为什么 CTE（通用 Table 表达式）在某些情况下与 SQL 服务器中的临时表相比会减慢查询速度
Why CTE (Common Table Expressions) in some cases slow down queries comparing to temporary tables in SQL Server
我有几个案例，我的复杂 CTE (Common Table Expressions) 比使用 SQL Server.
中的临时表的相同查询慢十倍
我的问题是关于 SQL Server 如何处理 CTE 查询，看起来它试图连接所有分离的查询而不是存储每个查询的结果然后尝试运行 以下几个。所以这可能就是使用临时表时速度如此之快的原因。
例如：
查询 1：使用 Common Table Expression:
;WITH Orders AS
(
SELECT
ma.MasterAccountId,
IIF(r.FinalisedDate IS NULL, 1, 0)) [Status]
FROM
MasterAccount ma
INNER JOIN
task.tblAccounts a ON a.AccountNumber = ma.TaskAccountId
AND a.IsActive = 1
LEFT OUTER JOIN
task.tblRequisitions r ON r.AccountNumber = a.AccountNumber
WHERE
ma.IsActive = 1
AND CAST(r.BatchDateTime AS DATE) BETWEEN @fromDate AND @toDate
AND r.BatchNumber > 0
),
StockAvailability AS
(
SELECT sa.AccountNumber,
sa.RequisitionNumber,
sa.RequisitionDate,
sa.Lines,
sa.HasStock,
sa.NoStock,
CASE WHEN sa.Lines = 0 THEN 'Empty'
WHEN sa.HasStock = 0 THEN 'None'
WHEN (sa.Lines > 0 AND sa.Lines > sa.HasStock) THEN 'Partial'
WHEN (sa.Lines > 0 AND sa.Lines <= sa.HasStock) THEN 'Full'
END AS [Status]
FROM
(
SELECT
r.AccountNumber,
r.RequisitionNumber,
r.RequisitionDate,
COUNT(rl.ProductNumber) Lines,
SUM(IIF(ISNULL(psoh.AvailableStock, 0) >= ISNULL(rl.Quantity, 0), 1, 0)) AS HasStock,
SUM(IIF(ISNULL(psoh.AvailableStock, 0) < ISNULL(rl.Quantity, 0), 1, 0)) AS NoStock
FROM task.tblrequisitions r
INNER JOIN task.tblRequisitionLines rl ON rl.RequisitionNumber = r.RequisitionNumber
LEFT JOIN ProductStockOnHandSummary psoh ON psoh.ProductNumber = rl.ProductNumber
WHERE dbo.fn_RemoveUnitPrefix(r.BatchNumber) = 0
AND r.UnitId = 1
AND r.FinalisedDate IS NULL
AND r.RequisitionStatus = 1
AND r.TransactionTypeNumber = 301
GROUP BY r.AccountNumber, r.RequisitionNumber, r.RequisitionDate
) AS sa
),
Available AS
(
SELECT ma.MasterAccountId,
SUM(IIF(ma.IsPartialStock = 1, CASE WHEN sa.[Status] IN ('Full', 'Partial') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END,
CASE WHEN sa.[Status] = 'Full' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)) AS AvailableStock,
SUM(IIF(sa.[Status] IN ('Full', 'Partial', 'None'), 1, 0)) AS OrdersAnyStock,
SUM(IIF(sa.RequisitionDate < dbo.TicksToTime(ma.DailyOrderCutOffTime, @toDate),
IIF(ma.IsPartialStock = 1, CASE WHEN sa.[Status] IN ('Full', 'Partial') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END,
CASE WHEN sa.[Status] = 'Full' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 0)) AS AvailableBeforeCutOff
FROM MasterAccount ma
INNER JOIN StockAvailability sa ON sa.AccountNumber = ma.TaskAccountId
GROUP BY ma.MasterAccountId, ma.IsPartialStock
),
Totals AS
(
SELECT
o.MasterAccountId,
COUNT(o.MasterAccountId) AS BatchedOrders
FROM Orders o
GROUP BY o.MasterAccountId
)
SELECT a.MasterAccountId,
ISNULL(t.BatchedOrders, 0) BatchedOrders,
ISNULL(t.PendingOrders, 0) PendingOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableStock, 0) AvailableOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableBeforeCutOff, 0) AvailableCutOff,
ISNULL(av.OrdersAnyStock, 0) AllOrders
FROM MasterAccount a
LEFT OUTER JOIN Available av ON av.MasterAccountId = a.MasterAccountId
LEFT OUTER JOIN Totals t ON t.MasterAccountId = a.MasterAccountId
WHERE a.IsActive = 1
查询 2: 使用临时表:
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS #Orders
CREATE TABLE #Orders (MasterAccountId int, [Status] int);
INSERT INTO #Orders
SELECT
ma.MasterAccountId,
dbo.fn_GetBatchPickingStatus(ma.BatchPickingOnHold,
iif(r.GroupNumber > 0, 1, 0),
iif(r.FinalisedDate is null, 1, 0)) [Status]
FROM MasterAccount ma (nolock)
INNER JOIN wh3.dbo.tblAccounts a (nolock) on a.AccountNumber = dbo.fn_RemoveUnitPrefix(ma.TaskAccountId) and a.IsActive = 1
LEFT OUTER JOIN wh3.dbo.tblRequisitions r (nolock) on r.AccountNumber = a.AccountNumber
WHERE cast(r.BatchDateTime as date) between @fromDate and @toDate
AND r.BatchNumber > 0
AND ma.IsActive = 1
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS #StockAvailability
Create Table #StockAvailability (AccountNumber int, RequisitionNumber int, RequisitionDate datetime, Lines int, HasStock int, NoStock int);
Insert Into #StockAvailability
SELECT
r.AccountNumber,
r.RequisitionNumber,
r.RequisitionDate,
COUNT(rl.ProductNumber) Lines,
SUM(IIF(ISNULL(psoh.AvailableStock, 0) >= ISNULL(rl.Quantity, 0), 1, 0)) AS HasStock,
SUM(IIF(ISNULL(psoh.AvailableStock, 0) < ISNULL(rl.Quantity, 0), 1, 0)) AS NoStock
FROM WH3.dbo.tblrequisitions r (nolock)
INNER JOIN WH3.dbo.tblRequisitionLines rl (nolock) ON rl.RequisitionNumber = r.RequisitionNumber
LEFT JOIN ProductStockOnHandSummary psoh (nolock) ON psoh.ProductNumber = rl.ProductNumber -- Joined with View
WHERE r.BatchNumber = 0
AND r.FinalisedDate is null
AND r.RequisitionStatus = 1
AND r.TransactionTypeNumber = 301
GROUP BY r.AccountNumber, r.RequisitionNumber, r.RequisitionDate
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS #StockAvailability2
Create Table #StockAvailability2 (AccountNumber int, RequisitionNumber int, RequisitionDate datetime, Lines int, HasStock int, NoStock int, [Status] nvarchar(7));
Insert Into #StockAvailability2
SELECT sa.AccountNumber,
sa.RequisitionNumber,
sa.RequisitionDate,
sa.Lines,
sa.HasStock,
sa.NoStock,
CASE WHEN sa.Lines = 0 THEN 'Empty'
WHEN sa.HasStock = 0 THEN 'None'
WHEN (sa.Lines > 0 AND sa.Lines > sa.HasStock) THEN 'Partial'
WHEN (sa.Lines > 0 AND sa.Lines <= sa.HasStock) THEN 'Full'
END AS [Status]
FROM #StockAvailability sa
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS #Available
Create Table #Available (MasterAccountId int, AvailableStock int, OrdersAnyStock int, AvailableBeforeCutOff int);
INSERT INTO #Available
SELECT ma.MasterAccountId,
SUM(IIF(ma.IsPartialStock = 1, CASE WHEN sa.[Status] IN ('Full', 'Partial') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END,
CASE WHEN sa.[Status] = 'Full' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)) AS AvailableStock,
SUM(IIF(sa.[Status] IN ('Full', 'Partial', 'None'), 1, 0)) AS OrdersAnyStock,
SUM(IIF(sa.RequisitionDate < dbo.TicksToTime(ma.DailyOrderCutOffTime, @toDate),
IIF(ma.IsPartialStock = 1, CASE WHEN sa.[Status] IN ('Full', 'Partial') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END,
CASE WHEN sa.[Status] = 'Full' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 0)) AS AvailableBeforeCutOff
FROM MasterAccount ma (NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN #StockAvailability2 sa ON sa.AccountNumber = dbo.fn_RemoveUnitPrefix(ma.TaskAccountId)
GROUP BY ma.MasterAccountId, ma.IsPartialStock
;WITH Totals AS
(
SELECT
o.MasterAccountId,
COUNT(o.MasterAccountId) AS BatchedOrders,
SUM(IIF(o.[Status] IN (0,1,2), 1, 0)) PendingOrders
FROM #Orders o (NOLOCK)
GROUP BY o.MasterAccountId
)
SELECT a.MasterAccountId,
ISNULL(t.BatchedOrders, 0) BatchedOrders,
ISNULL(t.PendingOrders, 0) PendingOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableStock, 0) AvailableOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableBeforeCutOff, 0) AvailableCutOff,
ISNULL(av.OrdersAnyStock, 0) AllOrders
FROM MasterAccount a (NOLOCK)
LEFT OUTER JOIN #Available av (NOLOCK) ON av.MasterAccountId = a.MasterAccountId
LEFT OUTER JOIN Totals t (NOLOCK) ON t.MasterAccountId = a.MasterAccountId
WHERE a.IsActive = 1
答案很简单。
SQL 服务器没有具体化 CTE。正如您从执行计划中看到的那样，它将它们内联。
其他 DBMS 可能以不同的方式实现它，一个众所周知的例子是 Postgres，它确实实现了 CTE（它实际上在幕后为 CTE 创建了临时表）。
显式临时表中中间结果的显式具体化是否更快，取决于查询。
在复杂查询中，将中间数据写入和读取到临时表的开销可以通过优化器能够生成的更高效、更简单的执行计划来抵消。
另一方面，在 Postgres 中 CTE 是一个 "optimisation fence" 并且引擎无法将谓词推过 CTE 边界。
有时一种方法更好，有时另一种更好。一旦查询复杂性超过某个阈值，优化器就无法分析所有可能的数据处理方式，它必须确定一些东西。例如，连接表的顺序。排列的数量随着可供选择的表的数量呈指数增长。优化器生成计划的时间有限，因此当所有 CTE 都内联时，它可能会做出糟糕的选择。当您手动将复杂的查询分解为更小的更简单的查询时，您需要了解自己在做什么，但优化器有更好的机会为每个简单的查询生成一个好的计划。
两者有不同的用例，不同advantages/disadvantages。
常用Table 表达式
常见的Table表达式应被视为表达式，而不是tables。作为表达式，CTE 不需要被实例化，因此查询优化器可以将其折叠到查询的其余部分，并优化 CTE 和查询其余部分的组合。
临时Tables
对于临时 tables，查询结果存储在临时数据库中的实时 table 中。然后可以在多个查询中重复使用查询结果，这与 CTE 不同，在 CTE 中，如果在多个单独的查询中使用 CTE，则必须成为每个单独查询的工作计划的一部分。
此外，临时 table 可以有索引、键等。将这些添加到临时 table 可以极大地帮助优化某些查询，并且在 CTE 中不可用，尽管 CTE 可以利用 CTE 底层 table 中的索引和键。
如果 CTE 的基础 table 不支持您需要的优化类型，临时 table 可能更好。
Temp table 的性能优于 CTE 的原因有多种，反之亦然，具体取决于特定的查询和要求。
在你的情况下，IMO 两个查询都没有优化。
因为每次引用 CTE 时都会对其进行评估。
所以在你的情况下
SELECT a.MasterAccountId,
ISNULL(t.BatchedOrders, 0) BatchedOrders,
ISNULL(t.PendingOrders, 0) PendingOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableStock, 0) AvailableOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableBeforeCutOff, 0) AvailableCutOff,
ISNULL(av.OrdersAnyStock, 0) AllOrders
FROM MasterAccount a
LEFT OUTER JOIN Available av ON av.MasterAccountId = a.MasterAccountId
LEFT OUTER JOIN Totals t ON t.MasterAccountId = a.MasterAccountId
WHERE a.IsActive = 1
此查询显示 High Cardinality estimate.MasterAccount table 被评估多次 times.Due 因此它很慢。
如果是温度 table,
SELECT a.MasterAccountId,
ISNULL(t.BatchedOrders, 0) BatchedOrders,
ISNULL(t.PendingOrders, 0) PendingOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableStock, 0) AvailableOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableBeforeCutOff, 0) AvailableCutOff,
ISNULL(av.OrdersAnyStock, 0) AllOrders
FROM MasterAccount a (NOLOCK)
LEFT OUTER JOIN #Available av (NOLOCK) ON av.MasterAccountId = a.MasterAccountId
LEFT OUTER JOIN Totals t (NOLOCK) ON t.MasterAccountId = a.MasterAccountId
WHERE a.IsActive = 1
此处 #Available 已经被评估，结果存储在临时 table 中，因此 MasterAccount table 与 Less 结果集连接，因此 Cardinality Estimate 较小。
与 #Orders table.
类似
CTE 和 Temp table 查询都可以根据您的情况进行优化，从而提高性能。
所以 #Orders 应该是你的基本温度 table 你不应该再次使用 MasterAccount later.you 应该改用 #Orders。
INSERT INTO #Available
SELECT ma.MasterAccountId,
SUM(IIF(ma.IsPartialStock = 1, CASE WHEN sa.[Status] IN ('Full', 'Partial') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END,
CASE WHEN sa.[Status] = 'Full' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)) AS AvailableStock,
SUM(IIF(sa.[Status] IN ('Full', 'Partial', 'None'), 1, 0)) AS OrdersAnyStock,
SUM(IIF(sa.RequisitionDate < dbo.TicksToTime(ma.DailyOrderCutOffTime, @toDate),
IIF(ma.IsPartialStock = 1, CASE WHEN sa.[Status] IN ('Full', 'Partial') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END,
CASE WHEN sa.[Status] = 'Full' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 0)) AS AvailableBeforeCutOff
FROM #Orders ma (NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN #StockAvailability2 sa ON sa.AccountNumber = dbo.fn_RemoveUnitPrefix(ma.TaskAccountId)
GROUP BY ma.MasterAccountId, ma.IsPartialStock
这里需要来自 MasterAcount table 的列，例如 ma.IsPartialStock 等应该合并到 #order table 本身，如果 possible.Hope 我的想法很清楚。
在上次查询中不需要 MasterAccount table
SELECT a.MasterAccountId,
ISNULL(t.BatchedOrders, 0) BatchedOrders,
ISNULL(t.PendingOrders, 0) PendingOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableStock, 0) AvailableOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableBeforeCutOff, 0) AvailableCutOff,
ISNULL(av.OrdersAnyStock, 0) AllOrders
FROM #Available av
LEFT OUTER JOIN Totals t ON t.MasterAccountId = av.MasterAccountId
--WHERE a.IsActive = 1
我认为在临时 table 中不需要 Nolock hint。
我有几个案例，我的复杂 CTE (Common Table Expressions) 比使用 SQL Server.
我的问题是关于 SQL Server 如何处理 CTE 查询，看起来它试图连接所有分离的查询而不是存储每个查询的结果然后尝试运行 以下几个。所以这可能就是使用临时表时速度如此之快的原因。
例如：
查询 1：使用 Common Table Expression:
;WITH Orders AS
(
SELECT
ma.MasterAccountId,
IIF(r.FinalisedDate IS NULL, 1, 0)) [Status]
FROM
MasterAccount ma
INNER JOIN
task.tblAccounts a ON a.AccountNumber = ma.TaskAccountId
AND a.IsActive = 1
LEFT OUTER JOIN
task.tblRequisitions r ON r.AccountNumber = a.AccountNumber
WHERE
ma.IsActive = 1
AND CAST(r.BatchDateTime AS DATE) BETWEEN @fromDate AND @toDate
AND r.BatchNumber > 0
),
StockAvailability AS
(
SELECT sa.AccountNumber,
sa.RequisitionNumber,
sa.RequisitionDate,
sa.Lines,
sa.HasStock,
sa.NoStock,
CASE WHEN sa.Lines = 0 THEN 'Empty'
WHEN sa.HasStock = 0 THEN 'None'
WHEN (sa.Lines > 0 AND sa.Lines > sa.HasStock) THEN 'Partial'
WHEN (sa.Lines > 0 AND sa.Lines <= sa.HasStock) THEN 'Full'
END AS [Status]
FROM
(
SELECT
r.AccountNumber,
r.RequisitionNumber,
r.RequisitionDate,
COUNT(rl.ProductNumber) Lines,
SUM(IIF(ISNULL(psoh.AvailableStock, 0) >= ISNULL(rl.Quantity, 0), 1, 0)) AS HasStock,
SUM(IIF(ISNULL(psoh.AvailableStock, 0) < ISNULL(rl.Quantity, 0), 1, 0)) AS NoStock
FROM task.tblrequisitions r
INNER JOIN task.tblRequisitionLines rl ON rl.RequisitionNumber = r.RequisitionNumber
LEFT JOIN ProductStockOnHandSummary psoh ON psoh.ProductNumber = rl.ProductNumber
WHERE dbo.fn_RemoveUnitPrefix(r.BatchNumber) = 0
AND r.UnitId = 1
AND r.FinalisedDate IS NULL
AND r.RequisitionStatus = 1
AND r.TransactionTypeNumber = 301
GROUP BY r.AccountNumber, r.RequisitionNumber, r.RequisitionDate
) AS sa
),
Available AS
(
SELECT ma.MasterAccountId,
SUM(IIF(ma.IsPartialStock = 1, CASE WHEN sa.[Status] IN ('Full', 'Partial') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END,
CASE WHEN sa.[Status] = 'Full' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)) AS AvailableStock,
SUM(IIF(sa.[Status] IN ('Full', 'Partial', 'None'), 1, 0)) AS OrdersAnyStock,
SUM(IIF(sa.RequisitionDate < dbo.TicksToTime(ma.DailyOrderCutOffTime, @toDate),
IIF(ma.IsPartialStock = 1, CASE WHEN sa.[Status] IN ('Full', 'Partial') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END,
CASE WHEN sa.[Status] = 'Full' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 0)) AS AvailableBeforeCutOff
FROM MasterAccount ma
INNER JOIN StockAvailability sa ON sa.AccountNumber = ma.TaskAccountId
GROUP BY ma.MasterAccountId, ma.IsPartialStock
),
Totals AS
(
SELECT
o.MasterAccountId,
COUNT(o.MasterAccountId) AS BatchedOrders
FROM Orders o
GROUP BY o.MasterAccountId
)
SELECT a.MasterAccountId,
ISNULL(t.BatchedOrders, 0) BatchedOrders,
ISNULL(t.PendingOrders, 0) PendingOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableStock, 0) AvailableOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableBeforeCutOff, 0) AvailableCutOff,
ISNULL(av.OrdersAnyStock, 0) AllOrders
FROM MasterAccount a
LEFT OUTER JOIN Available av ON av.MasterAccountId = a.MasterAccountId
LEFT OUTER JOIN Totals t ON t.MasterAccountId = a.MasterAccountId
WHERE a.IsActive = 1
查询 2: 使用临时表:
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS #Orders
CREATE TABLE #Orders (MasterAccountId int, [Status] int);
INSERT INTO #Orders
SELECT
ma.MasterAccountId,
dbo.fn_GetBatchPickingStatus(ma.BatchPickingOnHold,
iif(r.GroupNumber > 0, 1, 0),
iif(r.FinalisedDate is null, 1, 0)) [Status]
FROM MasterAccount ma (nolock)
INNER JOIN wh3.dbo.tblAccounts a (nolock) on a.AccountNumber = dbo.fn_RemoveUnitPrefix(ma.TaskAccountId) and a.IsActive = 1
LEFT OUTER JOIN wh3.dbo.tblRequisitions r (nolock) on r.AccountNumber = a.AccountNumber
WHERE cast(r.BatchDateTime as date) between @fromDate and @toDate
AND r.BatchNumber > 0
AND ma.IsActive = 1
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS #StockAvailability
Create Table #StockAvailability (AccountNumber int, RequisitionNumber int, RequisitionDate datetime, Lines int, HasStock int, NoStock int);
Insert Into #StockAvailability
SELECT
r.AccountNumber,
r.RequisitionNumber,
r.RequisitionDate,
COUNT(rl.ProductNumber) Lines,
SUM(IIF(ISNULL(psoh.AvailableStock, 0) >= ISNULL(rl.Quantity, 0), 1, 0)) AS HasStock,
SUM(IIF(ISNULL(psoh.AvailableStock, 0) < ISNULL(rl.Quantity, 0), 1, 0)) AS NoStock
FROM WH3.dbo.tblrequisitions r (nolock)
INNER JOIN WH3.dbo.tblRequisitionLines rl (nolock) ON rl.RequisitionNumber = r.RequisitionNumber
LEFT JOIN ProductStockOnHandSummary psoh (nolock) ON psoh.ProductNumber = rl.ProductNumber -- Joined with View
WHERE r.BatchNumber = 0
AND r.FinalisedDate is null
AND r.RequisitionStatus = 1
AND r.TransactionTypeNumber = 301
GROUP BY r.AccountNumber, r.RequisitionNumber, r.RequisitionDate
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS #StockAvailability2
Create Table #StockAvailability2 (AccountNumber int, RequisitionNumber int, RequisitionDate datetime, Lines int, HasStock int, NoStock int, [Status] nvarchar(7));
Insert Into #StockAvailability2
SELECT sa.AccountNumber,
sa.RequisitionNumber,
sa.RequisitionDate,
sa.Lines,
sa.HasStock,
sa.NoStock,
CASE WHEN sa.Lines = 0 THEN 'Empty'
WHEN sa.HasStock = 0 THEN 'None'
WHEN (sa.Lines > 0 AND sa.Lines > sa.HasStock) THEN 'Partial'
WHEN (sa.Lines > 0 AND sa.Lines <= sa.HasStock) THEN 'Full'
END AS [Status]
FROM #StockAvailability sa
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS #Available
Create Table #Available (MasterAccountId int, AvailableStock int, OrdersAnyStock int, AvailableBeforeCutOff int);
INSERT INTO #Available
SELECT ma.MasterAccountId,
SUM(IIF(ma.IsPartialStock = 1, CASE WHEN sa.[Status] IN ('Full', 'Partial') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END,
CASE WHEN sa.[Status] = 'Full' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)) AS AvailableStock,
SUM(IIF(sa.[Status] IN ('Full', 'Partial', 'None'), 1, 0)) AS OrdersAnyStock,
SUM(IIF(sa.RequisitionDate < dbo.TicksToTime(ma.DailyOrderCutOffTime, @toDate),
IIF(ma.IsPartialStock = 1, CASE WHEN sa.[Status] IN ('Full', 'Partial') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END,
CASE WHEN sa.[Status] = 'Full' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 0)) AS AvailableBeforeCutOff
FROM MasterAccount ma (NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN #StockAvailability2 sa ON sa.AccountNumber = dbo.fn_RemoveUnitPrefix(ma.TaskAccountId)
GROUP BY ma.MasterAccountId, ma.IsPartialStock
;WITH Totals AS
(
SELECT
o.MasterAccountId,
COUNT(o.MasterAccountId) AS BatchedOrders,
SUM(IIF(o.[Status] IN (0,1,2), 1, 0)) PendingOrders
FROM #Orders o (NOLOCK)
GROUP BY o.MasterAccountId
)
SELECT a.MasterAccountId,
ISNULL(t.BatchedOrders, 0) BatchedOrders,
ISNULL(t.PendingOrders, 0) PendingOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableStock, 0) AvailableOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableBeforeCutOff, 0) AvailableCutOff,
ISNULL(av.OrdersAnyStock, 0) AllOrders
FROM MasterAccount a (NOLOCK)
LEFT OUTER JOIN #Available av (NOLOCK) ON av.MasterAccountId = a.MasterAccountId
LEFT OUTER JOIN Totals t (NOLOCK) ON t.MasterAccountId = a.MasterAccountId
WHERE a.IsActive = 1
答案很简单。
SQL 服务器没有具体化 CTE。正如您从执行计划中看到的那样，它将它们内联。
其他 DBMS 可能以不同的方式实现它，一个众所周知的例子是 Postgres，它确实实现了 CTE（它实际上在幕后为 CTE 创建了临时表）。
显式临时表中中间结果的显式具体化是否更快，取决于查询。
在复杂查询中，将中间数据写入和读取到临时表的开销可以通过优化器能够生成的更高效、更简单的执行计划来抵消。
另一方面，在 Postgres 中 CTE 是一个 "optimisation fence" 并且引擎无法将谓词推过 CTE 边界。
有时一种方法更好，有时另一种更好。一旦查询复杂性超过某个阈值，优化器就无法分析所有可能的数据处理方式，它必须确定一些东西。例如，连接表的顺序。排列的数量随着可供选择的表的数量呈指数增长。优化器生成计划的时间有限，因此当所有 CTE 都内联时，它可能会做出糟糕的选择。当您手动将复杂的查询分解为更小的更简单的查询时，您需要了解自己在做什么，但优化器有更好的机会为每个简单的查询生成一个好的计划。
两者有不同的用例，不同advantages/disadvantages。
常用Table 表达式
常见的Table表达式应被视为表达式，而不是tables。作为表达式，CTE 不需要被实例化，因此查询优化器可以将其折叠到查询的其余部分，并优化 CTE 和查询其余部分的组合。
临时Tables
对于临时 tables，查询结果存储在临时数据库中的实时 table 中。然后可以在多个查询中重复使用查询结果，这与 CTE 不同，在 CTE 中，如果在多个单独的查询中使用 CTE，则必须成为每个单独查询的工作计划的一部分。
此外，临时 table 可以有索引、键等。将这些添加到临时 table 可以极大地帮助优化某些查询，并且在 CTE 中不可用，尽管 CTE 可以利用 CTE 底层 table 中的索引和键。
如果 CTE 的基础 table 不支持您需要的优化类型，临时 table 可能更好。
Temp table 的性能优于 CTE 的原因有多种，反之亦然，具体取决于特定的查询和要求。
在你的情况下，IMO 两个查询都没有优化。
因为每次引用 CTE 时都会对其进行评估。 所以在你的情况下
SELECT a.MasterAccountId,
ISNULL(t.BatchedOrders, 0) BatchedOrders,
ISNULL(t.PendingOrders, 0) PendingOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableStock, 0) AvailableOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableBeforeCutOff, 0) AvailableCutOff,
ISNULL(av.OrdersAnyStock, 0) AllOrders
FROM MasterAccount a
LEFT OUTER JOIN Available av ON av.MasterAccountId = a.MasterAccountId
LEFT OUTER JOIN Totals t ON t.MasterAccountId = a.MasterAccountId
WHERE a.IsActive = 1
此查询显示 High Cardinality estimate.MasterAccount table 被评估多次 times.Due 因此它很慢。
如果是温度 table,
SELECT a.MasterAccountId,
ISNULL(t.BatchedOrders, 0) BatchedOrders,
ISNULL(t.PendingOrders, 0) PendingOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableStock, 0) AvailableOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableBeforeCutOff, 0) AvailableCutOff,
ISNULL(av.OrdersAnyStock, 0) AllOrders
FROM MasterAccount a (NOLOCK)
LEFT OUTER JOIN #Available av (NOLOCK) ON av.MasterAccountId = a.MasterAccountId
LEFT OUTER JOIN Totals t (NOLOCK) ON t.MasterAccountId = a.MasterAccountId
WHERE a.IsActive = 1
此处 #Available 已经被评估，结果存储在临时 table 中，因此 MasterAccount table 与 Less 结果集连接，因此 Cardinality Estimate 较小。
与 #Orders table.
CTE 和 Temp table 查询都可以根据您的情况进行优化，从而提高性能。
所以 #Orders 应该是你的基本温度 table 你不应该再次使用 MasterAccount later.you 应该改用 #Orders。
INSERT INTO #Available
SELECT ma.MasterAccountId,
SUM(IIF(ma.IsPartialStock = 1, CASE WHEN sa.[Status] IN ('Full', 'Partial') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END,
CASE WHEN sa.[Status] = 'Full' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)) AS AvailableStock,
SUM(IIF(sa.[Status] IN ('Full', 'Partial', 'None'), 1, 0)) AS OrdersAnyStock,
SUM(IIF(sa.RequisitionDate < dbo.TicksToTime(ma.DailyOrderCutOffTime, @toDate),
IIF(ma.IsPartialStock = 1, CASE WHEN sa.[Status] IN ('Full', 'Partial') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END,
CASE WHEN sa.[Status] = 'Full' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 0)) AS AvailableBeforeCutOff
FROM #Orders ma (NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN #StockAvailability2 sa ON sa.AccountNumber = dbo.fn_RemoveUnitPrefix(ma.TaskAccountId)
GROUP BY ma.MasterAccountId, ma.IsPartialStock
这里需要来自 MasterAcount table 的列，例如 ma.IsPartialStock 等应该合并到 #order table 本身，如果 possible.Hope 我的想法很清楚。
在上次查询中不需要 MasterAccount table
SELECT a.MasterAccountId,
ISNULL(t.BatchedOrders, 0) BatchedOrders,
ISNULL(t.PendingOrders, 0) PendingOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableStock, 0) AvailableOrders,
ISNULL(av.AvailableBeforeCutOff, 0) AvailableCutOff,
ISNULL(av.OrdersAnyStock, 0) AllOrders
FROM #Available av
LEFT OUTER JOIN Totals t ON t.MasterAccountId = av.MasterAccountId
--WHERE a.IsActive = 1
我认为在临时 table 中不需要 Nolock hint。