从 Windows 10 编译 VS2017 在 Windows 7 上部署并且...未找到 DLL
Compile from Windows 10 VS2017 Deploy on Windows 7 and ... DLL not found
2.5 天，我尝试找到像
这样的错误的根源
Could not load file or assembly "mydll.dll" or one of its dependencies.
The specified module could not be found
该项目是一个 Windows 基于 C# 的应用程序。该 dll 是在项目内的 C++ 库中创建的。我在 Windows 10 64 位下使用 VS2017 Entreprise 进行编译，在 Windows 7 64 位下部署时遇到问题（在 Windwos 10 下部署效果很好......）。所有 .NET libs/exes/plugins 目标 .NET 4.5.2（安装在部署计算机上）。图书馆使用
Windows SDK Version: 8.1
Platform Toolset: Visual Studio 2017 (v141)
该项目制作了一个 msi 安装程序，我在部署计算机上成功安装了它。当然有dll。
于是我用process monitor观察了程序的执行情况。该 dll 似乎被加载了几次。
上次看到下面的
"10:31:13.7703319 AM","App.exe","1412","CloseFile","C:\Program Files (x86)\Vendor\Programm\ucrtbased.dll","SUCCESS",""
"10:31:13.7703575 AM","App.exe","1412","ReadFile","C:\Progra mFiles (x86)\Vendor\Programm\ucrtbased.dll","SUCCESS","Offset: 1,452,544, Length: 5,120, I/O Flags: Non-cached, Paging I/O, Synchronous Paging I/O, Priority: Normal"
"10:31:13.7721639 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Program Files (x86)\Vendor\Programm\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7722398 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\SysWOW64\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7723496 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\system\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7724133 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7725133 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\SysWOW64\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7725731 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\SysWOW64\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7726340 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7726991 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\SysWOW64\wbem\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7727622 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7729093 AM","App.exe","1412","CloseFile","C:\Program Files (x86)\Vendor\Programm\mydll.dll","SUCCESS",""
那个 api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll 确实被 dependency walker 和 [=18 一起列出了=]
API-MS-WIN-CORE-FILE-L1-2-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-CORE-FILE-L2-1-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-CORE-LOCALIZATION-L1-2-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-CORE-PROCESSTHREADS-L1-1-1.DLL
API-MS-WIN-CORE-SYNCH-L1-2-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-CORE-TIMEZONE-L1-1-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-DOWNLEVEL-ADVAPI32-L1-1-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-DOWNLEVEL-OLE32-L1-1-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-DOWNLEVEL-SHLWAPI-L1-1-0.DLL
GPSVC.DLL
MSISO.DLL
Google告诉我所有这些都与这个问题无关...
在 linux 下 nm-D 和 ldd...
下，现在只需 2.5 天即可完成您在 2.5 分钟内完成的工作
经过 3 天的努力，从 Windows 10 开始有效地瞄准 Windows 7，我分享了我的经验，并得出以下答案：
Microsoft 开发人员从未预见到这一点。 MS提供了一些hack，但无法实现可靠的开发链。
- 在您会遇到的其他问题中，看看这个 link ..（说真的，您必须手动卸载 Microsoft 软件包才能执行 Microsoft 更新？真的是 Microsoft 吗？）
- 截至 2018 年，没有有效的工具可以告诉您 Microsoft 世界中缺少什么动态库（基本上没有 ldd 的等价物）...甚至不要开始告诉我有关 DependecyWalker 或任何东西，它给出了太多的误报（>>100% 信噪比）并且已经过时了。
这与这里不值得一提的 1000 个其他 Microsoft 典型问题（程序包冲突等）一起，导致说这样做 可能 在理论上是可能的，但是在实践中不是。 （如果你在 Linux 下几分钟就能完成的事情需要花费数小时或数天，我认为这实际上不可行）
我给读者的建议是，如果你需要针对Win7，那就自己做一个Win7开发虚拟机。
当然，如果您的公司只能为您提供 VS2017 而不是 2015，就会出现问题。这种困境是 Microsoft 所熟知的，实际上这正是他们的目标。强迫您购买新产品，或者您的客户换用新产品 OS...
Richard Critten 的回答顺便说一句与这个问题无关
2.5 天，我尝试找到像
这样的错误的根源Could not load file or assembly "mydll.dll" or one of its dependencies.
The specified module could not be found
该项目是一个 Windows 基于 C# 的应用程序。该 dll 是在项目内的 C++ 库中创建的。我在 Windows 10 64 位下使用 VS2017 Entreprise 进行编译，在 Windows 7 64 位下部署时遇到问题（在 Windwos 10 下部署效果很好......）。所有 .NET libs/exes/plugins 目标 .NET 4.5.2（安装在部署计算机上）。图书馆使用
Windows SDK Version: 8.1
Platform Toolset: Visual Studio 2017 (v141)
该项目制作了一个 msi 安装程序，我在部署计算机上成功安装了它。当然有dll。
于是我用process monitor观察了程序的执行情况。该 dll 似乎被加载了几次。 上次看到下面的
"10:31:13.7703319 AM","App.exe","1412","CloseFile","C:\Program Files (x86)\Vendor\Programm\ucrtbased.dll","SUCCESS",""
"10:31:13.7703575 AM","App.exe","1412","ReadFile","C:\Progra mFiles (x86)\Vendor\Programm\ucrtbased.dll","SUCCESS","Offset: 1,452,544, Length: 5,120, I/O Flags: Non-cached, Paging I/O, Synchronous Paging I/O, Priority: Normal"
"10:31:13.7721639 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Program Files (x86)\Vendor\Programm\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7722398 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\SysWOW64\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7723496 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\system\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7724133 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7725133 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\SysWOW64\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7725731 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\SysWOW64\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7726340 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7726991 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\SysWOW64\wbem\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7727622 AM","App.exe","1412","CreateFile","C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll","NAME NOT FOUND","Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a"
"10:31:13.7729093 AM","App.exe","1412","CloseFile","C:\Program Files (x86)\Vendor\Programm\mydll.dll","SUCCESS",""
那个 api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll 确实被 dependency walker 和 [=18 一起列出了=]
API-MS-WIN-CORE-FILE-L1-2-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-CORE-FILE-L2-1-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-CORE-LOCALIZATION-L1-2-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-CORE-PROCESSTHREADS-L1-1-1.DLL
API-MS-WIN-CORE-SYNCH-L1-2-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-CORE-TIMEZONE-L1-1-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-DOWNLEVEL-ADVAPI32-L1-1-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-DOWNLEVEL-OLE32-L1-1-0.DLL
API-MS-WIN-DOWNLEVEL-SHLWAPI-L1-1-0.DLL
GPSVC.DLL
MSISO.DLL
Google告诉我所有这些都与这个问题无关...
在 linux 下 nm-D 和 ldd...
经过 3 天的努力，从 Windows 10 开始有效地瞄准 Windows 7，我分享了我的经验，并得出以下答案：
Microsoft 开发人员从未预见到这一点。 MS提供了一些hack，但无法实现可靠的开发链。
- 在您会遇到的其他问题中，看看这个 link ..（说真的，您必须手动卸载 Microsoft 软件包才能执行 Microsoft 更新？真的是 Microsoft 吗？）
- 截至 2018 年，没有有效的工具可以告诉您 Microsoft 世界中缺少什么动态库（基本上没有 ldd 的等价物）...甚至不要开始告诉我有关 DependecyWalker 或任何东西，它给出了太多的误报（>>100% 信噪比）并且已经过时了。
这与这里不值得一提的 1000 个其他 Microsoft 典型问题（程序包冲突等）一起，导致说这样做 可能 在理论上是可能的，但是在实践中不是。 （如果你在 Linux 下几分钟就能完成的事情需要花费数小时或数天，我认为这实际上不可行）
我给读者的建议是，如果你需要针对Win7，那就自己做一个Win7开发虚拟机。
当然，如果您的公司只能为您提供 VS2017 而不是 2015，就会出现问题。这种困境是 Microsoft 所熟知的，实际上这正是他们的目标。强迫您购买新产品，或者您的客户换用新产品 OS...
Richard Critten 的回答顺便说一句与这个问题无关