如何使用 Linux shell 脚本自定义 Webconverger 的 ISO 映像？
How can I customise an ISO image of Webconverger with a Linux shell script?
我想写一个简单的 shell 脚本，下载 Webconverger 的最新 ISO 映像并更改 /boot/live.cfg 中 grub 的引导参数。
这就是我到目前为止所做的：
#!/bin/bash
# 1. Download the ISO
wget https://build.webconverger.com/latest.iso
# 2. Mount the ISO and create a development folder
sudo mkdir /mnt/webconverger
sudo mount -o loop latest.iso /mnt/webconverger
mkdir devfolder
rsync -av /mnt/webconverger/ devfolder/
sudo umount /mnt/webconverger
sudo rm -r /mnt/webconverger
# 3. Change the file in the development folder.
chmod -R 777 devfolder/
rm devfolder/boot/live.cfg
echo \
"DEFAULT de
label de
menu label Start
kernel /live/vmlinuz
append initrd=/live/initrd.img boot=live skipconfig quiet splash components=gitfs net.ifnames=0 bootfrom=removable locale=de xkb=-layout%20de homepage=https://www.google.de/" \
> devfolder/boot/live.cfg
# 4. Create a new ISO image
mkisofs -o new.iso -l devfolder
rm -r devfolder/
生成的 ISO 无法启动。
我假设问题的原因是，我必须 运行 具有 root 权限的整个脚本和 我需要一个更复杂的 mkisofs 命令。
有人知道如何使用 shell 脚本为 Webconverger 生成正确的 ISO 映像吗？或者整个过程是否有替代方法？类似于 ISO Master 但用于命令行？
更新
我已将代码片段替换为实际的 shell 脚本。所以更容易测试。这是命令行输出（没有 wget 部分）：
mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
sending incremental file list
./
boot/
boot/boot.bin
boot/boot.cat
boot/live.cfg
boot/syslinux/
boot/syslinux/ldlinux.c32
boot/syslinux/libcom32.c32
boot/syslinux/libutil.c32
boot/syslinux/splash.png
boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg
boot/syslinux/vesainfo.c32
boot/syslinux/vesamenu.c32
live/
live/initrd.img
live/vmlinuz
live/filesystem.git/
live/filesystem.git/HEAD
live/filesystem.git/config
live/filesystem.git/description
live/filesystem.git/packed-refs
live/filesystem.git/shallow
live/filesystem.git/branches/
live/filesystem.git/hooks/
live/filesystem.git/hooks/applypatch-msg.sample
live/filesystem.git/hooks/commit-msg.sample
live/filesystem.git/hooks/post-update.sample
live/filesystem.git/hooks/pre-applypatch.sample
live/filesystem.git/hooks/pre-commit.sample
live/filesystem.git/hooks/pre-push.sample
live/filesystem.git/hooks/pre-rebase.sample
live/filesystem.git/hooks/pre-receive.sample
live/filesystem.git/hooks/prepare-commit-msg.sample
live/filesystem.git/hooks/update.sample
live/filesystem.git/info/
live/filesystem.git/info/exclude
live/filesystem.git/objects/
live/filesystem.git/objects/info/
live/filesystem.git/objects/pack/
live/filesystem.git/objects/pack/pack-1aa978c13266848f4644754d1875dc90ec4bfcdb.idx
live/filesystem.git/objects/pack/pack-1aa978c13266848f4644754d1875dc90ec4bfcdb.pack
live/filesystem.git/refs/
live/filesystem.git/refs/heads/
live/filesystem.git/refs/heads/master
live/filesystem.git/refs/remotes/
live/filesystem.git/refs/remotes/origin/
live/filesystem.git/refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
live/filesystem.git/refs/tags/
live/filesystem.git/refs/tags/initial-revision
sent 598,528,659 bytes received 726 bytes 239,411,754.00 bytes/sec
total size is 598,380,033 speedup is 1.00
I: -input-charset not specified, using utf-8 (detected in locale settings)
1.71% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:54 2018
3.42% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:54 2018
5.13% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:13:13 2018
6.84% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:13:08 2018
8.55% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:13:05 2018
10.26% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:13:03 2018
11.97% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:13:02 2018
13.68% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:13:01 2018
15.39% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:13:00 2018
17.10% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:59 2018
18.81% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:59 2018
20.52% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:58 2018
22.23% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:58 2018
23.94% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:58 2018
25.65% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:57 2018
27.36% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:57 2018
29.07% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:57 2018
30.78% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:57 2018
32.49% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:57 2018
34.20% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
35.91% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
37.62% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
39.33% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
41.04% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
42.75% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
44.46% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
46.17% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
47.88% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
49.59% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
51.30% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
53.02% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
54.72% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
56.44% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
58.14% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
59.86% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
61.56% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
63.28% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
64.98% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
66.70% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
68.40% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
70.12% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
71.82% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
73.54% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
75.24% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
76.96% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
78.66% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
80.38% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
82.08% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
83.80% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
85.50% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
87.22% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
88.92% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
90.64% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
92.34% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
94.06% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
95.76% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
97.48% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
99.18% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
Total translation table size: 0
Total rockridge attributes bytes: 0
Total directory bytes: 30720
Path table size(bytes): 222
Max brk space used 2b000
292387 extents written (571 MB)
这是我在 VirtualBox 中得到的：
Click here!
您想要做的是生成一张 El Torito 可引导 CD，其第一个字节为 MBR。
mkisofs(8) 需要一些特殊选项来创建 "El Torito" 可启动 CD：
mkisofs -r -J -l -V "Webconverger" -b boot/boot.bin -c boot/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -o new.iso devfolder
解释：
-r -J: Enable Joliet and Rock Ridge meta data.
-l: Allow long filenames.
-V: Set volume ID. Optional.
-b: Specify the "El Torito" boot image.
-c: Specify the "El Torito" boot catalog.
-no-emul-boot: Specify that this is an "El Torito" bootable CD.
-boot-load-size: number of 512 bytes sector to load (4 is what usually works)
-boot-info-table: modify the original boot image appending the Boot Info Table
然后，如果您只想 dd USB 驱动器上的文件，您需要将 MBR 写入 ISO：
isohybrid new.iso
所以问题的完整答案是：
#!/bin/bash
# 1. Download the ISO
wget https://build.webconverger.com/latest.iso
# 2. Mount the ISO and create a development folder
sudo mkdir /mnt/webconverger
sudo mount -o loop latest.iso /mnt/webconverger
mkdir devfolder
rsync -av /mnt/webconverger/ devfolder/
sudo umount /mnt/webconverger
sudo rm -r /mnt/webconverger
# 3. Change the file in the development folder.
echo \
"DEFAULT de
label de
menu label Start
kernel /live/vmlinuz
append initrd=/live/initrd.img boot=live skipconfig quiet splash components=gitfs net.ifnames=0 bootfrom=removable locale=de xkb=-layout%20de homepage=https://duckduckgo.com nobrand" \
| sudo tee devfolder/boot/live.cfg
# 4. Create a new ISO image
sudo mkisofs -r -J -l -V "Webconverger" -b boot/boot.bin -c boot/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -o new.iso devfolder
sudo isohybrid new.iso
sudo rm -r devfolder/
出于某种原因，dd 不适用于 Webconverger 图像。即使是未触及的 latest.iso 也无法创建可启动的 USB 闪存驱动器。所以我用了Win32DiskImager.
我想写一个简单的 shell 脚本，下载 Webconverger 的最新 ISO 映像并更改 /boot/live.cfg 中 grub 的引导参数。
这就是我到目前为止所做的：
#!/bin/bash
# 1. Download the ISO
wget https://build.webconverger.com/latest.iso
# 2. Mount the ISO and create a development folder
sudo mkdir /mnt/webconverger
sudo mount -o loop latest.iso /mnt/webconverger
mkdir devfolder
rsync -av /mnt/webconverger/ devfolder/
sudo umount /mnt/webconverger
sudo rm -r /mnt/webconverger
# 3. Change the file in the development folder.
chmod -R 777 devfolder/
rm devfolder/boot/live.cfg
echo \
"DEFAULT de
label de
menu label Start
kernel /live/vmlinuz
append initrd=/live/initrd.img boot=live skipconfig quiet splash components=gitfs net.ifnames=0 bootfrom=removable locale=de xkb=-layout%20de homepage=https://www.google.de/" \
> devfolder/boot/live.cfg
# 4. Create a new ISO image
mkisofs -o new.iso -l devfolder
rm -r devfolder/
生成的 ISO 无法启动。
我假设问题的原因是，我必须 运行 具有 root 权限的整个脚本和 我需要一个更复杂的 mkisofs 命令。
有人知道如何使用 shell 脚本为 Webconverger 生成正确的 ISO 映像吗？或者整个过程是否有替代方法？类似于 ISO Master 但用于命令行？
更新
我已将代码片段替换为实际的 shell 脚本。所以更容易测试。这是命令行输出（没有 wget 部分）：
mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
sending incremental file list
./
boot/
boot/boot.bin
boot/boot.cat
boot/live.cfg
boot/syslinux/
boot/syslinux/ldlinux.c32
boot/syslinux/libcom32.c32
boot/syslinux/libutil.c32
boot/syslinux/splash.png
boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg
boot/syslinux/vesainfo.c32
boot/syslinux/vesamenu.c32
live/
live/initrd.img
live/vmlinuz
live/filesystem.git/
live/filesystem.git/HEAD
live/filesystem.git/config
live/filesystem.git/description
live/filesystem.git/packed-refs
live/filesystem.git/shallow
live/filesystem.git/branches/
live/filesystem.git/hooks/
live/filesystem.git/hooks/applypatch-msg.sample
live/filesystem.git/hooks/commit-msg.sample
live/filesystem.git/hooks/post-update.sample
live/filesystem.git/hooks/pre-applypatch.sample
live/filesystem.git/hooks/pre-commit.sample
live/filesystem.git/hooks/pre-push.sample
live/filesystem.git/hooks/pre-rebase.sample
live/filesystem.git/hooks/pre-receive.sample
live/filesystem.git/hooks/prepare-commit-msg.sample
live/filesystem.git/hooks/update.sample
live/filesystem.git/info/
live/filesystem.git/info/exclude
live/filesystem.git/objects/
live/filesystem.git/objects/info/
live/filesystem.git/objects/pack/
live/filesystem.git/objects/pack/pack-1aa978c13266848f4644754d1875dc90ec4bfcdb.idx
live/filesystem.git/objects/pack/pack-1aa978c13266848f4644754d1875dc90ec4bfcdb.pack
live/filesystem.git/refs/
live/filesystem.git/refs/heads/
live/filesystem.git/refs/heads/master
live/filesystem.git/refs/remotes/
live/filesystem.git/refs/remotes/origin/
live/filesystem.git/refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
live/filesystem.git/refs/tags/
live/filesystem.git/refs/tags/initial-revision
sent 598,528,659 bytes received 726 bytes 239,411,754.00 bytes/sec
total size is 598,380,033 speedup is 1.00
I: -input-charset not specified, using utf-8 (detected in locale settings)
1.71% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:54 2018
3.42% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:54 2018
5.13% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:13:13 2018
6.84% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:13:08 2018
8.55% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:13:05 2018
10.26% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:13:03 2018
11.97% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:13:02 2018
13.68% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:13:01 2018
15.39% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:13:00 2018
17.10% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:59 2018
18.81% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:59 2018
20.52% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:58 2018
22.23% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:58 2018
23.94% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:58 2018
25.65% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:57 2018
27.36% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:57 2018
29.07% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:57 2018
30.78% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:57 2018
32.49% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:57 2018
34.20% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
35.91% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
37.62% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
39.33% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
41.04% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
42.75% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
44.46% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
46.17% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
47.88% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
49.59% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:56 2018
51.30% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
53.02% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
54.72% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
56.44% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
58.14% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
59.86% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
61.56% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
63.28% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
64.98% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
66.70% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
68.40% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
70.12% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
71.82% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
73.54% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
75.24% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
76.96% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
78.66% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
80.38% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
82.08% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
83.80% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
85.50% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
87.22% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
88.92% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
90.64% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
92.34% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
94.06% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
95.76% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
97.48% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
99.18% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 10 20:12:55 2018
Total translation table size: 0
Total rockridge attributes bytes: 0
Total directory bytes: 30720
Path table size(bytes): 222
Max brk space used 2b000
292387 extents written (571 MB)
这是我在 VirtualBox 中得到的： Click here!
您想要做的是生成一张 El Torito 可引导 CD，其第一个字节为 MBR。
mkisofs(8) 需要一些特殊选项来创建 "El Torito" 可启动 CD：
mkisofs -r -J -l -V "Webconverger" -b boot/boot.bin -c boot/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -o new.iso devfolder
解释：
-r -J: Enable Joliet and Rock Ridge meta data.
-l: Allow long filenames.
-V: Set volume ID. Optional.
-b: Specify the "El Torito" boot image.
-c: Specify the "El Torito" boot catalog.
-no-emul-boot: Specify that this is an "El Torito" bootable CD.
-boot-load-size: number of 512 bytes sector to load (4 is what usually works)
-boot-info-table: modify the original boot image appending the Boot Info Table
然后，如果您只想 dd USB 驱动器上的文件，您需要将 MBR 写入 ISO：
isohybrid new.iso
所以问题的完整答案是：
#!/bin/bash
# 1. Download the ISO
wget https://build.webconverger.com/latest.iso
# 2. Mount the ISO and create a development folder
sudo mkdir /mnt/webconverger
sudo mount -o loop latest.iso /mnt/webconverger
mkdir devfolder
rsync -av /mnt/webconverger/ devfolder/
sudo umount /mnt/webconverger
sudo rm -r /mnt/webconverger
# 3. Change the file in the development folder.
echo \
"DEFAULT de
label de
menu label Start
kernel /live/vmlinuz
append initrd=/live/initrd.img boot=live skipconfig quiet splash components=gitfs net.ifnames=0 bootfrom=removable locale=de xkb=-layout%20de homepage=https://duckduckgo.com nobrand" \
| sudo tee devfolder/boot/live.cfg
# 4. Create a new ISO image
sudo mkisofs -r -J -l -V "Webconverger" -b boot/boot.bin -c boot/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -o new.iso devfolder
sudo isohybrid new.iso
sudo rm -r devfolder/
出于某种原因，dd 不适用于 Webconverger 图像。即使是未触及的 latest.iso 也无法创建可启动的 USB 闪存驱动器。所以我用了Win32DiskImager.