为 linux 在 windows 子系统上安装 g++

Question

不久前，我在我的机器上为 Linux 激活了 Windows 子系统，但并没有经常使用它。现在我知道我可以用它做什么，这就是为什么我试图在我的 WSL 上安装 gcc/++ 7 并让运行陷入问题。

我的想法是download it and compile it by hand following this guide：

../gcc/configure -v --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --prefix=${HOME}/software/gcc-7.3.0/installDir --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran --disable-multilib

这导致了以下错误：

checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking LIBRARY_PATH variable... ok
checking GCC_EXEC_PREFIX variable... ok
checking whether to place generated files in the source directory... no
checking whether a default linker was specified... no
checking whether a default assembler was specified... no
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc... no
checking for gcc... no
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-cc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-cl.exe... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `$HOME/software/gcc-7.3.0/build':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details.

显然，根本没有安装（？）gcc。至少 gcc 和 cc 产生了 "command not found"。所以我的下一步是通过以下方式安装 gcc：

sudo apt install gcc

这有效：

$ gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.4) 4.8.4 
Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

然而，当从上面尝试配置命令时，我得到：

checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu 
checking LIBRARY_PATH variable... ok
checking GCC_EXEC_PREFIX variable... ok
checking whether to place generated files in the source directory... no
checking whether a default linker was specified... no
checking whether a default assembler was specified... no
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc... x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc
checking for C compiler default output file name...
configure: error: in `/home/seriously-ubuntu/software/gcc-7.3.0/build':
configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables
see `config.log' for more details.

所以我试着手写了一个简单的c程序：

int main() {
    return 42;
}

这暗示某些东西似乎严重损坏

$ gcc foo.c
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find crt1.o: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find crti.o: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lc
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find crtn.o: No such file or directory
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

我什至可以开始修复它的任何想法？如果这有帮助，我什至不介意重置整个 WSL :/

lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS
Release:        16.04
Codename:       xenial

更新：

在所有这一切之前，我尝试通过 apt 安装 gcc7 / g++/ 但没有成功：

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/gcc-7.1
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install gcc-7 g++-7
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
g++-7 : Depends: libstdc++-7-dev (= 7.1.0-10ubuntu1~16.04.york0) but it is not going to be installed
        Depends: libisl15 (>= 0.15) but it is not installable 
gcc-7 : Depends: cpp-7 (= 7.1.0-10ubuntu1~16.04.york0) but it is not going to be installed
        Depends: binutils (>= 2.26.1) but 2.24-5ubuntu14.2 is to be installed
        Depends: libisl15 (>= 0.15) but it is not installable
        Recommends: libc6-dev (>= 2.13-0ubuntu6) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages

更新 2

遗憾的是 none 所建议的方法有所帮助，我最终对 WSL 进行了攻击。显然，更严重的东西坏了。

Answer 1

为什么要编译？您应该能够安装软件包：

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt update
sudo apt install g++-7 -y

验证使用：

gcc-7 --version

见How to install gcc-7 or clang 4.0?

Answer 2

crt1.o 通常作为 libdevc 依赖项（或类似的东西）的一部分提供。我会建议运行ning sudo apt search libc 或 lib6c、libdev、libc-dev 等的一些类似变体。安装这些解决了我最近遇到的类似问题。

否则，运行 find / -iname ctri.o 并使用 export PATH="[folder]:$PATH" 将它出现的文件夹添加到您的 PATH 中，看看是否有帮助。

Answer 3

运行以下

sudo apt install aptitude
sudo aptitude install gcc-7 g++-7

或

sudo apt install aptitude && sudo aptitude install golang gcc-7 g++-7

为 linux 在 windows 子系统上安装 g++

Installing g++ on windows subsystem for linux

linux

gcc

apt

ubuntu-16.04

windows-subsystem-for-linux