尝试在 JavaFX 中出现启动画面后切换阶段

Trying to switch stages after a splash screen in JavaFX

我试图显示启动画面,直到我加载所有必要的资源并打开主舞台,但我将 运行 保持为 InvocationTargetException

换句话说,我的初级阶段加载了一个 FXML,它有一个如下所示的控制器:

public class SplashController {

    @FXML
    VBox splashScreenVBox = new VBox();

    @FXML
    protected void initialize() throws InterruptedException, IOException {

        Stage primaryStage = (Stage) splashScreenVBox.getScene().getWindow();
        primaryStage.close();
        new MainStage();            
    }
}

MainStage class 正在加载 FXML 并显示场景:

public MainStage() throws IOException {

    Parent root = FXMLLoader.load(getClass().getResource("/core/views/Main.fxml"));
    this.setScene(new Scene(root, 800, 600));
    this.show();
}

我得到的错误指向我第一次 FXMLLoader.load() FXML 所在的行(我有两个 FXML 文件,每个阶段一个)。

有人可以解释一下为什么会发生这种情况,最好是如何正确使用 FXMLLoader,以防我正在做的事情有问题吗?

编辑:堆栈跟踪

Exception in Application start method
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplicationWithArgs(LauncherImpl.java:389)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication(LauncherImpl.java:328)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper$FXHelper.main(LauncherHelper.java:767)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Exception in Application start method
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication1(LauncherImpl.java:917)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication5(LauncherImpl.java:182)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: javafx.fxml.LoadException: 
/C:/Users/REDACTED/out/production/REDACTED/core/views/Splash.fxml

    at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.constructLoadException(FXMLLoader.java:2601)
    at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(FXMLLoader.java:2571)
    at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(FXMLLoader.java:2441)
    at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(FXMLLoader.java:3214)
    at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(FXMLLoader.java:3175)
    at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(FXMLLoader.java:3148)
    at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(FXMLLoader.java:3124)
    at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(FXMLLoader.java:3104)
    at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.load(FXMLLoader.java:3097)
    at core.Scenes.start(Scenes.java:19)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication12(LauncherImpl.java:863)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$runAndWait5(PlatformImpl.java:326)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$null3(PlatformImpl.java:295)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$runLater4(PlatformImpl.java:294)
    at com.sun.glass.ui.InvokeLaterDispatcher$Future.run(InvokeLaterDispatcher.java:95)
    at com.sun.glass.ui.win.WinApplication._runLoop(Native Method)
    at com.sun.glass.ui.win.WinApplication.lambda$null8(WinApplication.java:191)
    ... 1 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at sun.reflect.misc.Trampoline.invoke(MethodUtil.java:71)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at sun.reflect.misc.MethodUtil.invoke(MethodUtil.java:275)
    at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(FXMLLoader.java:2566)
    ... 17 more
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
    at core.controllers.SplashController.initialize(SplashController.java:18)
    ... 28 more
Exception running application core.Scenes

正如您从堆栈跟踪中看到的那样,您在第 18 行的 SplashControllerinitialize 方法中得到了一个 NullPointerException。我假设第 18 行是这一行:

Stage primaryStage = (Stage) splashScreenVBox.getScene().getWindow();

这个问题很可能是这个电话:getScene().getWindow()。方法 getScene() 将 return null 在这里,因为 splashScreenVBox 还不是 Scene 的一部分。怎么会这样? initialize 方法在 执行 FXMLLoader.load() 期间被调用 。这意味着您还没有机会将 FXMLLoader.load() 的结果添加到 Scene

要修复此选项,请向您的 SplashController 添加一个方法,该方法为 MainStage.

加载
FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader(getClass().getResource("your/resource"));
Parent root = loader.load();

Stage splashStage = new Stage();
splashStage.setScene(new Scene(root));
splashStage.show();

SplashController controller = loader.getController();
controller.loadMainApp(splashStage);

我将 splashStage 传递给方法,这样您就可以 hide/close 它准备好显示主要内容 Stage。根据代码的设计,除了传递参数之外,可能还有其他方法可以做到这一点。


有关如何创建抽象控制器的示例,当根添加到 Scene 并且 Scene 已添加到 Window 时,该控制器将自动调用方法。

import java.util.function.Consumer;
import javafx.beans.value.ChangeListener;
import javafx.beans.value.ObservableValue;
import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.scene.Node;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.stage.Window;

public abstract class AbstractController<T extends Node> {

  // protected so subclasses can access the root
  // directly. You could also hide this behind a
  // getter.
  @FXML protected T root;

  // Subclasses that override this method must call the
  // super implementation
  @FXML
  protected void initialize() {
    Consumer<Window> onNewWindow = this::onAddedToWindow;
    Consumer<Scene> onNewScene = scene ->
        scene.windowProperty().addListener(new SelfRemovingChangeListener<>(onNewWindow));
    root.sceneProperty().addListener(new SelfRemovingChangeListener<>(onNewScene));
  }

  protected abstract void onAddedToWindow(Window window);

  private static class SelfRemovingChangeListener<T> implements ChangeListener<T> {

    private final Consumer<? super T> onNewValue;

    private SelfRemovingChangeListener(Consumer<? super T> onNewValue) {
      this.onNewValue = onNewValue;
    }

    @Override
    public void changed(ObservableValue<? extends T> observable, T oldValue, T newValue) {
      onNewValue.accept(newValue);
      observable.removeListener(this);
    }

  }

}

这要求您的 FXML 文件中有一个 fx:id="root",并且根对象是一个 NodeonAddedToWindow 仅在 第一次 时被调用 root 被添加到 Window。您仍然需要将 root 添加到其他地方的 Window(无论您在哪里调用 FXMLLoader.load)。