如何将鼠标侦听器添加到多个 JLabel[]

Question

我正在制作一个有主菜单的游戏。我想从数组中加载菜单项，以便更有效地向菜单添加新项。我想让 for 循环创建的每个 JLabel 都激活一个鼠标侦听器，这样我就可以检查鼠标是否悬停在它上面并查看它何时被单击。我将如何实现这一目标？

这是我目前正在使用的代码，虽然鼠标侦听器不起作用，但它可以很好地创建 JLabel。

private String[] items = { "Exit", "Mods", "Settings", "New Game", "Play Game" };

private String item_hover_left = "[";
private String item_hover_right = "]";

    private void createItems() {

        GameSound sound = new GameSound();

        int initialY = 951;

        JLabel[] item = new JLabel[items.length];

        for (i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {

            int y = initialY - (101 * i);

            item[i] = new JLabel();
            item[i].setText(items[i]);
            item[i].setForeground(ui_colour);
            item[i].setFont(new Font("Overseer", Font.PLAIN, 50));
            item[i].setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
            item[i].setBounds(1582, y, 328, 99);
            add(item[i]);
            repaint();
            item[i].addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {

                public void mousePressed(MouseEvent pressed) {

                    if (pressed.getButton() == MouseEvent.BUTTON1) {

                        sound.playSound("menu_ok");

                    }

                }

                public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent entered) {

                    item[i].setText(item_hover_left + " " + items[i] + " " + item_hover_right);
                    sound.playSound("menu_hover");

                }

                public void mouseExited(MouseEvent exited) {

                    item[i].setText(items[i]);

                }

            });
        }
    }

Exception in thread "AWT-EventQueue-0" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 5
  at net.fallout.menu.MainMenu.mouseEntered(MainMenu.java:87)
  at java.awt.Component.processMouseEvent(Unknown Source)
  at javax.swing.JComponent.processMouseEvent(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.Component.processEvent(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.Container.processEvent(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.Component.dispatchEventImpl(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.Container.dispatchEventImpl(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.Component.dispatchEvent(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.LightweightDispatcher.retargetMouseEvent(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.LightweightDispatcher.retargetMouseEnterExit(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.LightweightDispatcher.trackMouseEnterExit(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.LightweightDispatcher.processMouseEvent(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.LightweightDispatcher.dispatchEvent(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.Container.dispatchEventImpl(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.Window.dispatchEventImpl(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.Component.dispatchEvent(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEventImpl(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.EventQueue.access0(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.EventQueue.run(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.EventQueue.run(Unknown Source)
  at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
  at > java.security.ProtectionDomain$JavaSecurityAccessImpl.doIntersectionPrivilege(Unknown Source)
  at  java.security.ProtectionDomain$JavaSecurityAccessImpl.doIntersectionPrivilege(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.EventQueue.run(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.EventQueue.run(Unknown Source)
  at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
  at > java.security.ProtectionDomain$JavaSecurityAccessImpl.doIntersectionPrivilege(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEvent(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpOneEventForFilters(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForFilter(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForHierarchy(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(Unknown Source)
  at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.run(Unknown Source)

Answer 1

在你的匿名 class 中，你有这个方法：

public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent entered) {
    item[i].setText(item_hover_left + " " + items[i] + " " + item_hover_right);
    sound.playSound("menu_hover");
}

在其中，您正在使用 i，我可以说它是一个 class 成员变量，因为它只能是那个或 final 局部变量，但是 i 是循环中的增量，所以它只能是一个 class 成员。

问题是 i 随 for 循环而改变，当您完成创建标签时，i = items.length 因为 for (i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {。当事件发生时，item[i] 将指向数组外部，解释异常。

首先，不要为 i 使用 class 成员，保留该值没有意义，会给您带来问题（例如这个）。
我知道你这样做是因为它没有编译，因为你可以在你正在实现的监听器的方法中使用它，但是你可以在循环中使用 final 变量来解决这个问题：

//declare `i` here
for (int i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
    //declare `index` final and assign `i`, each MouseAdapter instance will use the correct `index`
    final int index = i;

    item[i].addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
        public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent entered) {
            item[index].setText(item_hover_left + " " + items[index] + " " + item_hover_right);
            sound.playSound("menu_hover");
        }
    }

daniu 建议的替代方法是将标签声明为 final，因为我过于关注索引问题。

for (int i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
    final JLabel label = new JLabel();
    item[i] = label;

    label.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
        public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent entered) {
            label.setText(item_hover_left + " " + label + " " + item_hover_right);
            sound.playSound("menu_hover");
        }
    }
}

当然还有一个方法，你可以用EventObject.getSource获取事件的来源。你知道它将是一个 JLabel，因为这是一个不能在其他地方使用的匿名 class。

public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent entered) {
    JLabel label = (JLabel)entered.getSource();
    label.setText(item_hover_left + " " + label + " " + item_hover_right);
    sound.playSound("menu_hover");
}

Answer 2

我建议您为 MouseListener 创建一个单独的 class，比如一个内部的，而不是您正在使用的匿名的。

class YourMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
    JLabel label;
    String text;
    YourMouseListener(JLabel label, String text) {
        this.label = label;
        this.text = text;
    }
    // ...
    // use this.label instead of item[i], like this
    public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent entered) {

        label.setText(item_hover_left + " " + text + " " + item_hover_right);
        sound.playSound("menu_hover");

    }
    // ...
}

然后在循环中使用这个 class

JLabel[] item = new JLabel[items.length];

for (i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {


    item[i] = new JLabel(items[i]);
    // ...
    add(item[i]);
    item[i].addMouseListener(new YourMouseListener(item[i], items[i]));
    repaint();
}

您可能甚至不需要 label 成员，因为您可以使用事件的目标将文本设置为。

Answer 3

这是我使用的解决方案。

private void createItems() {

        int initialY = 951;

        JLabel[] item = new JLabel[items.length];

        for (int i = 0; i < item.length; i++) {

            final int selected = i;

            int y = initialY - (101 * selected);

            item[selected] = new JLabel();
            item[selected].setText(items[selected]);
            item[selected].setForeground(ui_colour);
            item[selected].setFont(new Font("Overseer", Font.PLAIN, 50));
            item[selected].setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
            item[selected].setBounds(1582, y, 328, 99);
            add(item[selected]);
            item[i].addMouseListener(new ItemListener(item[i], selected));
            repaint();

        }
    }

class ItemListener extends MouseAdapter {
                GameSound sound = new GameSound();
                JLabel item_label;
        Integer item_index;

        ItemListener(JLabel label, int index) {
            this.item_label = label;
            this.item_index = index;
        }

        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent pressed) {

            if (pressed.getButton() == MouseEvent.BUTTON1) {

                sound.playSound("menu_ok");
                item_selected = item_index;
                checkItem();

            }

        }

        public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent entered) {

            item_label.setText(item_hover_left + " " + items[item_index] + " "
+ item_hover_right);            sound.playSound("menu_hover");

        }

        public void mouseExited(MouseEvent exited) {

            item_label.setText(items[item_index]);

        }

    }

如何将鼠标侦听器添加到多个 JLabel[]

How to add a mouse listener to multiple JLabel[]

java

arrays

for-loop

mouselistener