如何找出 python pandas 数据框列（日期格式）中的空白？

Question

我有一个 pandas 数据框，如下所示：

name,year
AAA,2015-11-02 22:00:00
AAA,2015-11-02 23:00:00
AAA,2015-11-03 00:00:00
AAA,2015-11-03 01:00:00
AAA,2015-11-03 02:00:00
AAA,2015-11-03 05:00:00
ZZZ,2015-09-01 00:00:00
ZZZ,2015-11-01 01:00:00
ZZZ,2015-11-01 07:00:00
ZZZ,2015-11-01 08:00:00
ZZZ,2015-11-01 09:00:00
ZZZ,2015-11-01 12:00:00

我想找出数据框的年份列中与特定名称相关的可用空白。例如，

AAA 名称在“2015-11-03 02:00:00”日期之前有 2 小时的差距。
ZZZ 名称与“2015-11-01 01:00:00”日期相差 5 小时。
ZZZ 名称与“2015-11-01 09:00:00”日期相差 2 小时。

我想生成两个包含以下内容的 csv 文件：

CSV-1:

name,year
AAA,2015-11-02 22:00:00,0
AAA,2015-11-02 23:00:00,0
AAA,2015-11-03 00:00:00,0
AAA,2015-11-03 01:00:00,0
AAA,2015-11-03 02:00:00,2
AAA,2015-11-03 05:00:00,0
ZZZ,2015-09-01 00:00:00,0
ZZZ,2015-11-01 01:00:00,5
ZZZ,2015-11-01 07:00:00,0
ZZZ,2015-11-01 08:00:00,0
ZZZ,2015-11-01 09:00:00,2
ZZZ,2015-11-01 12:00:00,0

CSV-2:

name,prev_year,next_year,gaps
AAA,2015-11-03 02:00:00,2015-11-03 05:00:00,2015-11-03 03:00:00
AAA,2015-11-03 02:00:00,2015-11-03 05:00:00,2015-11-03 04:00:00
ZZZ,2015-11-01 01:00:00,2015-11-01 07:00:00,2015-11-01 02:00:00
ZZZ,2015-11-01 01:00:00,2015-11-01 07:00:00,2015-11-01 03:00:00
ZZZ,2015-11-01 01:00:00,2015-11-01 07:00:00,2015-11-01 04:00:00
ZZZ,2015-11-01 01:00:00,2015-11-01 07:00:00,2015-11-01 05:00:00
ZZZ,2015-11-01 01:00:00,2015-11-01 07:00:00,2015-11-01 06:00:00
ZZZ,2015-11-01 09:00:00,2015-11-01 12:00:00,2015-11-01 10:00:00
ZZZ,2015-11-01 09:00:00,2015-11-01 12:00:00,2015-11-01 11:00:00

我试过如下：

df['year'] = pd.to_datetime(df['year'], format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
mask = df.groupby("name").year.diff() > pd.Timedelta('0 days 01:00:00')

Answer 1

为了让你的差距进入你的数据框，你需要重新分配你生成的 mask。要以总小时数计算，您可以简单地除以 1 小时：

df['year'] = pd.to_datetime(df['year'], format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
df['Gap'] = (df.groupby("name").year.diff() / pd.to_timedelta('1 hour')).fillna(0)

这为我们提供了以下数据框：

   name                year     Gap
0   AAA 2015-11-02 22:00:00     0.0
1   AAA 2015-11-02 23:00:00     1.0
2   AAA 2015-11-03 00:00:00     1.0
3   AAA 2015-11-03 01:00:00     1.0
4   AAA 2015-11-03 02:00:00     1.0
5   AAA 2015-11-03 05:00:00     3.0
6   ZZZ 2015-09-01 00:00:00     0.0
7   ZZZ 2015-11-01 07:00:00     6.0
8   ZZZ 2015-11-01 08:00:00     1.0
9   ZZZ 2015-11-01 09:00:00     1.0
10  ZZZ 2015-11-01 12:00:00     3.0

为了获得开始时间旁边的间隙并与您想要的 "csv-1" 方式一致，我们只需将其向上移动一行并在填充 na 值之前减去一行：

df['Gap'] = ((df.groupby("name").year.diff() / pd.to_timedelta('1 hour')).shift(-1) - 1).fillna(0)

这得到：

   name                year  Gap
0   AAA 2015-11-02 22:00:00  0.0
1   AAA 2015-11-02 23:00:00  0.0
2   AAA 2015-11-03 00:00:00  0.0
3   AAA 2015-11-03 01:00:00  0.0
4   AAA 2015-11-03 02:00:00  2.0
5   AAA 2015-11-03 05:00:00  0.0
6   ZZZ 2015-11-01 01:00:00  5.0
7   ZZZ 2015-11-01 07:00:00  0.0
8   ZZZ 2015-11-01 08:00:00  0.0
9   ZZZ 2015-11-01 09:00:00  2.0
10  ZZZ 2015-11-01 12:00:00  0.0

为了获得您的第二个 csv，我们可以执行以下操作：

df['prev_year'] = df['year']
df['next_year'] = df.groupby('name')['year'].shift(-1)

df.set_index('year', inplace=True)
df = df.groupby('name', as_index=False)\
       .resample(rule='1H')\
       .ffill()\
       .reset_index()

gaps = df[df['year'] != df['prev_year']][['name', 'prev_year', 'next_year', 'year']]

gaps.rename({'year': 'gaps'}, index='columns', inplace=True)

首先我们设置 "before" 和 "after" 列。然后通过将索引更改为 'year'，我们可以使用 .resample() 方法来填充我们所有缺失的时间。通过在重新采样时使用 ffill()，我们将最后一条可用记录复制到我们添加的所有新行中。我们知道，当 'prev_year' != 'year' 时，我们位于帧中以前不存在的行上，因此是空白之一，因此我们只过滤那些行，select 我们的列需要并重命名它们。这给出：

   name           prev_year           next_year                year
5   AAA 2015-11-03 02:00:00 2015-11-03 05:00:00 2015-11-03 03:00:00
6   AAA 2015-11-03 02:00:00 2015-11-03 05:00:00 2015-11-03 04:00:00
9   ZZZ 2015-11-01 01:00:00 2015-11-01 07:00:00 2015-11-01 02:00:00
10  ZZZ 2015-11-01 01:00:00 2015-11-01 07:00:00 2015-11-01 03:00:00
11  ZZZ 2015-11-01 01:00:00 2015-11-01 07:00:00 2015-11-01 04:00:00
12  ZZZ 2015-11-01 01:00:00 2015-11-01 07:00:00 2015-11-01 05:00:00
13  ZZZ 2015-11-01 01:00:00 2015-11-01 07:00:00 2015-11-01 06:00:00
17  ZZZ 2015-11-01 09:00:00 2015-11-01 12:00:00 2015-11-01 10:00:00
18  ZZZ 2015-11-01 09:00:00 2015-11-01 12:00:00 2015-11-01 11:00:00

总而言之，您的脚本可能如下所示：

df['year'] = pd.to_datetime(df['year'], format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
df['Gap'] = ((df.groupby("name").year.diff() / pd.to_timedelta('1 hour')).shift(-1) - 1).fillna(0)

df.to_csv('csv-1.csv', index=False)

df['prev_year'] = df['year']
df['next_year'] = df.groupby('name')['year'].shift(-1)

df.set_index('year', inplace=True)
df = df.groupby('name', as_index=False)\
       .resample(rule='1H')\
       .ffill()\
       .reset_index()

gaps = df[df['year'] != df['prev_year']][['name', 'prev_year', 'next_year', 'year']]

gaps.rename({'year': 'gaps'}, index='columns', inplace=True)

gaps.to_csv('csv-2.csv', index=False)

如何找出 python pandas 数据框列（日期格式）中的空白？

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