Postgresql：如何使用 Barman 进行增量备份
Postgresql: How to take incremental backup with Barman
我是 Postgresql 的新手，我发现了一个名为 Barman 的工具，用于对数据库进行增量备份。但是为数不多的教程并没有多大帮助，因为它们不适合天真的用户。
谁能帮忙解释一下如何使用Barman备份数据的简单步骤？那将是一个很大的帮助！我在 Ubuntu 18.04.
中使用 Postgres 10.4
我发现 this great tutorial 稍后会逐步解释过程。这是迄今为止最有帮助的一个。如果页面更改，我会包含内容以防 link 变得无效。
Barman（备份和恢复管理器）是用 Python 编写的用于 PostgreSQL 服务器灾难恢复的管理工具。 Barman 可以在业务关键环境中执行多台服务器的远程备份，并在恢复阶段帮助 DBA。
Barman 最想要的功能包括：备份目录、增量备份、保留策略、远程恢复、WAL 文件和备份的归档和压缩。
设置 pgbarman 的步骤：
第 1 步：安装 PostgreSQL-9.4 或 9.5。
从下面下载 PostgreSQL link
https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.5.1/postgresql-9.5.1.tar.bz2
第 2 步：从下面下载 pgbarman link。
https://sourceforge.net/projects/pgbarman/files/1.5.1/barman-1.5.1.tar.gz/download
第三步：安装 pgbarman 之前先安装先决条件 下面是必要的先决条件。
Python 2.6 或 2.7
Python 个模块：
- 参数完成
- argh >= 0.21.2
- psycopg2
- python-dateutil < 2.0（因为 2.0 版需要 python3）
- 分发（可选）
PostgreSQL >= 8.3
rsync >= 3.0.4
第 4 步：解压 pgbarman 文件并按如下所示安装它
[root@localhost ~] tar -xvf barman-1.5.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~] cd barman-1.5.1
[root@localhost barman-1.5.1] python2.6 setup.py build
[root@localhost barman-1.5.1] python2.6 setup.py install
Step5: 将barman.conf从doc复制到/etc/
[root@localhost barman-1.5.1] cp doc/barman.conf /etc/
Step6：创建用户barman并更改/etc/barman.conf
的所有者
[root@localhost barman-1.5.1]# chown -R barman:barman /etc/barman.conf
第 7 步：在酒保服务器和 postgres 服务器之间进行无密码身份验证。
[barman@localhost ~]$ ssh-keygen
[barman@localhost ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub postgres@127.0.0.1
为 postgres 用户重复上述步骤。
[root@localhost barman-1.5.1]# su - postgres
[postgres@localhost ~]$ ssh-keygen
[postgres@localhost ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub barman@127.0.0.1
第 8 步：编辑 barman.conf 并在配置文件中编辑以下参数
[barman]
barman_home = /home/barman
barman_user = barman
log_file = /home/barman/barman.log
compression = gzip
reuse_backup = link
minimum_redundancy = 1
[main-db-server]
description = "Main DB Server"
ssh_command = ssh postgres@127.0.0.1
conninfo = host=127.0.0.1 user=postgres
第 9 步：编辑 postgresql.conf 并启用存档。
要在主服务器上进行最后一项配置，以打开备份（或存档）模式。首先我们需要定位到从barman传入的备份目录的值，切换到用户barman:
su - barman
运行 下面的命令定位传入的备份目录：
barman show-server main | grep incoming_wals_directory
incoming_wals_directory: /home/barman/main/incoming
Note down the value of incoming_wals_directory in my setup it's/home/barman/main/incoming
现在切换到 postgres 服务器上的用户 postgres。
- 打开 postgresql.conf 并对文件进行以下更改：
取消注释 wal_level 参数并将其值设置为存档。
取消注释 archive_mode 参数并将其值设置为 on。
取消注释 archive_command 参数并将其值设置为 'rsync -a %p barman@127.0.0.1:/home/barman/main/incoming/%f'。
使用 Barman 服务器的 IP 地址。如果 incoming_wals_directory.
的值不同
第 10 步：重启 postgres 服务器或实例。
pg_ctl -D /home/postgres/master restart
第 11 步：现在登录 barman (su – barman) 并检查 barman 是否可以连接到 postgres。
Barman check main
注意：这里 'main' 是在 barman.conf.
中声明的 postgres 实例的名称
[barman@localhost ~]$ barman check main
Server main:
PostgreSQL: OK
archive_mode: OK
wal_level: OK
archive_command: OK
continuous archiving: OK
directories: OK
retention policy settings: OK
backup maximum age: OK (no last_backup_maximum_age provided)
compression settings: OK
minimum redundancy requirements: FAILED (have 0 backups, expected at least 1)
ssh: OK (PostgreSQL server)
not in recovery: OK
第 12 步：下面的命令给出了 postgres 服务器的信息
[barman@localhost ~]$ barman show-server main
Server main:
active: True
archive_command: false
archive_mode: on
archived_count: 0
backup_directory: /home/barman/main
backup_options: BackupOptions(['exclusive_backup'])
bandwidth_limit: None
basebackup_retry_sleep: 30
basebackup_retry_times: 0
basebackups_directory: /home/barman/main/base
compression: None
config_file: /home/postgres/data/postgresql.conf
conninfo: host=127.0.0.1 user=postgres port=5432
copy_method: rsync
current_archived_wals_per_second: 0.0
current_xlog: 000000010000000000000043
custom_compression_filter: None
custom_decompression_filter: None
data_directory: /home/postgres/data
description: Main PostgreSQL Database
disabled: False
failed_count: 0
第 13 步：使用 barman
对 main 进行第一次完整备份
[barman@localhost ~]$ barman backup main
Starting backup for server main in /home/barman/main/base/20160226T134115
Backup start at xlog location: 0/48000028 (000000010000000000000048, 00000028)
Copying files.
Copy done.
Asking PostgreSQL server to finalize the backup.
Backup size: 480.8 MiB. Actual size on disk: 480.8 MiB (-0.00% deduplication ratio).
Backup end at xlog location: 0/480000C0 (000000010000000000000048, 000000C0)
Backup completed
Processing xlog segments for main
Older than first backup. Trashing file 000000010000000000000047 from server main
000000010000000000000048
000000010000000000000048.00000028.backup
第 14 步：登录到 postgres 并创建数据库和表，将数据插入表中，然后使用 barman（登录到 barman）对 main 进行增量备份。
正在向 postgres 添加数据：
[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql
psql (9.5.1)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+------------------+-------+----------
public | pgbench_accounts | table | postgres
public | pgbench_branches | table | postgres
public | pgbench_history | table | postgres
public | pgbench_tellers | table | postgres
public | test | table | postgres
public | test1 | table | postgres
public | test2 | table | postgres
public | test4 | table | postgres
public | test5 | table | postgres
public | test6 | table | postgres
(10 rows)
postgres=# create database test;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# \c test
You are now connected to database "test" as user "postgres".
test=# create table test1(i int);
CREATE TABLE
test=# create table test2(i int);
CREATE TABLE
test=# insert into test1 values (generate_series(1,1000));
INSERT 0 1000
test=# insert into test2 values (generate_series(1,1000));
INSERT 0 1000
test=# \q
Now take incremental backup using barman :
[barman@localhost ~]$ barman backup --reuse=link main
Starting backup for server main in /home/barman/main/base/20160226T134400
Backup start at xlog location: 0/4A000028 (00000001000000000000004A, 00000028)
Copying files.
Copy done.
Asking PostgreSQL server to finalize the backup.
Backup size: 488.0 MiB. Actual size on disk: 7.3 MiB (-98.50% deduplication ratio).
Backup end at xlog location: 0/4A0000C0 (00000001000000000000004A, 000000C0)
Backup completed
Processing xlog segments for main
000000010000000000000049
00000001000000000000004A
00000001000000000000004A.00000028.backup
注意：--reuse=link用于link主完全备份。这将仅备份来自 main(postgres) 的修改或更改的文件。
第 15 步：按照以下命令列出 backus
[barman@localhost ~]$ barman list-backup main
main 20160226T134400 - Fri Feb 26 13:44:07 2016 - Size: 504.0 MiB - WAL Size: 0 B
main 20160226T134115 - Fri Feb 26 13:41:29 2016 - Size: 496.8 MiB - WAL Size: 32.0 MiB
There are two backups listed 20160226T134400 is incremental backup and 20160226T134115 is full backup.
第 16 步：现在让我们从备份中恢复
[barman@localhost ~]$ barman recover main 20160226T134400 /tmp/data
Starting local restore for server main using backup 20160226T134400
Destination directory: /tmp/data
Copying the base backup.
Copying required WAL segments.
Generating archive status files
Identify dangerous settings in destination directory.
IMPORTANT
These settings have been modified to prevent data losses
postgresql.conf line 209: archive_command = false
Your PostgreSQL server has been successfully prepared for recovery!
备份在位置 /tmp/data 恢复，恢复时用户必须提供最新的备份 ID
barman recover main latest /tmp/data
第 17 步：现在将 /tmp/data 的所有者更改为 'postgres' 并启动恢复的实例。
[root@localhost tmp]# chown -R postgres:postgres data
[root@localhost data]# ls -lrth
total 156K
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_twophase
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_tblspc
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_snapshots
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_serial
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_replslot
drwx------. 4 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_multixact
drwx------. 4 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_logical
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_dynshmem
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_commit_ts
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 4 Feb 26 08:11 PG_VERSION
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 88 Feb 26 08:11 postgresql.auto.conf.origin
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_subtrans
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 1.6K Feb 26 08:11 pg_ident.conf
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_clog
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 4.4K Feb 26 08:27 pg_hba.conf
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 22K Feb 26 13:40 postgresql.conf.origin
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 13:40 pg_stat
drwx------. 7 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 13:42 base
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 224 Feb 26 13:44 backup_label.old
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 22K Feb 26 13:45 postgresql.conf
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 88 Feb 26 13:45 postgresql.auto.conf
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 58 Feb 26 13:46 postmaster.pid
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 13:46 pg_notify
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 40 Feb 26 13:46 postmaster.opts
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 13:46 pg_log
drwx------. 3 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 13:46 pg_xlog
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 13:46 global
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 13:53 pg_stat_tmp
[root@localhost tmp]# su - postgres
[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_ctl -D master/ stop
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped
[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_ctl -D /tmp/data/ start
server starting
[postgres@localhost ~]$ LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "pg_log".
psql 到在位置 /tmp/data.
使用酒保恢复的新实例
[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql
psql (9.5.1)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+------------------+-------+----------
public | pgbench_accounts | table | postgres
public | pgbench_branches | table | postgres
public | pgbench_history | table | postgres
public | pgbench_tellers | table | postgres
public | test | table | postgres
public | test1 | table | postgres
public | test2 | table | postgres
public | test4 | table | postgres
public | test5 | table | postgres
public | test6 | table | postgres
(10 rows)
postgres=# \l+
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges | Size | Tablespace | Description
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------+---------+------------+--------------------------------------------
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | | 466 MB | pg_default | default administrative connection database
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +| 7129 kB | pg_default | unmodifiable empty database
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres | | |
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +| 7129 kB | pg_default | default template for new databases
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres | | |
test | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | | 7265 kB | pg_default |
(4 rows)
postgres=# \c test
You are now connected to database "test" as user "postgres".
test=# \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+-------+-------+----------
public | test1 | table | postgres
public | test2 | table | postgres
(2 rows)
test=# select count(*) from test1;
count
-------
1000
(1 row)
test=# show data_directory ;
data_directory
----------------
/tmp/data
(1 row)
test=#
我是 Postgresql 的新手，我发现了一个名为 Barman 的工具，用于对数据库进行增量备份。但是为数不多的教程并没有多大帮助，因为它们不适合天真的用户。
谁能帮忙解释一下如何使用Barman备份数据的简单步骤？那将是一个很大的帮助！我在 Ubuntu 18.04.
中使用 Postgres 10.4我发现 this great tutorial 稍后会逐步解释过程。这是迄今为止最有帮助的一个。如果页面更改，我会包含内容以防 link 变得无效。
Barman（备份和恢复管理器）是用 Python 编写的用于 PostgreSQL 服务器灾难恢复的管理工具。 Barman 可以在业务关键环境中执行多台服务器的远程备份，并在恢复阶段帮助 DBA。 Barman 最想要的功能包括：备份目录、增量备份、保留策略、远程恢复、WAL 文件和备份的归档和压缩。
设置 pgbarman 的步骤：
第 1 步：安装 PostgreSQL-9.4 或 9.5。
从下面下载 PostgreSQL link
https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.5.1/postgresql-9.5.1.tar.bz2
第 2 步：从下面下载 pgbarman link。
https://sourceforge.net/projects/pgbarman/files/1.5.1/barman-1.5.1.tar.gz/download
第三步：安装 pgbarman 之前先安装先决条件 下面是必要的先决条件。
Python 2.6 或 2.7 Python 个模块：
- 参数完成
- argh >= 0.21.2
- psycopg2
- python-dateutil < 2.0（因为 2.0 版需要 python3）
- 分发（可选）
PostgreSQL >= 8.3 rsync >= 3.0.4
第 4 步：解压 pgbarman 文件并按如下所示安装它
[root@localhost ~] tar -xvf barman-1.5.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~] cd barman-1.5.1
[root@localhost barman-1.5.1] python2.6 setup.py build
[root@localhost barman-1.5.1] python2.6 setup.py install
Step5: 将barman.conf从doc复制到/etc/
[root@localhost barman-1.5.1] cp doc/barman.conf /etc/
Step6：创建用户barman并更改/etc/barman.conf
的所有者[root@localhost barman-1.5.1]# chown -R barman:barman /etc/barman.conf
第 7 步：在酒保服务器和 postgres 服务器之间进行无密码身份验证。
[barman@localhost ~]$ ssh-keygen
[barman@localhost ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub postgres@127.0.0.1
为 postgres 用户重复上述步骤。
[root@localhost barman-1.5.1]# su - postgres
[postgres@localhost ~]$ ssh-keygen
[postgres@localhost ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub barman@127.0.0.1
第 8 步：编辑 barman.conf 并在配置文件中编辑以下参数
[barman]
barman_home = /home/barman
barman_user = barman
log_file = /home/barman/barman.log
compression = gzip
reuse_backup = link
minimum_redundancy = 1
[main-db-server]
description = "Main DB Server"
ssh_command = ssh postgres@127.0.0.1
conninfo = host=127.0.0.1 user=postgres
第 9 步：编辑 postgresql.conf 并启用存档。
要在主服务器上进行最后一项配置，以打开备份（或存档）模式。首先我们需要定位到从barman传入的备份目录的值，切换到用户barman:
su - barman
运行 下面的命令定位传入的备份目录：
barman show-server main | grep incoming_wals_directory
incoming_wals_directory: /home/barman/main/incoming
Note down the value of incoming_wals_directory in my setup it's/home/barman/main/incoming
现在切换到 postgres 服务器上的用户 postgres。
- 打开 postgresql.conf 并对文件进行以下更改： 取消注释 wal_level 参数并将其值设置为存档。 取消注释 archive_mode 参数并将其值设置为 on。 取消注释 archive_command 参数并将其值设置为 'rsync -a %p barman@127.0.0.1:/home/barman/main/incoming/%f'。 使用 Barman 服务器的 IP 地址。如果 incoming_wals_directory. 的值不同
第 10 步：重启 postgres 服务器或实例。
pg_ctl -D /home/postgres/master restart
第 11 步：现在登录 barman (su – barman) 并检查 barman 是否可以连接到 postgres。
Barman check main
注意：这里 'main' 是在 barman.conf.
中声明的 postgres 实例的名称[barman@localhost ~]$ barman check main
Server main:
PostgreSQL: OK
archive_mode: OK
wal_level: OK
archive_command: OK
continuous archiving: OK
directories: OK
retention policy settings: OK
backup maximum age: OK (no last_backup_maximum_age provided)
compression settings: OK
minimum redundancy requirements: FAILED (have 0 backups, expected at least 1)
ssh: OK (PostgreSQL server)
not in recovery: OK
第 12 步：下面的命令给出了 postgres 服务器的信息
[barman@localhost ~]$ barman show-server main
Server main:
active: True
archive_command: false
archive_mode: on
archived_count: 0
backup_directory: /home/barman/main
backup_options: BackupOptions(['exclusive_backup'])
bandwidth_limit: None
basebackup_retry_sleep: 30
basebackup_retry_times: 0
basebackups_directory: /home/barman/main/base
compression: None
config_file: /home/postgres/data/postgresql.conf
conninfo: host=127.0.0.1 user=postgres port=5432
copy_method: rsync
current_archived_wals_per_second: 0.0
current_xlog: 000000010000000000000043
custom_compression_filter: None
custom_decompression_filter: None
data_directory: /home/postgres/data
description: Main PostgreSQL Database
disabled: False
failed_count: 0
第 13 步：使用 barman
对 main 进行第一次完整备份[barman@localhost ~]$ barman backup main
Starting backup for server main in /home/barman/main/base/20160226T134115
Backup start at xlog location: 0/48000028 (000000010000000000000048, 00000028)
Copying files.
Copy done.
Asking PostgreSQL server to finalize the backup.
Backup size: 480.8 MiB. Actual size on disk: 480.8 MiB (-0.00% deduplication ratio).
Backup end at xlog location: 0/480000C0 (000000010000000000000048, 000000C0)
Backup completed
Processing xlog segments for main
Older than first backup. Trashing file 000000010000000000000047 from server main
000000010000000000000048
000000010000000000000048.00000028.backup
第 14 步：登录到 postgres 并创建数据库和表，将数据插入表中，然后使用 barman（登录到 barman）对 main 进行增量备份。
正在向 postgres 添加数据：
[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql
psql (9.5.1)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+------------------+-------+----------
public | pgbench_accounts | table | postgres
public | pgbench_branches | table | postgres
public | pgbench_history | table | postgres
public | pgbench_tellers | table | postgres
public | test | table | postgres
public | test1 | table | postgres
public | test2 | table | postgres
public | test4 | table | postgres
public | test5 | table | postgres
public | test6 | table | postgres
(10 rows)
postgres=# create database test;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# \c test
You are now connected to database "test" as user "postgres".
test=# create table test1(i int);
CREATE TABLE
test=# create table test2(i int);
CREATE TABLE
test=# insert into test1 values (generate_series(1,1000));
INSERT 0 1000
test=# insert into test2 values (generate_series(1,1000));
INSERT 0 1000
test=# \q
Now take incremental backup using barman :
[barman@localhost ~]$ barman backup --reuse=link main
Starting backup for server main in /home/barman/main/base/20160226T134400
Backup start at xlog location: 0/4A000028 (00000001000000000000004A, 00000028)
Copying files.
Copy done.
Asking PostgreSQL server to finalize the backup.
Backup size: 488.0 MiB. Actual size on disk: 7.3 MiB (-98.50% deduplication ratio).
Backup end at xlog location: 0/4A0000C0 (00000001000000000000004A, 000000C0)
Backup completed
Processing xlog segments for main
000000010000000000000049
00000001000000000000004A
00000001000000000000004A.00000028.backup
注意：--reuse=link用于link主完全备份。这将仅备份来自 main(postgres) 的修改或更改的文件。
第 15 步：按照以下命令列出 backus
[barman@localhost ~]$ barman list-backup main
main 20160226T134400 - Fri Feb 26 13:44:07 2016 - Size: 504.0 MiB - WAL Size: 0 B
main 20160226T134115 - Fri Feb 26 13:41:29 2016 - Size: 496.8 MiB - WAL Size: 32.0 MiB
There are two backups listed 20160226T134400 is incremental backup and 20160226T134115 is full backup.
第 16 步：现在让我们从备份中恢复
[barman@localhost ~]$ barman recover main 20160226T134400 /tmp/data
Starting local restore for server main using backup 20160226T134400
Destination directory: /tmp/data
Copying the base backup.
Copying required WAL segments.
Generating archive status files
Identify dangerous settings in destination directory.
IMPORTANT
These settings have been modified to prevent data losses
postgresql.conf line 209: archive_command = false
Your PostgreSQL server has been successfully prepared for recovery!
备份在位置 /tmp/data 恢复，恢复时用户必须提供最新的备份 ID
barman recover main latest /tmp/data
第 17 步：现在将 /tmp/data 的所有者更改为 'postgres' 并启动恢复的实例。
[root@localhost tmp]# chown -R postgres:postgres data
[root@localhost data]# ls -lrth
total 156K
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_twophase
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_tblspc
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_snapshots
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_serial
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_replslot
drwx------. 4 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_multixact
drwx------. 4 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_logical
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_dynshmem
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_commit_ts
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 4 Feb 26 08:11 PG_VERSION
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 88 Feb 26 08:11 postgresql.auto.conf.origin
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_subtrans
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 1.6K Feb 26 08:11 pg_ident.conf
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 08:11 pg_clog
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 4.4K Feb 26 08:27 pg_hba.conf
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 22K Feb 26 13:40 postgresql.conf.origin
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 13:40 pg_stat
drwx------. 7 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 13:42 base
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 224 Feb 26 13:44 backup_label.old
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 22K Feb 26 13:45 postgresql.conf
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 88 Feb 26 13:45 postgresql.auto.conf
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 58 Feb 26 13:46 postmaster.pid
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 13:46 pg_notify
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 40 Feb 26 13:46 postmaster.opts
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 13:46 pg_log
drwx------. 3 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 13:46 pg_xlog
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 13:46 global
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Feb 26 13:53 pg_stat_tmp
[root@localhost tmp]# su - postgres
[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_ctl -D master/ stop
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped
[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_ctl -D /tmp/data/ start
server starting
[postgres@localhost ~]$ LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "pg_log".
psql 到在位置 /tmp/data.
使用酒保恢复的新实例[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql
psql (9.5.1)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+------------------+-------+----------
public | pgbench_accounts | table | postgres
public | pgbench_branches | table | postgres
public | pgbench_history | table | postgres
public | pgbench_tellers | table | postgres
public | test | table | postgres
public | test1 | table | postgres
public | test2 | table | postgres
public | test4 | table | postgres
public | test5 | table | postgres
public | test6 | table | postgres
(10 rows)
postgres=# \l+
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges | Size | Tablespace | Description
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------+---------+------------+--------------------------------------------
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | | 466 MB | pg_default | default administrative connection database
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +| 7129 kB | pg_default | unmodifiable empty database
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres | | |
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +| 7129 kB | pg_default | default template for new databases
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres | | |
test | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | | 7265 kB | pg_default |
(4 rows)
postgres=# \c test
You are now connected to database "test" as user "postgres".
test=# \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+-------+-------+----------
public | test1 | table | postgres
public | test2 | table | postgres
(2 rows)
test=# select count(*) from test1;
count
-------
1000
(1 row)
test=# show data_directory ;
data_directory
----------------
/tmp/data
(1 row)
test=#