OWL-API 5.1.6 SWRL 规则生成和 RDFXMLDocumentFormat：合并规则

Question

内容：

我正面临我所说的问题，但可能不是。

出于某些需要，我正在通过OWLAPI创建一系列swrl规则，序列化后将通过简单的文件上传添加到stardog存储库。

为了示例目的，我调整了我的代码以生成两个非常简单的 swrl 规则公理：对于给定的术语列表，如果一个项目具有所有术语，则它必须 class 化为class参数化class。

这里我选择了

番茄 -> 关于蔬菜
猴子、驴子 -> aboutAnimals

如何：

我用的是这个版本：

[根据 Ignazio 提示进行了编辑]

compile group: 'net.sourceforge.owlapi', name: 'owlapi-distribution', version: '5.1.6'

所以我有类似的东西来产生 swrl 规则公理：

import org.semanticweb.owlapi.apibinding.OWLManager;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.formats.RDFXMLDocumentFormat;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.*;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

public class WhosebugExemple {

private final static String BASE_IRI          = "http://foo.bar/exemple.owl";
private final static String CLASS_ITEM        = BASE_IRI + "#Item";
private final static String CLASS_TERM        = BASE_IRI + "#Term";
private final static String PROP_ISCLASSIFIED = BASE_IRI + "#isClassified";
private final static String PROP_HASTERM      = BASE_IRI + "#hasTerm";
private final static String IND_IT            = BASE_IRI + "#it";

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
   OWLOntologyManager manager = OWLManager.createOWLOntologyManager();
   OWLOntology onto = manager.createOntology();

   SWRLRule rule1 = createRule(manager, Arrays.asList(new String[]{"tomato"}), BASE_IRI + "#aboutVegetables");
   manager.applyChange(new AddAxiom(onto, rule1));

   SWRLRule rule2 = createRule(manager, Arrays.asList(new String[]{"monkey", "donkey"}), BASE_IRI + "#aboutAnimals");
   manager.applyChange(new AddAxiom(onto, rule2));

   File output = new File("foo.rdf");
   OWLDocumentFormat format = new RDFXMLDocumentFormat();
   manager.saveOntology(onto, format, IRI.create(output));
}

private static SWRLRule createRule(OWLOntologyManager manager,
                                   List<String> inputWords,
                                   String classificationClass) throws Exception {

   OWLDataFactory factory = manager.getOWLDataFactory();

   OWLClass classItem = factory.getOWLClass(IRI.create(CLASS_ITEM));
   OWLClass classTerm = factory.getOWLClass(IRI.create(CLASS_TERM));

   /**
    * Prepararing andecedent (has term conditions)
    */
   SWRLVariable varItem = factory.getSWRLVariable(IRI.create(IND_IT));
   OWLObjectProperty propHasTerm = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(IRI.create(PROP_HASTERM));

   Set<SWRLAtom> antecedent = new HashSet<>();

   for (String term : inputWords) {
      OWLNamedIndividual termInd = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(IRI.create(BASE_IRI + "#" + term));
      SWRLIndividualArgument termIndArg = factory.getSWRLIndividualArgument(termInd);
      SWRLObjectPropertyAtom propAtom = factory.getSWRLObjectPropertyAtom(propHasTerm,
                                                                          varItem,
                                                                          termIndArg);
      antecedent.add(propAtom);
      antecedent.add(factory.getSWRLClassAtom(classTerm, termIndArg));
      antecedent.add(factory.getSWRLClassAtom(classItem, varItem));
   }

   /**
    * Building consequent part
    */
   OWLNamedIndividual classificationIndividual = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(IRI.create(classificationClass));

   OWLObjectProperty propClassified = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(IRI.create(PROP_ISCLASSIFIED));

   SWRLObjectPropertyAtom propClassifiedAtom = factory.getSWRLObjectPropertyAtom(propClassified,
                                                                                 varItem,
                                                                                 factory.getSWRLIndividualArgument(classificationIndividual));

   Set<SWRLAtom> consequent = new HashSet<>();
   consequent.add(propClassifiedAtom);

   /**
    * Create the swrl rule
    */
   SWRLRule rule = factory.getSWRLRule(antecedent,
                                       consequent);

   return rule;
}

}

出了什么问题：

问题出在输出上，swrl规则合并

输出文件包含两个规则，没关系，但如果你看第一个，它包含第二个，或类似的东西。

输出文件内容（仅swrl规则部分）：

<rdf:Description>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Imp"/>
    <swrl:body>
        <rdf:Description>
            <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
            <rdf:first>
                <rdf:Description>
                    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom"/>
                    <swrl:propertyPredicate rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#hasTerm"/>
                    <swrl:argument1 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
                    <swrl:argument2 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#tomato"/>
                </rdf:Description>
            </rdf:first>
            <rdf:rest>
                <rdf:Description>
                    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
                    <rdf:first>
                        <rdf:Description>
                            <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#ClassAtom"/>
                            <swrl:classPredicate rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#Term"/>
                            <swrl:argument1 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#tomato"/>
                        </rdf:Description>
                    </rdf:first>
                    <rdf:rest>
                        <rdf:Description>
                            <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
                            <rdf:first>
                                <rdf:Description>
                                    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Imp"/>
                                    <swrl:body>
                                        <rdf:Description>
                                            <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
                                            <rdf:first>
                                                <rdf:Description>
                                                    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#ClassAtom"/>
                                                    <swrl:classPredicate rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#Term"/>
                                                    <swrl:argument1 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#monkey"/>
                                                </rdf:Description>
                                            </rdf:first>
                                            <rdf:rest>
                                                <rdf:Description>
                                                    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
                                                    <rdf:first>
                                                        <rdf:Description>
                                                            <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom"/>
                                                            <swrl:propertyPredicate rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#hasTerm"/>
                                                            <swrl:argument1 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
                                                            <swrl:argument2 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#monkey"/>
                                                        </rdf:Description>
                                                    </rdf:first>
                                                    <rdf:rest>
                                                        <rdf:Description>
                                                            <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
                                                            <rdf:first>
                                                                <rdf:Description>
                                                                    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom"/>
                                                                    <swrl:propertyPredicate rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#hasTerm"/>
                                                                    <swrl:argument1 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
                                                                    <swrl:argument2 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#donkey"/>
                                                                </rdf:Description>
                                                            </rdf:first>
                                                            <rdf:rest>
                                                                <rdf:Description>
                                                                    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
                                                                    <rdf:first>
                                                                        <rdf:Description>
                                                                            <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#ClassAtom"/>
                                                                            <swrl:classPredicate rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#Term"/>
                                                                            <swrl:argument1 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#donkey"/>
                                                                        </rdf:Description>
                                                                    </rdf:first>
                                                                    <rdf:rest>
                                                                        <rdf:Description>
                                                                            <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
                                                                            <rdf:first>
                                                                                <rdf:Description>
                                                                                    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#ClassAtom"/>
                                                                                    <swrl:classPredicate rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#Item"/>
                                                                                    <swrl:argument1 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
                                                                                </rdf:Description>
                                                                            </rdf:first>
                                                                            <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
                                                                        </rdf:Description>
                                                                    </rdf:rest>
                                                                </rdf:Description>
                                                            </rdf:rest>
                                                        </rdf:Description>
                                                    </rdf:rest>
                                                </rdf:Description>
                                            </rdf:rest>
                                        </rdf:Description>
                                    </swrl:body>
                                    <swrl:head>
                                        <rdf:Description>
                                            <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
                                            <rdf:first>
                                                <rdf:Description>
                                                    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom"/>
                                                    <swrl:propertyPredicate rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#isClassified"/>
                                                    <swrl:argument1 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
                                                    <swrl:argument2 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#aboutAnimals"/>
                                                </rdf:Description>
                                            </rdf:first>
                                            <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
                                        </rdf:Description>
                                    </swrl:head>
                                </rdf:Description>
                            </rdf:first>
                            <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
                        </rdf:Description>
                    </rdf:rest>
                </rdf:Description>
            </rdf:rest>
        </rdf:Description>
    </swrl:body>
    <swrl:head>
        <rdf:Description>
            <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
            <rdf:first>
                <rdf:Description>
                    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom"/>
                    <swrl:propertyPredicate rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#isClassified"/>
                    <swrl:argument1 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
                    <swrl:argument2 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#aboutVegetables"/>
                </rdf:Description>
            </rdf:first>
            <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
        </rdf:Description>
    </swrl:head>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Imp"/>
    <swrl:body>
        <rdf:Description>
            <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
            <rdf:first>
                <rdf:Description>
                    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#ClassAtom"/>
                    <swrl:classPredicate rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#Term"/>
                    <swrl:argument1 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#monkey"/>
                </rdf:Description>
            </rdf:first>
            <rdf:rest>
                <rdf:Description>
                    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
                    <rdf:first>
                        <rdf:Description>
                            <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom"/>
                            <swrl:propertyPredicate rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#hasTerm"/>
                            <swrl:argument1 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
                            <swrl:argument2 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#monkey"/>
                        </rdf:Description>
                    </rdf:first>
                    <rdf:rest>
                        <rdf:Description>
                            <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
                            <rdf:first>
                                <rdf:Description>
                                    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom"/>
                                    <swrl:propertyPredicate rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#hasTerm"/>
                                    <swrl:argument1 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
                                    <swrl:argument2 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#donkey"/>
                                </rdf:Description>
                            </rdf:first>
                            <rdf:rest>
                                <rdf:Description>
                                    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
                                    <rdf:first>
                                        <rdf:Description>
                                            <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#ClassAtom"/>
                                            <swrl:classPredicate rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#Term"/>
                                            <swrl:argument1 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#donkey"/>
                                        </rdf:Description>
                                    </rdf:first>
                                    <rdf:rest>
                                        <rdf:Description>
                                            <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
                                            <rdf:first>
                                                <rdf:Description>
                                                    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#ClassAtom"/>
                                                    <swrl:classPredicate rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#Item"/>
                                                    <swrl:argument1 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
                                                </rdf:Description>
                                            </rdf:first>
                                            <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
                                        </rdf:Description>
                                    </rdf:rest>
                                </rdf:Description>
                            </rdf:rest>
                        </rdf:Description>
                    </rdf:rest>
                </rdf:Description>
            </rdf:rest>
        </rdf:Description>
    </swrl:body>
    <swrl:head>
        <rdf:Description>
            <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
            <rdf:first>
                <rdf:Description>
                    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom"/>
                    <swrl:propertyPredicate rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#isClassified"/>
                    <swrl:argument1 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
                    <swrl:argument2 rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#aboutAnimals"/>
                </rdf:Description>
            </rdf:first>
            <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
        </rdf:Description>
    </swrl:head>
</rdf:Description>

帮助：

显然我看到了两种可能性：

我使用库的方式不对（我已经成功使用了这段代码:/）
库有问题（序列化）

所以，如果您有任何提示，遇到过类似的问题，或者只是看看我错在哪里，如果您能分享它，我会很高兴:-)

谢谢

Answer 1

Owlapi 3.5.0 很古老。您看到的结果似乎是 RDF/XML 渲染中的一个问题。

尝试两件事：

改用函数式语法或 OWL/XML，看看这是否有帮助
使用更新的 owlapi 版本。您的代码应使用 5.1.6 进行编译并稍作更改，其中大部分更改应仅针对包名称。

编辑：如前所述，实际使用的版本是5.1.6。看到的问题是一个错误，已在 5.1.7 版本中修复。

Answer 2

解决方案

正如 Ignazio 在评论中提到的那样，他修复了 5.1.7 版本中的错误

之前的部分解决方案（问题无论如何都发生了，有一组更重要的规则要序列化）

只要我没有太多时间去探究问题出在哪里，我就会选择使用另一种序列化格式，因为问题并不在于所有可用的序列化格式...

所以至少这两种格式没有问题：

OWLXMLDocumentFormat

<DLSafeRule>
    <Body>
        <ClassAtom>
            <Class IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#Term"/>
            <NamedIndividual IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#monkey"/>
        </ClassAtom>
        <ObjectPropertyAtom>
            <ObjectProperty IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#hasTerm"/>
            <Variable IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
            <NamedIndividual IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#monkey"/>
        </ObjectPropertyAtom>
        <ObjectPropertyAtom>
            <ObjectProperty IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#hasTerm"/>
            <Variable IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
            <NamedIndividual IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#donkey"/>
        </ObjectPropertyAtom>
        <ClassAtom>
            <Class IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#Term"/>
            <NamedIndividual IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#donkey"/>
        </ClassAtom>
        <ClassAtom>
            <Class IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#Item"/>
            <Variable IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
        </ClassAtom>
    </Body>
    <Head>
        <ObjectPropertyAtom>
            <ObjectProperty IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#isClassified"/>
            <Variable IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
            <NamedIndividual IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#aboutAnimals"/>
        </ObjectPropertyAtom>
    </Head>
</DLSafeRule>
<DLSafeRule>
    <Body>
        <ObjectPropertyAtom>
            <ObjectProperty IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#hasTerm"/>
            <Variable IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
            <NamedIndividual IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#tomato"/>
        </ObjectPropertyAtom>
        <ClassAtom>
            <Class IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#Term"/>
            <NamedIndividual IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#tomato"/>
        </ClassAtom>
        <ClassAtom>
            <Class IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#Item"/>
            <Variable IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
        </ClassAtom>
    </Body>
    <Head>
        <ObjectPropertyAtom>
            <ObjectProperty IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#isClassified"/>
            <Variable IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
            <NamedIndividual IRI="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#aboutVegetables"/>
        </ObjectPropertyAtom>
    </Head>
</DLSafeRule>

RioRDFXMLDocumentFormat

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Variable"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid15">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Imp"/>
    <body xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:nodeID="genid19"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid19">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
    <rdf:first rdf:nodeID="genid20"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid20">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom"/>
    <propertyPredicate xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#hasTerm"/>
    <argument1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
    <argument2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#tomato"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid19">
    <rdf:rest rdf:nodeID="genid17"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid17">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
    <rdf:first rdf:nodeID="genid18"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid18">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#ClassAtom"/>
    <classPredicate xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#Term"/>
    <argument1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#tomato"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid17">
    <rdf:rest rdf:nodeID="genid16"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid16">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
    <rdf:first rdf:nodeID="genid2"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid2">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Imp"/>
    <body xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:nodeID="genid11"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid11">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
    <rdf:first rdf:nodeID="genid12"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid12">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#ClassAtom"/>
    <classPredicate xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#Term"/>
    <argument1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#monkey"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid11">
    <rdf:rest rdf:nodeID="genid9"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid9">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
    <rdf:first rdf:nodeID="genid10"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid10">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom"/>
    <propertyPredicate xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#hasTerm"/>
    <argument1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
    <argument2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#monkey"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid9">
    <rdf:rest rdf:nodeID="genid7"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid7">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
    <rdf:first rdf:nodeID="genid8"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid8">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom"/>
    <propertyPredicate xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#hasTerm"/>
    <argument1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
    <argument2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#donkey"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid7">
    <rdf:rest rdf:nodeID="genid5"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid5">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
    <rdf:first rdf:nodeID="genid6"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid6">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#ClassAtom"/>
    <classPredicate xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#Term"/>
    <argument1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#donkey"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid5">
    <rdf:rest rdf:nodeID="genid3"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid3">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
    <rdf:first rdf:nodeID="genid1"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid1">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#ClassAtom"/>
    <classPredicate xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#Item"/>
    <argument1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid3">
    <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid2">
    <head xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:nodeID="genid13"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid13">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
    <rdf:first rdf:nodeID="genid14"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid14">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom"/>
    <propertyPredicate xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#isClassified"/>
    <argument1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
    <argument2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#aboutAnimals"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid13">
    <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid16">
    <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid15">
    <head xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:nodeID="genid21"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid21">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList"/>
    <rdf:first rdf:nodeID="genid22"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid22">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom"/>
    <propertyPredicate xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#isClassified"/>
    <argument1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#it"/>
    <argument2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" rdf:resource="http://foo.bar/exemple.owl#aboutVegetables"/>
</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="genid21">
    <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
</rdf:Description>

OWL-API 5.1.6 SWRL 规则生成和 RDFXMLDocumentFormat：合并规则

OWL-API 5.1.6 SWRL rule generation and RDFXMLDocumentFormat : rules are merged

java

owl-api

swrl

内容：

如何：

出了什么问题：

帮助：

解决方案

之前的部分解决方案（问题无论如何都发生了，有一组更重要的规则要序列化）

OWLXMLDocumentFormat

RioRDFXMLDocumentFormat