最佳从 EventEmitter 事件重新进入 ngZone

Optimal reentering the ngZone from EventEmitter event

有一个组件封装了一些库。为了避免所有这个库的事件侦听器的变更检测噩梦,库的范围在 angular 区域之外:

@Component({ ... })
export class TestComponent {

  @Output()
  emitter = new EventEmitter<void>();

  constructor(private ngZone: NgZone) {}

  ngOnInit() {
    this.ngZone.runOutsideAngular(() => {
        // ...
    });    
  }

}

这很清楚也很常见。现在让我们添加事件以发出操作:

@Component({ ... })
export class TestComponent {

  @Output()
  emitter = new EventEmitter<void>();

  private lib: Lib;

  constructor(private ngZone: NgZone) {}

  ngOnInit() {
    this.ngZone.runOutsideAngular(() => {
      this.lib = new Lib();
    });

    this.lib.on('click', () => {
      this.emitter.emit();
    });
  }

}

问题是这个发射器没有触发变化检测,因为它是在区域外触发的。那么有可能重新进入该区域:

@Component({ ... })
export class TestComponent {

  @Output()
  emitter = new EventEmitter<void>();

  private lib: Lib;

  constructor(private ngZone: NgZone) {}

  ngOnInit() {
    this.ngZone.runOutsideAngular(() => {
      this.lib = new Lib();
    });

    this.lib.on('click', () => {
      this.ngZone.run(() => this.emitter.emit());
    });
  }

}

终于到了我的问题了。即使我没有在父组件中收听此事件,此 this.ngZone.run 也会强制进行更改检测:

<test-component></test-component>

这是不需要的,因为,好吧,我没有订阅那个事件 => 没有什么可检测的。

该问题的解决方案是什么?

对于那些对现实生活中的例子感兴趣的人,问题的来源是here

请记住,根据定义,发出值的 @Output() 绑定是父级更改检测的触发器。虽然该绑定可能没有任何侦听器,但在引用该组件的父模板中可能存在逻辑。也许通过 exportAs@ViewChild 查询。因此,如果您发出一个值,您就是在通知父级组件的状态已更改。也许将来 Angular 团队会改变这一点,但这就是目前的工作方式。

如果您想绕过该可观察对象的更改检测,请不要使用 @Output 装饰器。删除装饰器并通过 exportAs 访问 emtter 属性 或在父组件中使用 @ViewChild

看看响应式表单是如何工作的。控件的指令具有 public 可观察值,用于不使用 @Output 的更改。它们只是 public 个可观察对象,您可以订阅它们。

因此,如果您想要一个不与变化检测耦合的可观察对象,那么只需将其设为 public 的可观察对象即可。这只是保持简单。添加仅在 @Output 有订阅者时才发出的逻辑会使您稍后阅读源代码时难以理解组件。

话虽如此,我会这样回答您的问题,这样您就可以仅在有订阅者时使用 @Output()

@Component({})
export class TestComponent implements OnInit {

    private lib: Lib;

    constructor(private ngZone: NgZone) {
    }

    @Output()
    public get emitter(): Observable<void> {
        return new Observable((subscriber) => {
            this.initLib();
            this.lib.on('click', () => {
                this.ngZone.run(() => {
                    subscriber.next();
                });
            });
        });
    }

    ngOnInit() {
        this.initLib();
    }

    private initLib() {
        if (!this.lib) {
            this.ngZone.runOutsideAngular(() => {
                this.lib = new Lib();
            });
        }
    }
}

如果我以后看到这段源码,我会有点疑惑程序员为什么要这么做。它添加了很多额外的逻辑,这些逻辑并不能清楚地解释逻辑正在解决的问题。

首先感谢cgTag的回答。它引导我进入更好的方向,它更具可读性、使用起来更舒适,而不是 getter 使用 Observable 自然惰性。

这里有一个很好解释的例子:

export class Component {

  private lib: any;

  @Output() event1 = this.createLazyEvent('event1');

  @Output() event2 = this.createLazyEvent<{ eventData: string; }>('event2');

  constructor(private el: ElementRef, private ngZone: NgZone) { }

  // creates an event emitter that binds to the library event
  // only when somebody explicitly calls for it: `<my-component (event1)="..."></my-component>`
  private createLazyEvent<T>(eventName: string): EventEmitter<T> {
    // return an Observable that is treated like EventEmitter
    // because EventEmitter extends Subject, Subject extends Observable
    return new Observable(observer => {
      // this is mostly required because Angular subscribes to the emitter earlier than most of the lifecycle hooks
      // so the chance library is not created yet is quite high
      this.ensureLibraryIsCreated();

      // here we bind to the event. Observables are lazy by their nature, and we fully use it here
      // in fact, the event is getting bound only when Observable will be subscribed by Angular
      // and it will be subscribed only when gets called by the ()-binding
      this.lib.on(eventName, (data: T) => this.ngZone.run(() => observer.next(data)));

      // important what we return here
      // it is quite useful to unsubscribe from particular events right here
      // so, when Angular will destroy the component, it will also unsubscribe from this Observable
      // and this line will get called
      return () => this.lib.off(eventName);
    }) as EventEmitter<T>;
  }

  private ensureLibraryIsCreated() {
    if (!this.lib) {
      this.ngZone.runOutsideAngular(() => this.lib = new MyLib());
    }
  }

}

这是另一个示例,其中使用了库实例 observable(每次重新创建时都会发出库实例,这是很常见的情况):

  private createLazyEvent<T>(eventName: string): EventEmitter<T> {
    return this.chartInit.pipe(
      switchMap((chart: ECharts) => new Observable(observer => {
        chart.on(eventName, (data: T) => this.ngZone.run(() => observer.next(data)));
        return null; // no need to react on unsubscribe as long as the `dispose()` is called in ngOnDestroy
      }))
    ) as EventEmitter<T>;
  }