = att1;
        this.att2 = att2;
        this.att3 = att3;
        this.att4 = att4;
        this.att5 = att5;
        this.att6 = att6;
        this.att7 = att7;
        this.att8 = att8;
    }
}

我有一些从 CsvItem 扩展而来的子classes，比如 CsvItemA:

public class CsvItemADW extends CsvItem {

    public CsvItemADW(CsvItemEntity entity,
                  String att1,
                  String att2,
                  String att3,
                  String att4,
                  String att5,
                  String att6,
                  String att7,
                  String att8) {

        super(CsvItemGroup.A, entity, att1, att2, att3, att4, att5, att6, att7, att8);
    }
}

这种方法确实有效，如果我有另一个 class，比如 CsvItemB，我只需要修改构造函数即可发送 CsvItemGroup.B.

这里的问题是我想在 superclass 中使用构建器模式，以便仅使用我需要的属性并避免创建具有空值或 null 值的构造函数。

我面临的问题是我不想重复代码，如果我在子classes 中使用构建器模式，我将有很多重复代码。请注意，superclass 和 subclass 具有相同的属性，唯一改变的是 itemGroup。

构建器模式用法示例：

public class CsvItem {

private final CsvItemGroup group;
private final CsvItemEntity entity;
private final String att1;
private final String att2;
private final String att3;
private final String att4;
private final String att5;
private final String att6;
private final String att7;
private final String att8;

private CsvItem(CsvItemBuilder csvItemBuilder) {
    this.group = csvItemBuilder.group;
    this.entity = csvItemBuilder.entity;
    this.att1 = csvItemBuilder.att1;
    this.att2 = csvItemBuilder.att2;
    this.att3 = csvItemBuilder.att3;
    this.att4 = csvItemBuilder.att4;
    this.att5 = csvItemBuilder.att5;
    this.att6 = csvItemBuilder.att6;
    this.att7 = csvItemBuilder.att7;
    this.att8 = csvItemBuilder.att8;
}

public static class CsvItemBuilder{
    private final CsvItemGroup group;
    private final CsvItemEntity entity;
    private String att1;
    private String att2;
    private String att3;
    private String att4;
    private String att5;
    private String att6;
    private String att7;
    private String att8;

    public CsvItemBuilder(CsvItemGroup itemGroup, CsvItemEntity itemEntity) {
        this.group = itemGroup;
        this.entity = itemEntity;
    }

    public CsvItemBuilder withAtt1(String att1) {
        this.att1 = att1;
        return this;
    }

    public CsvItemBuilder withAtt2(String att2) {
        this.att2 = att2;
        return this;
    }

    // ... same with all attX

    public CsvItem build() {
        return new CsvItem(this);
    }
}
}

Answer 1

这听起来像是 class 层次结构 问题的构建器模式（有效 Java）。您的通用 CsvItem 就像本书示例中的披萨：

public abstract class Pizza {
    final Set toppings;

    Pizza(Builder<?> builder) {
        toppings = builder.toppings.clone();
    }

    public enum Topping {HAM, MUSHROOM, ONION, PEPPER, SAUSAGE}

    abstract static class Builder<T extends Builder> {
        EnumSet toppings = EnumSet.noneOf(Topping.class);
        abstract Pizza build();

        public T addTopping(Topping topping) {
            toppings.add(Objects.requireNonNull(topping));
            return self();
        }

        // Subclasses must override this method to return "this"
        protected abstract T self();
    }
}

然后，您的特定 CsvItem 将类似于 NyPizza 和 Calzone：

public class NyPizza extends Pizza {
    private final Size size;

    private NyPizza(Builder builder) {
        super(builder);
        size = builder.size;
    }

    public enum Size {SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE}


    public static class Builder extends Pizza.Builder<Builder> {
        private final Size size;

        public Builder(Size size) {
            this.size = Objects.requireNonNull(size);
        }

        @Override
        public NyPizza build() {
            return new NyPizza(this);
        }

        @Override
        protected Builder self() {
            return this;
        }
    }
}

public class Calzone extends Pizza {
    private final boolean sauceInside;

    private Calzone(Builder builder) {
        super(builder);
        sauceInside = builder.sauceInside;
    }

    public static class Builder extends Pizza.Builder<Builder> {
        private boolean sauceInside = false; // Default

        public Builder sauceInside() {
            sauceInside = true;
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public Calzone build() {
            return new Calzone(this);
        }

        @Override
        protected Builder self() {
            return this;
        }
    }
}

并使用它：

NyPizza pizza = new NyPizza.Builder(SMALL)
 .addTopping(SAUSAGE).addTopping(ONION).build();
Calzone calzone = new Calzone.Builder()
 .addTopping(HAM).sauceInside().build();

希望对您有所帮助。

如何使用具有相同属性的构建器模式和继承

How to use builder pattern and inheritance with same attributes

java

design-patterns

builder-pattern