从 sqlite3 转换为 postgresql
convert from sqlite3 to postgresql
我正在尝试转换我用 sqlite3 构建的 rails 应用程序，但为了使用 heroku，我需要使用 postgresql。我已经尝试了我在网上和这里在 Whosebug 上找到的所有建议，但没有任何运气。你能帮帮我吗？
这是我现在的 database.yml:
# SQLite version 3.x
# gem install sqlite3
#
# Ensure the SQLite 3 gem is defined in your Gemfile
# gem 'sqlite3'
#
default: &default
adapter: sqlite3
pool: 5
timeout: 5000
development:
<<: *default
database: db/development.sqlite3
# Warning: The database defined as "test" will be erased and
# re-generated from your development database when you run "rake".
# Do not set this db to the same as development or production.
test:
<<: *default
database: db/test.sqlite3
production:
<<: *default
database: db/production.sqlite3
我当前的 gemfile：
source 'https://rubygems.org'
# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '4.2.1'
# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
gem 'sqlite3'
# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0'
# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'
# Use CoffeeScript for .coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.1.0'
# See https://github.com/rails/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby
gem 'devise'
gem 'simple_form'
gem 'paperclip'
# Use jquery as the JavaScript library
gem 'jquery-rails'
# Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/rails/turbolinks
gem 'turbolinks'
# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.0'
# bundle exec rake doc:rails generates the API under doc/api.
gem 'sdoc', '~> 0.4.0', group: :doc
# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
# gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'
# Use Unicorn as the app server
# gem 'unicorn'
# Use Capistrano for deployment
# gem 'capistrano-rails', group: :development
group :development, :test do
# Call 'byebug' anywhere in the code to stop execution and get a debugger console
gem 'byebug'
# Access an IRB console on exception pages or by using <%= console %> in views
gem 'web-console', '~> 2.0'
# Spring speeds up development by keeping your application running in the background. Read more: https://github.com/rails/spring
gem 'spring'
end
我的gemfile.lock:
GEM
remote: https://rubygems.org/
specs:
actionmailer (4.2.1)
actionpack (= 4.2.1)
actionview (= 4.2.1)
activejob (= 4.2.1)
mail (~> 2.5, >= 2.5.4)
rails-dom-testing (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.5)
actionpack (4.2.1)
actionview (= 4.2.1)
activesupport (= 4.2.1)
rack (~> 1.6)
rack-test (~> 0.6.2)
rails-dom-testing (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.5)
rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.1)
actionview (4.2.1)
activesupport (= 4.2.1)
builder (~> 3.1)
erubis (~> 2.7.0)
rails-dom-testing (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.5)
rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.1)
activejob (4.2.1)
activesupport (= 4.2.1)
globalid (>= 0.3.0)
activemodel (4.2.1)
activesupport (= 4.2.1)
builder (~> 3.1)
activerecord (4.2.1)
activemodel (= 4.2.1)
activesupport (= 4.2.1)
arel (~> 6.0)
activesupport (4.2.1)
i18n (~> 0.7)
json (~> 1.7, >= 1.7.7)
minitest (~> 5.1)
thread_safe (~> 0.3, >= 0.3.4)
tzinfo (~> 1.1)
arel (6.0.0)
bcrypt (3.1.10)
binding_of_caller (0.7.2)
debug_inspector (>= 0.0.1)
builder (3.2.2)
byebug (4.0.5)
columnize (= 0.9.0)
climate_control (0.0.3)
activesupport (>= 3.0)
cocaine (0.5.7)
climate_control (>= 0.0.3, < 1.0)
coffee-rails (4.1.0)
coffee-script (>= 2.2.0)
railties (>= 4.0.0, < 5.0)
coffee-script (2.4.1)
coffee-script-source
execjs
coffee-script-source (1.9.1.1)
columnize (0.9.0)
debug_inspector (0.0.2)
devise (3.4.1)
bcrypt (~> 3.0)
orm_adapter (~> 0.1)
railties (>= 3.2.6, < 5)
responders
thread_safe (~> 0.1)
warden (~> 1.2.3)
erubis (2.7.0)
execjs (2.5.2)
globalid (0.3.5)
activesupport (>= 4.1.0)
i18n (0.7.0)
jbuilder (2.2.13)
activesupport (>= 3.0.0, < 5)
multi_json (~> 1.2)
jquery-rails (4.0.3)
rails-dom-testing (~> 1.0)
railties (>= 4.2.0)
thor (>= 0.14, < 2.0)
json (1.8.2)
loofah (2.0.1)
nokogiri (>= 1.5.9)
mail (2.6.3)
mime-types (>= 1.16, < 3)
mime-types (2.4.3)
mini_portile (0.6.2)
minitest (5.6.0)
multi_json (1.11.0)
nokogiri (1.6.6.2)
mini_portile (~> 0.6.0)
orm_adapter (0.5.0)
paperclip (4.2.1)
activemodel (>= 3.0.0)
activesupport (>= 3.0.0)
cocaine (~> 0.5.3)
mime-types
rack (1.6.0)
rack-test (0.6.3)
rack (>= 1.0)
rails (4.2.1)
actionmailer (= 4.2.1)
actionpack (= 4.2.1)
actionview (= 4.2.1)
activejob (= 4.2.1)
activemodel (= 4.2.1)
activerecord (= 4.2.1)
activesupport (= 4.2.1)
bundler (>= 1.3.0, < 2.0)
railties (= 4.2.1)
sprockets-rails
rails-deprecated_sanitizer (1.0.3)
activesupport (>= 4.2.0.alpha)
rails-dom-testing (1.0.6)
activesupport (>= 4.2.0.beta, < 5.0)
nokogiri (~> 1.6.0)
rails-deprecated_sanitizer (>= 1.0.1)
rails-html-sanitizer (1.0.2)
loofah (~> 2.0)
railties (4.2.1)
actionpack (= 4.2.1)
activesupport (= 4.2.1)
rake (>= 0.8.7)
thor (>= 0.18.1, < 2.0)
rake (10.4.2)
rdoc (4.2.0)
responders (2.1.0)
railties (>= 4.2.0, < 5)
rest-client (1.6.7)
mime-types (>= 1.16)
sass (3.4.13)
sass-rails (5.0.3)
railties (>= 4.0.0, < 5.0)
sass (~> 3.1)
sprockets (>= 2.8, < 4.0)
sprockets-rails (>= 2.0, < 4.0)
tilt (~> 1.1)
sdoc (0.4.1)
json (~> 1.7, >= 1.7.7)
rdoc (~> 4.0)
sequel (3.20.0)
simple_form (3.1.0)
actionpack (~> 4.0)
activemodel (~> 4.0)
sinatra (1.0)
rack (>= 1.0)
spring (1.3.4)
sprockets (3.0.1)
rack (~> 1.0)
sprockets-rails (2.2.4)
actionpack (>= 3.0)
activesupport (>= 3.0)
sprockets (>= 2.8, < 4.0)
sqlite3 (1.3.10)
taps (0.3.24)
rack (>= 1.0.1)
rest-client (>= 1.4.0, < 1.7.0)
sequel (~> 3.20.0)
sinatra (~> 1.0.0)
thor (0.19.1)
thread_safe (0.3.5)
tilt (1.4.1)
turbolinks (2.5.3)
coffee-rails
tzinfo (1.2.2)
thread_safe (~> 0.1)
uglifier (2.7.1)
execjs (>= 0.3.0)
json (>= 1.8.0)
warden (1.2.3)
rack (>= 1.0)
web-console (2.1.2)
activemodel (>= 4.0)
binding_of_caller (>= 0.7.2)
railties (>= 4.0)
sprockets-rails (>= 2.0, < 4.0)
PLATFORMS
ruby
DEPENDENCIES
byebug
coffee-rails (~> 4.1.0)
devise
jbuilder (~> 2.0)
jquery-rails
paperclip
rails (= 4.2.1)
sass-rails (~> 5.0)
sdoc (~> 0.4.0)
simple_form
spring
sqlite3
taps (~> 0.3.22)
turbolinks
uglifier (>= 1.3.0)
web-console (~> 2.0)
现在出现此错误：
remote:
remote: Gem files will remain installed in /tmp/build_efbe3fb311a683f3c20ccebf588383f4/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.0.0/gems/sqlite3-1.3.10 for inspection.
remote: Results logged to /tmp/build_efbe3fb311a683f3c20ccebf588383f4/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.0.0/gems/sqlite3-1.3.10/ext/sqlite3/gem_make.out
remote: Installing tilt 1.4.1
remote: Installing bcrypt 3.1.10
remote: An error occurred while installing sqlite3 (1.3.10), and Bundler cannot
remote: continue.
remote: Make sure that `gem install sqlite3 -v '1.3.10'` succeeds before bundling.
remote: !
remote: ! Failed to install gems via Bundler.
remote: !
remote: ! Detected sqlite3 gem which is not supported on Heroku.
remote: ! https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/sqlite3
您需要将 PostgresQL gem 包含到您的 Gemfile
gem 'pg'
我还推荐使用 Rails 12 因子应用程序 gem。当您的应用程序在生产环境中使用时，它基本上会预编译您的资产并自动为 heroku 准备好一切：
gem 'rails_12factor', group: :production
将数据库配置的生产部分更改为：
production:
adapter: postgresql
pool: 5
timeout: 5000
我最近 wrote a short blog on how to start using Rails with Heroku for some more information if it helps. Here's a quick link to a great guide by Heroku 如果你还没有看过的话。
由于您现在在生产环境中使用 Postresql，而且 Heroku 不支持 sqlite。您必须将 Gemfile 更改为只为您的开发和测试环境安装 sqlite（除非您希望它们也使用 postgres）。
group :development, :test do
gem 'sqlite3'
end
我正在尝试转换我用 sqlite3 构建的 rails 应用程序，但为了使用 heroku，我需要使用 postgresql。我已经尝试了我在网上和这里在 Whosebug 上找到的所有建议，但没有任何运气。你能帮帮我吗？
这是我现在的 database.yml:
# SQLite version 3.x
# gem install sqlite3
#
# Ensure the SQLite 3 gem is defined in your Gemfile
# gem 'sqlite3'
#
default: &default
adapter: sqlite3
pool: 5
timeout: 5000
development:
<<: *default
database: db/development.sqlite3
# Warning: The database defined as "test" will be erased and
# re-generated from your development database when you run "rake".
# Do not set this db to the same as development or production.
test:
<<: *default
database: db/test.sqlite3
production:
<<: *default
database: db/production.sqlite3
我当前的 gemfile：
source 'https://rubygems.org'
# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '4.2.1'
# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
gem 'sqlite3'
# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0'
# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'
# Use CoffeeScript for .coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.1.0'
# See https://github.com/rails/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby
gem 'devise'
gem 'simple_form'
gem 'paperclip'
# Use jquery as the JavaScript library
gem 'jquery-rails'
# Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/rails/turbolinks
gem 'turbolinks'
# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.0'
# bundle exec rake doc:rails generates the API under doc/api.
gem 'sdoc', '~> 0.4.0', group: :doc
# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
# gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'
# Use Unicorn as the app server
# gem 'unicorn'
# Use Capistrano for deployment
# gem 'capistrano-rails', group: :development
group :development, :test do
# Call 'byebug' anywhere in the code to stop execution and get a debugger console
gem 'byebug'
# Access an IRB console on exception pages or by using <%= console %> in views
gem 'web-console', '~> 2.0'
# Spring speeds up development by keeping your application running in the background. Read more: https://github.com/rails/spring
gem 'spring'
end
我的gemfile.lock:
GEM
remote: https://rubygems.org/
specs:
actionmailer (4.2.1)
actionpack (= 4.2.1)
actionview (= 4.2.1)
activejob (= 4.2.1)
mail (~> 2.5, >= 2.5.4)
rails-dom-testing (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.5)
actionpack (4.2.1)
actionview (= 4.2.1)
activesupport (= 4.2.1)
rack (~> 1.6)
rack-test (~> 0.6.2)
rails-dom-testing (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.5)
rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.1)
actionview (4.2.1)
activesupport (= 4.2.1)
builder (~> 3.1)
erubis (~> 2.7.0)
rails-dom-testing (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.5)
rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.1)
activejob (4.2.1)
activesupport (= 4.2.1)
globalid (>= 0.3.0)
activemodel (4.2.1)
activesupport (= 4.2.1)
builder (~> 3.1)
activerecord (4.2.1)
activemodel (= 4.2.1)
activesupport (= 4.2.1)
arel (~> 6.0)
activesupport (4.2.1)
i18n (~> 0.7)
json (~> 1.7, >= 1.7.7)
minitest (~> 5.1)
thread_safe (~> 0.3, >= 0.3.4)
tzinfo (~> 1.1)
arel (6.0.0)
bcrypt (3.1.10)
binding_of_caller (0.7.2)
debug_inspector (>= 0.0.1)
builder (3.2.2)
byebug (4.0.5)
columnize (= 0.9.0)
climate_control (0.0.3)
activesupport (>= 3.0)
cocaine (0.5.7)
climate_control (>= 0.0.3, < 1.0)
coffee-rails (4.1.0)
coffee-script (>= 2.2.0)
railties (>= 4.0.0, < 5.0)
coffee-script (2.4.1)
coffee-script-source
execjs
coffee-script-source (1.9.1.1)
columnize (0.9.0)
debug_inspector (0.0.2)
devise (3.4.1)
bcrypt (~> 3.0)
orm_adapter (~> 0.1)
railties (>= 3.2.6, < 5)
responders
thread_safe (~> 0.1)
warden (~> 1.2.3)
erubis (2.7.0)
execjs (2.5.2)
globalid (0.3.5)
activesupport (>= 4.1.0)
i18n (0.7.0)
jbuilder (2.2.13)
activesupport (>= 3.0.0, < 5)
multi_json (~> 1.2)
jquery-rails (4.0.3)
rails-dom-testing (~> 1.0)
railties (>= 4.2.0)
thor (>= 0.14, < 2.0)
json (1.8.2)
loofah (2.0.1)
nokogiri (>= 1.5.9)
mail (2.6.3)
mime-types (>= 1.16, < 3)
mime-types (2.4.3)
mini_portile (0.6.2)
minitest (5.6.0)
multi_json (1.11.0)
nokogiri (1.6.6.2)
mini_portile (~> 0.6.0)
orm_adapter (0.5.0)
paperclip (4.2.1)
activemodel (>= 3.0.0)
activesupport (>= 3.0.0)
cocaine (~> 0.5.3)
mime-types
rack (1.6.0)
rack-test (0.6.3)
rack (>= 1.0)
rails (4.2.1)
actionmailer (= 4.2.1)
actionpack (= 4.2.1)
actionview (= 4.2.1)
activejob (= 4.2.1)
activemodel (= 4.2.1)
activerecord (= 4.2.1)
activesupport (= 4.2.1)
bundler (>= 1.3.0, < 2.0)
railties (= 4.2.1)
sprockets-rails
rails-deprecated_sanitizer (1.0.3)
activesupport (>= 4.2.0.alpha)
rails-dom-testing (1.0.6)
activesupport (>= 4.2.0.beta, < 5.0)
nokogiri (~> 1.6.0)
rails-deprecated_sanitizer (>= 1.0.1)
rails-html-sanitizer (1.0.2)
loofah (~> 2.0)
railties (4.2.1)
actionpack (= 4.2.1)
activesupport (= 4.2.1)
rake (>= 0.8.7)
thor (>= 0.18.1, < 2.0)
rake (10.4.2)
rdoc (4.2.0)
responders (2.1.0)
railties (>= 4.2.0, < 5)
rest-client (1.6.7)
mime-types (>= 1.16)
sass (3.4.13)
sass-rails (5.0.3)
railties (>= 4.0.0, < 5.0)
sass (~> 3.1)
sprockets (>= 2.8, < 4.0)
sprockets-rails (>= 2.0, < 4.0)
tilt (~> 1.1)
sdoc (0.4.1)
json (~> 1.7, >= 1.7.7)
rdoc (~> 4.0)
sequel (3.20.0)
simple_form (3.1.0)
actionpack (~> 4.0)
activemodel (~> 4.0)
sinatra (1.0)
rack (>= 1.0)
spring (1.3.4)
sprockets (3.0.1)
rack (~> 1.0)
sprockets-rails (2.2.4)
actionpack (>= 3.0)
activesupport (>= 3.0)
sprockets (>= 2.8, < 4.0)
sqlite3 (1.3.10)
taps (0.3.24)
rack (>= 1.0.1)
rest-client (>= 1.4.0, < 1.7.0)
sequel (~> 3.20.0)
sinatra (~> 1.0.0)
thor (0.19.1)
thread_safe (0.3.5)
tilt (1.4.1)
turbolinks (2.5.3)
coffee-rails
tzinfo (1.2.2)
thread_safe (~> 0.1)
uglifier (2.7.1)
execjs (>= 0.3.0)
json (>= 1.8.0)
warden (1.2.3)
rack (>= 1.0)
web-console (2.1.2)
activemodel (>= 4.0)
binding_of_caller (>= 0.7.2)
railties (>= 4.0)
sprockets-rails (>= 2.0, < 4.0)
PLATFORMS
ruby
DEPENDENCIES
byebug
coffee-rails (~> 4.1.0)
devise
jbuilder (~> 2.0)
jquery-rails
paperclip
rails (= 4.2.1)
sass-rails (~> 5.0)
sdoc (~> 0.4.0)
simple_form
spring
sqlite3
taps (~> 0.3.22)
turbolinks
uglifier (>= 1.3.0)
web-console (~> 2.0)
现在出现此错误：
remote:
remote: Gem files will remain installed in /tmp/build_efbe3fb311a683f3c20ccebf588383f4/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.0.0/gems/sqlite3-1.3.10 for inspection.
remote: Results logged to /tmp/build_efbe3fb311a683f3c20ccebf588383f4/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.0.0/gems/sqlite3-1.3.10/ext/sqlite3/gem_make.out
remote: Installing tilt 1.4.1
remote: Installing bcrypt 3.1.10
remote: An error occurred while installing sqlite3 (1.3.10), and Bundler cannot
remote: continue.
remote: Make sure that `gem install sqlite3 -v '1.3.10'` succeeds before bundling.
remote: !
remote: ! Failed to install gems via Bundler.
remote: !
remote: ! Detected sqlite3 gem which is not supported on Heroku.
remote: ! https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/sqlite3
您需要将 PostgresQL gem 包含到您的 Gemfile
gem 'pg'
我还推荐使用 Rails 12 因子应用程序 gem。当您的应用程序在生产环境中使用时，它基本上会预编译您的资产并自动为 heroku 准备好一切：
gem 'rails_12factor', group: :production
将数据库配置的生产部分更改为：
production:
adapter: postgresql
pool: 5
timeout: 5000
我最近 wrote a short blog on how to start using Rails with Heroku for some more information if it helps. Here's a quick link to a great guide by Heroku 如果你还没有看过的话。
由于您现在在生产环境中使用 Postresql，而且 Heroku 不支持 sqlite。您必须将 Gemfile 更改为只为您的开发和测试环境安装 sqlite（除非您希望它们也使用 postgres）。
group :development, :test do
gem 'sqlite3'
end