在 Mac OS X Yosemite 10.10.1 上包含搜索路径
Include search path on Mac OS X Yosemite 10.10.1
我只是为了更改包含搜索路径的顺序（我相信）。
我想更改包含搜索路径。特别是，我首先需要/usr/local/include。
但它不会因为重复而改变。我该如何更改它？
我想是默认设置，因为出现了我没有指定的路径。点赞/usr/include/c++/4.2.1、/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0/include
"/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang" -cc1 -triple x86_64-apple-macosx10.10.0 -emit-obj -mrelax-all -disable-free -disable-llvm-verifier -main-file-name test_common.cpp -mrelocation-model pic -pic-level 2 -mdisable-fp-elim -masm-verbose -munwind-tables -target-cpu core2 -target-linker-version 241.9 -v -gdwarf-2 -coverage-file /Users/machidahiroaki/RubymineProjects/caffe/.build_debug/src/caffe/test/test_common.o -resource-dir /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0 -D DEBUG -D CPU_ONLY -I /usr/local/include -I /usr/local/include -I /Users/machidahiroaki/anaconda/include -I /Users/machidahiroaki/anaconda/include/python2.7 -I /Users/machidahiroaki/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I .build_debug/src -I ./src -I ./include -I /usr/local/atlas/include -stdlib=libstdc++ -O0 -Wall -Wno-sign-compare -Wno-unneeded-internal-declaration -fdeprecated-macro -fdebug-compilation-dir /Users/machidahiroaki/RubymineProjects/caffe -ferror-limit 19 -fmessage-length 0 -pthread -stack-protector 1 -mstackrealign -fblocks -fobjc-runtime=macosx-10.10.0 -fencode-extended-block-signature -fcxx-exceptions -fexceptions -fdiagnostics-show-option -vectorize-slp -o .build_debug/src/caffe/test/test_common.o -x c++ src/caffe/test/test_common.cpp
clang -cc1 version 6.0 based upon LLVM 3.5svn default target x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/i686-apple-darwin10/x86_64"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/include/c++/4.0.0"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/include/c++/4.0.0/i686-apple-darwin8/"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/include/c++/4.0.0/backward"
ignoring duplicate directory "/usr/local/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "/usr/local/include"
as it is a non-system directory that duplicates a system directory
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/Users/machidahiroaki/anaconda/include
/Users/machidahiroaki/anaconda/include/python2.7
/Users/machidahiroaki/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include
.build_debug/src
./src
./include
/usr/local/atlas/include
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/backward
/usr/local/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/include
/usr/include
/System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
End of search list.
图书馆搜索路径
Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ld -v ...
@(#)PROGRAM:ld PROJECT:ld64-241.9
configured to support archs: armv6 armv7 armv7s arm64 i386 x86_64 x86_64h armv6m armv7m armv7em
Library search paths:
/usr/lib
/usr/local/lib
Framework search paths:
/Library/Frameworks/
/System/Library/Frameworks/
确定这是在 make 中完成的 ld。
"/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ld" -demangle -dynamic -dylib -arch x86_64 -macosx_version_min 10.10.0 -t -o .build_debug/lib/libcaffe.so -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/atlas/lib .build_debug/src/caffe/proto/caffe.pb.o .build_debug/src/caffe/proto/caffe_pretty_print.pb.o .build_debug/src/caffe/blob.o .build_debug/src/caffe/common.o .build_debug/src/caffe/data_transformer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/internal_thread.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layer_factory.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/absval_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/accuracy_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/argmax_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/base_data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/bnll_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/concat_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/contrastive_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/conv_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/cudnn_conv_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/cudnn_pooling_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/cudnn_relu_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/cudnn_sigmoid_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/cudnn_softmax_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/cudnn_tanh_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/dropout_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/dummy_data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/eltwise_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/euclidean_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/flatten_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/hdf5_data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/hdf5_output_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/hinge_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/im2col_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/image_data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/infogain_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/inner_product_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/lrn_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/memory_data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/multinomial_logistic_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/mvn_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/neuron_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/pooling_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/power_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/relu_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/sigmoid_cross_entropy_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/sigmoid_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/silence_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/slice_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/softmax_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/softmax_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/split_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/tanh_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/threshold_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/window_data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/net.o .build_debug/src/caffe/solver.o .build_debug/src/caffe/syncedmem.o .build_debug/src/caffe/util/benchmark.o .build_debug/src/caffe/util/im2col.o .build_debug/src/caffe/util/insert_splits.o .build_debug/src/caffe/util/io.o .build_debug/src/caffe/util/math_functions.o .build_debug/src/caffe/util/upgrade_proto.o -framework Accelerate -lglog -lgflags -lprotobuf -lleveldb -lsnappy -llmdb -lboost_system -lhdf5_hl -lhdf5 -lopencv_core -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_imgproc -lpthread -lboost_thread-mt -lcblas -lstdc++ -lSystem /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0/lib/darwin/libclang_rt.osx.a
所以...这条路/usr/include/c++/4.2.1从何而来？
我得到了一些提示吗？
Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ g++ -print-search-dirs
install: /usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/
programs: =/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/bin/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/bin/
libraries: =/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/lib/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../:/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/lib/:/usr/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/lib/
Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ clang++ -print-search-dirs
programs: =/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin:/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
libraries: =/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0
M
不知道是不是跟问题有关...
Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ gcc -print-search-dirs
install: /usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/
programs: =/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/bin/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/bin/
libraries: =/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/lib/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../:/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/lib/:/usr/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/lib/
Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 5.0.0 20141005 (experimental)
Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
等等，export CFLAGS="-I/path/to/preferred/HDF5/hdf5.h" 不行...
什么都不指定
Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ echo | "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang" -Wp,-v -stdlib=libstdc++ -x c++ - -fsyntax-only
clang -cc1 version 6.0 based upon LLVM 3.5svn default target x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/backward
/usr/local/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/include
/usr/include
/System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
End of search list.
无法指定头文件！！
Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ echo | "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang" -Wp,-v -stdlib=libstdc++ -x c++ - -fsyntax-only -I/usr/local/include/hdf5.h
clang -cc1 version 6.0 based upon LLVM 3.5svn default target x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/hdf5.h"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/backward
/usr/local/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/include
/usr/include
/System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
End of search list.
正如预期的那样，重复的目录被忽略并且顺序没有改变。
Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ echo | "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang" -Wp,-v -stdlib=libstdc++ -x c++ - -fsyntax-only -I/usr/local/include/
clang -cc1 version 6.0 based upon LLVM 3.5svn default target x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0
ignoring duplicate directory "/usr/local/include"
as it is a non-system directory that duplicates a system directory
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/backward
/usr/local/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/include
/usr/include
/System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
End of search list.
但是，我找到了clang的-include选项，可以指定一个文件！
您可以进入您的项目设置并进行更改以非常轻松地编辑您的库搜索路径。
看到我如何打开这个测试项目截图中的设置了吗？现在我自己的项目中没有路径；但是在你的项目中，肯定会有重复的路径（或者多个路径解析到同一个地方）。
I'd like to change library search path...
在编译时，您使用 -L 扩充库搜索路径。您不能删除路径；您只能添加比现有路径具有 "higher" 偏好的路径。
在运行时，您使用DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH、DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH和朋友更改库搜索路径。参见 dyld(1) OS X Man Pages。
通常您使用 DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH 来确保加载特定库而不是系统库。它是一种覆盖默认行为的方法。 DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH 用于提供非系统库。它的侵入性较小，因为您不会替换系统路径。
------------
I need /usr/local/include first...
对我来说听起来有点奇怪，但是...
$ export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/include
$ clang ...
------------
IF你是从命令行cross-compiling，你应该做这样的事情。诀窍是使用 --sysroot 自动引入平台的 header 和库，而不是使用 -I、-L 和 -l 来破解它们。
# Put cross compile tools on the PATH first
export PATH="/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/:$PATH"
# C compiler
export CC=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang
# C++ compiler
export CXX=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang++
# SYSROOT brings in platform headers and libraries, No need for -I, -L and -l.
SYSROOT=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS7.1.sdk
# Compiler flags
export CFLAGS="-march armv7 -march armv7s --sysroot=$SYSROOT"
# Compiler flags
export CXXFLAGS="-march armv7 -march armv7s --sysroot=$SYSROOT"
# Using defualt C++ runtime
$CXX $CXXFLAGS foo.c -o foo.exe
您还可以用 -stdlib=libstdc++ 指定 GNU 的 运行time，用 -stdlib=libc++.
指定 LLVM 的 运行time
------------
根据您的更新：
<ld command and output omitted>
where does this path /usr/include/c++/4.2.1 come from??
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1 在您的 图书馆搜索路径 中 不是 。它只是不存在。
这是一个 header 包含路径，您用 -I 指定它。
如果您想查看 header 包含 libstdc++ 和 libc++ 的路径，请执行以下操作：
# GNU C++ runtime
$ echo | /usr/local/bin/clang++ -Wp,-v -stdlib=ibstdc++ -x c++ - -fsyntax-only
并且：
# LLVM C++ runtime
$ echo | /usr/local/bin/clang++ -Wp,-v -stdlib=libc++ -x c++ - -fsyntax-only
这是我在 OS X 10.8.5:
上得到的
libstdc++ (GNU):
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/backward
/usr/local/include
/usr/local/bin/../lib/clang/3.5.0/include
/usr/include
/System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
/Library/Frameworks (framework directory
libc++ (LLVM):
/usr/local/include
/usr/local/bin/../lib/clang/3.5.0/include
/usr/include
/System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
所以当使用 GNU 的 libstdc++（但不是 LLVM 的 libc++）时，/usr/include/c++/4.2.1 是一个 built-in 编译器路径。我会更进一步告诉你它在 LLVM/Clang 源代码中的硬编码（我经常从源代码构建 LLVM/Clang）：
$ cd clang-sources/llvm
$ grep -R "/usr/include/c++/4.2.1" *
tools/clang/lib/Frontend/InitHeaderSearch.cpp: AddGnuCPlusPlusIncludePaths("/usr/include/c++/4.2.1",
tools/clang/lib/Frontend/InitHeaderSearch.cpp: AddGnuCPlusPlusIncludePaths("/usr/include/c++/4.2.1",
tools/clang/lib/Frontend/InitHeaderSearch.cpp: AddGnuCPlusPlusIncludePaths("/usr/include/c++/4.2.1",
tools/clang/lib/Frontend/InitHeaderSearch.cpp: AddGnuCPlusPlusIncludePaths("/usr/include/c++/4.2.1",
tools/clang/lib/Frontend/InitHeaderSearch.cpp: AddGnuCPlusPlusIncludePaths("/usr/include/c++/4.2.1",
您可以在使用 --with-c-include-dirs 构建 LLVM/Clang 时添加其他包含路径。
------------
根据您的评论：“...如果我删除 ~/anaconda/include/hdf5.h...”。如果您需要 HDF5 包的新路径，请使用类似：
export CPPFLAGS="-I/path/to/preferred/HDF5/hdf5.h"
export CFLAGS="-I/path/to/preferred/HDF5/hdf5.h"
export CXXFLAGS="-I/path/to/preferred/HDF5/hdf5.h"
export LDFLAGS="-L/path/to/preferred/HDF5/lib"
./configure ...
您在 CPPFLAGS 中也需要它，因为 autotools 可能 运行 用它进行一些测试。
然后，在运行时间：
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/path/to/preferred/HDF5/lib
./run_the_executable
你可以回避 DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH IF 你对 HDF5 执行静态链接。但请注意 OS X 链接器始终使用共享 object 或动态库 如果 可用。实际上，它会忽略您对静态链接的请求。您将不得不 mv 共享 object 或 dynalib off-path 而离开存档 on-path.
------------
把水搅得更浑一点……如果你说 "library" 而你真的想说 "framework"，那么请看这个关于使用 -framework 的 Stack Overflow 问题选项：Clang(LLVM) compile with frameworks.
- 打开终端
- 运行
gcc -V
- 阅读信息并复制包含路径。我的是
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.11.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
我只是为了更改包含搜索路径的顺序（我相信）。
我想更改包含搜索路径。特别是，我首先需要
/usr/local/include。
但它不会因为重复而改变。我该如何更改它？
我想是默认设置，因为出现了我没有指定的路径。点赞/usr/include/c++/4.2.1、/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0/include
"/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang" -cc1 -triple x86_64-apple-macosx10.10.0 -emit-obj -mrelax-all -disable-free -disable-llvm-verifier -main-file-name test_common.cpp -mrelocation-model pic -pic-level 2 -mdisable-fp-elim -masm-verbose -munwind-tables -target-cpu core2 -target-linker-version 241.9 -v -gdwarf-2 -coverage-file /Users/machidahiroaki/RubymineProjects/caffe/.build_debug/src/caffe/test/test_common.o -resource-dir /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0 -D DEBUG -D CPU_ONLY -I /usr/local/include -I /usr/local/include -I /Users/machidahiroaki/anaconda/include -I /Users/machidahiroaki/anaconda/include/python2.7 -I /Users/machidahiroaki/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I .build_debug/src -I ./src -I ./include -I /usr/local/atlas/include -stdlib=libstdc++ -O0 -Wall -Wno-sign-compare -Wno-unneeded-internal-declaration -fdeprecated-macro -fdebug-compilation-dir /Users/machidahiroaki/RubymineProjects/caffe -ferror-limit 19 -fmessage-length 0 -pthread -stack-protector 1 -mstackrealign -fblocks -fobjc-runtime=macosx-10.10.0 -fencode-extended-block-signature -fcxx-exceptions -fexceptions -fdiagnostics-show-option -vectorize-slp -o .build_debug/src/caffe/test/test_common.o -x c++ src/caffe/test/test_common.cpp
clang -cc1 version 6.0 based upon LLVM 3.5svn default target x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/i686-apple-darwin10/x86_64"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/include/c++/4.0.0"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/include/c++/4.0.0/i686-apple-darwin8/"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/include/c++/4.0.0/backward"
ignoring duplicate directory "/usr/local/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "/usr/local/include"
as it is a non-system directory that duplicates a system directory
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/Users/machidahiroaki/anaconda/include
/Users/machidahiroaki/anaconda/include/python2.7
/Users/machidahiroaki/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include
.build_debug/src
./src
./include
/usr/local/atlas/include
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/backward
/usr/local/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/include
/usr/include
/System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
End of search list.
图书馆搜索路径
Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ld -v ...
@(#)PROGRAM:ld PROJECT:ld64-241.9
configured to support archs: armv6 armv7 armv7s arm64 i386 x86_64 x86_64h armv6m armv7m armv7em
Library search paths:
/usr/lib
/usr/local/lib
Framework search paths:
/Library/Frameworks/
/System/Library/Frameworks/
确定这是在 make 中完成的 ld。
"/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ld" -demangle -dynamic -dylib -arch x86_64 -macosx_version_min 10.10.0 -t -o .build_debug/lib/libcaffe.so -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/atlas/lib .build_debug/src/caffe/proto/caffe.pb.o .build_debug/src/caffe/proto/caffe_pretty_print.pb.o .build_debug/src/caffe/blob.o .build_debug/src/caffe/common.o .build_debug/src/caffe/data_transformer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/internal_thread.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layer_factory.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/absval_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/accuracy_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/argmax_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/base_data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/bnll_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/concat_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/contrastive_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/conv_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/cudnn_conv_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/cudnn_pooling_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/cudnn_relu_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/cudnn_sigmoid_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/cudnn_softmax_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/cudnn_tanh_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/dropout_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/dummy_data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/eltwise_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/euclidean_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/flatten_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/hdf5_data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/hdf5_output_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/hinge_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/im2col_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/image_data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/infogain_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/inner_product_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/lrn_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/memory_data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/multinomial_logistic_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/mvn_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/neuron_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/pooling_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/power_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/relu_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/sigmoid_cross_entropy_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/sigmoid_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/silence_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/slice_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/softmax_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/softmax_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/split_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/tanh_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/threshold_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/window_data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/net.o .build_debug/src/caffe/solver.o .build_debug/src/caffe/syncedmem.o .build_debug/src/caffe/util/benchmark.o .build_debug/src/caffe/util/im2col.o .build_debug/src/caffe/util/insert_splits.o .build_debug/src/caffe/util/io.o .build_debug/src/caffe/util/math_functions.o .build_debug/src/caffe/util/upgrade_proto.o -framework Accelerate -lglog -lgflags -lprotobuf -lleveldb -lsnappy -llmdb -lboost_system -lhdf5_hl -lhdf5 -lopencv_core -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_imgproc -lpthread -lboost_thread-mt -lcblas -lstdc++ -lSystem /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0/lib/darwin/libclang_rt.osx.a
所以...这条路/usr/include/c++/4.2.1从何而来？
我得到了一些提示吗？
Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ g++ -print-search-dirs
install: /usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/
programs: =/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/bin/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/bin/
libraries: =/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/lib/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../:/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/lib/:/usr/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/lib/
Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ clang++ -print-search-dirs
programs: =/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin:/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
libraries: =/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0
M
不知道是不是跟问题有关...
Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ gcc -print-search-dirs
install: /usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/
programs: =/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/bin/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/bin/
libraries: =/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/lib/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../:/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/lib/:/usr/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/lib/
Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 5.0.0 20141005 (experimental)
Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
等等，export CFLAGS="-I/path/to/preferred/HDF5/hdf5.h" 不行...
什么都不指定
Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ echo | "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang" -Wp,-v -stdlib=libstdc++ -x c++ - -fsyntax-only
clang -cc1 version 6.0 based upon LLVM 3.5svn default target x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/backward
/usr/local/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/include
/usr/include
/System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
End of search list.
无法指定头文件！！
Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ echo | "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang" -Wp,-v -stdlib=libstdc++ -x c++ - -fsyntax-only -I/usr/local/include/hdf5.h
clang -cc1 version 6.0 based upon LLVM 3.5svn default target x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/hdf5.h"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/backward
/usr/local/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/include
/usr/include
/System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
End of search list.
正如预期的那样，重复的目录被忽略并且顺序没有改变。
Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ echo | "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang" -Wp,-v -stdlib=libstdc++ -x c++ - -fsyntax-only -I/usr/local/include/
clang -cc1 version 6.0 based upon LLVM 3.5svn default target x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0
ignoring duplicate directory "/usr/local/include"
as it is a non-system directory that duplicates a system directory
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/backward
/usr/local/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/include
/usr/include
/System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
End of search list.
但是，我找到了clang的-include选项，可以指定一个文件！
您可以进入您的项目设置并进行更改以非常轻松地编辑您的库搜索路径。
看到我如何打开这个测试项目截图中的设置了吗？现在我自己的项目中没有路径；但是在你的项目中，肯定会有重复的路径（或者多个路径解析到同一个地方）。
I'd like to change library search path...
在编译时，您使用 -L 扩充库搜索路径。您不能删除路径；您只能添加比现有路径具有 "higher" 偏好的路径。
在运行时，您使用DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH、DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH和朋友更改库搜索路径。参见 dyld(1) OS X Man Pages。
通常您使用 DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH 来确保加载特定库而不是系统库。它是一种覆盖默认行为的方法。 DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH 用于提供非系统库。它的侵入性较小，因为您不会替换系统路径。
------------
I need /usr/local/include first...
对我来说听起来有点奇怪，但是...
$ export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/include
$ clang ...
------------
IF你是从命令行cross-compiling，你应该做这样的事情。诀窍是使用 --sysroot 自动引入平台的 header 和库，而不是使用 -I、-L 和 -l 来破解它们。
# Put cross compile tools on the PATH first
export PATH="/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/:$PATH"
# C compiler
export CC=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang
# C++ compiler
export CXX=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang++
# SYSROOT brings in platform headers and libraries, No need for -I, -L and -l.
SYSROOT=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS7.1.sdk
# Compiler flags
export CFLAGS="-march armv7 -march armv7s --sysroot=$SYSROOT"
# Compiler flags
export CXXFLAGS="-march armv7 -march armv7s --sysroot=$SYSROOT"
# Using defualt C++ runtime
$CXX $CXXFLAGS foo.c -o foo.exe
您还可以用 -stdlib=libstdc++ 指定 GNU 的 运行time，用 -stdlib=libc++.
------------
根据您的更新：
<ld command and output omitted>
where does this path /usr/include/c++/4.2.1 come from??
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1 在您的 图书馆搜索路径 中 不是 。它只是不存在。
这是一个 header 包含路径，您用 -I 指定它。
如果您想查看 header 包含 libstdc++ 和 libc++ 的路径，请执行以下操作：
# GNU C++ runtime
$ echo | /usr/local/bin/clang++ -Wp,-v -stdlib=ibstdc++ -x c++ - -fsyntax-only
并且：
# LLVM C++ runtime
$ echo | /usr/local/bin/clang++ -Wp,-v -stdlib=libc++ -x c++ - -fsyntax-only
这是我在 OS X 10.8.5:
上得到的libstdc++ (GNU):
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/backward
/usr/local/include
/usr/local/bin/../lib/clang/3.5.0/include
/usr/include
/System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
/Library/Frameworks (framework directory
libc++ (LLVM):
/usr/local/include
/usr/local/bin/../lib/clang/3.5.0/include
/usr/include
/System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
所以当使用 GNU 的 libstdc++（但不是 LLVM 的 libc++）时，/usr/include/c++/4.2.1 是一个 built-in 编译器路径。我会更进一步告诉你它在 LLVM/Clang 源代码中的硬编码（我经常从源代码构建 LLVM/Clang）：
$ cd clang-sources/llvm
$ grep -R "/usr/include/c++/4.2.1" *
tools/clang/lib/Frontend/InitHeaderSearch.cpp: AddGnuCPlusPlusIncludePaths("/usr/include/c++/4.2.1",
tools/clang/lib/Frontend/InitHeaderSearch.cpp: AddGnuCPlusPlusIncludePaths("/usr/include/c++/4.2.1",
tools/clang/lib/Frontend/InitHeaderSearch.cpp: AddGnuCPlusPlusIncludePaths("/usr/include/c++/4.2.1",
tools/clang/lib/Frontend/InitHeaderSearch.cpp: AddGnuCPlusPlusIncludePaths("/usr/include/c++/4.2.1",
tools/clang/lib/Frontend/InitHeaderSearch.cpp: AddGnuCPlusPlusIncludePaths("/usr/include/c++/4.2.1",
您可以在使用 --with-c-include-dirs 构建 LLVM/Clang 时添加其他包含路径。
------------
根据您的评论：“...如果我删除 ~/anaconda/include/hdf5.h...”。如果您需要 HDF5 包的新路径，请使用类似：
export CPPFLAGS="-I/path/to/preferred/HDF5/hdf5.h"
export CFLAGS="-I/path/to/preferred/HDF5/hdf5.h"
export CXXFLAGS="-I/path/to/preferred/HDF5/hdf5.h"
export LDFLAGS="-L/path/to/preferred/HDF5/lib"
./configure ...
您在 CPPFLAGS 中也需要它，因为 autotools 可能 运行 用它进行一些测试。
然后，在运行时间：
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/path/to/preferred/HDF5/lib
./run_the_executable
你可以回避 DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH IF 你对 HDF5 执行静态链接。但请注意 OS X 链接器始终使用共享 object 或动态库 如果 可用。实际上，它会忽略您对静态链接的请求。您将不得不 mv 共享 object 或 dynalib off-path 而离开存档 on-path.
------------
把水搅得更浑一点……如果你说 "library" 而你真的想说 "framework"，那么请看这个关于使用 -framework 的 Stack Overflow 问题选项：Clang(LLVM) compile with frameworks.
- 打开终端
- 运行
gcc -V - 阅读信息并复制包含路径。我的是 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.11.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1