如何使用 python 在 paho mqtt 中使用 ssl/tls？我得到证书验证失败
How to use ssl/tls in paho mqtt using python? I got certificate verify failed
我正在做一个物联网项目。我正在使用 paho MQTT，我需要使用 SSL。我使用 python 编写了发布代码，但在“证书验证失败”中出现错误。
我的发布代码
import time
import paho.mqtt.client as paho
import ssl
import certifi
#define callback
def on_message(client, userdata, message):
time.sleep(1)
print("received message =",str(message.payload.decode("utf-8")))
client= paho.Client("client-001")
client.on_message=on_message
print("connecting to broker ",)
client.tls_set("C:/Windows/system32/config/systemprofile/Desktop/attachments/server iot.crt", tls_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2)
client.tls_insecure_set(True)
client.connect("iot.eclipse.org", 8883, 60)
def on_log(client, userdata, level, buf):
print("log: ",buf)#connect
client.loop_start() #start loop to process received messages
print("publishing ")
client.publish("$SYS/muthu","muthupavithran",)#publish
client.on_log=on_log
client.loop_forever()
#client.loop(100)
我的错误是
connecting to broker
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\Desktop\attachments\publishTEST WITH LOG.py", line 14, in <module>
client.connect("iot.eclipse.org", 8883, 60)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\paho\mqtt\client.py", line 768, in connect
return self.reconnect()
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\paho\mqtt\client.py", line 927, in reconnect
sock.do_handshake()
File "C:\Python34\lib\ssl.py", line 810, in do_handshake
self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:600)
我的证书是
OpenSSL> s_client -showcerts -connect iot.eclipse.org:8883
CONNECTED(00000108)
depth=1 C = US, O = Let's Encrypt, CN = Let's Encrypt Authority X3
verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/CN=iot.eclipse.org
i:/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt/CN=Let's Encrypt Authority X3
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIGCjCCBPKgAwIBAgISBMZjyLzHsZWasgIDta0fSCB+MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUA
MEoxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRYwFAYDVQQKEw1MZXQncyBFbmNyeXB0MSMwIQYDVQQD
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V/jDTid21vBdhF2mQis=
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
1 s:/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt/CN=Let's Encrypt Authority X3
i:/O=Digital Signature Trust Co./CN=DST Root CA X3
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIEkjCCA3qgAwIBAgIQCgFBQgAAAVOFc2oLheynCDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADA/
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KOqkqm57TH2H3eDJAkSnh6/DNFu0Qg==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
---
Server certificate
subject=/CN=iot.eclipse.org
issuer=/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt/CN=Let's Encrypt Authority X3
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA512
Server Temp Key: ECDH, P-256, 256 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 3397 bytes and written 302 bytes
Verification error: unable to get local issuer certificate
---
New, TLSv1.2, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1.2
Cipher : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Session-ID: 8B1F036E44D23BD9F8CB52355705726639BE769B681154D1448EB4B264EE2F43
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key: 538D0967D0732F7A758317E764D2550E3C1330C1192353A89E99C3E66F4B5A51
485BB4ABF8434D23398CF84615DF54CF
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
SRP username: None
TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 300 (seconds)
TLS session ticket:
0000 - d7 03 bf d1 ff 2b f7 6c-1a b3 56 ec 3a dc 8b 19
.....+.l..V.:...
0010 - 9d 73 05 08 66 15 f3 bd-46 55 30 a0 1a e1 ca 07 .s..f...FU0.....
0020 - 06 14 08 43 41 8e 64 1e-55 97 17 be 24 a3 a1 10 ...CA.d.U...$...
0030 - 51 9b be c0 05 67 81 b9-e2 12 4c 80 bc 42 ed 9d Q....g....L..B..
0040 - 89 7a bf 9a 02 1a d6 35-07 39 6d ce 9c 8c dd cf .z.....5.9m.....
0050 - e2 0f f4 0f 3b e5 83 ec-2c 8d 54 bc 60 97 a1 c6 ....;...,.T.`...
0060 - 9c c0 78 e1 1c 28 9f 38-c7 0b d9 7b ad 2a 9e 69 ..x..(.8...{.*.i
0070 - af ef 2f 1b 2d e2 f9 8a-04 7a 6c 88 c8 28 14 8c ../.-....zl..(..
0080 - ac 7a 11 11 fa 94 0a 63-45 70 e8 a9 3f fb 8d be .z.....cEp..?...
0090 - df 9e 3c 15 20 6d 48 fe-40 d2 4f 28 58 49 a9 1b ..<. mH.@.O(XI..
00a0 - e7 1d de 1e ae f3 bc 57-79 0d e6 f5 5d 93 62 17 .......Wy...].b.
Start Time: 1534843470
Timeout : 7200 (sec)
Verify return code: 20 (unable to get local issuer certificate)
Extended master secret: no
---
我得到了这个证书，我也尝试将 certifi 安装到 python，但仍然显示相同的错误。
正如评论中所讨论的那样。
首先，您需要提供完整的 CA 链来验证 iot.eclipse.org 的证书。由于它看起来正在使用 LetsEncrypt CA，您可以找到根证书和中间证书 here
其次，您需要清理发布商代码。
import time
import paho.mqtt.client as paho
import ssl
#define callbacks
def on_message(client, userdata, message):
print("received message =",str(message.payload.decode("utf-8")))
def on_log(client, userdata, level, buf):
print("log: ",buf)
def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
print("publishing ")
client.publish("muthu","muthupavithran",)
client=paho.Client()
client.on_message=on_message
client.on_log=on_log
client.on_connect=on_connect
print("connecting to broker")
client.tls_set("C:/Windows/system32/config/systemprofile/Desktop/attachments/server iot.crt", tls_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2)
client.tls_insecure_set(True)
client.connect("iot.eclipse.org", 8883, 60)
##start loop to process received messages
client.loop_start()
#wait to allow publish and logging and exit
time.sleep(1)
此代码使用 on_connect 回调来确保它不会在连接失败时尝试发布，它还会删除硬编码的客户端 ID 以允许客户端使用随机生成的所以它不太可能在 public 测试代理上发生冲突。对 client.loop_forever() 的调用也被删除，因为您已经启动了网络循环，并且此客户端永远不需要 运行。
第三，你真的不应该发布到 $SYS 主题，这些主题是为了经纪人报告状态，而不是一般用途。此外，iot.eclipse.org 代理用于测试，您不应该计划将其用于生产中的任何内容。
最后我遇到了类似的问题，我找到了一个创建证书的库
import certifi
...
client.tls_set(certifi.where())
我正在做一个物联网项目。我正在使用 paho MQTT，我需要使用 SSL。我使用 python 编写了发布代码，但在“证书验证失败”中出现错误。
我的发布代码
import time
import paho.mqtt.client as paho
import ssl
import certifi
#define callback
def on_message(client, userdata, message):
time.sleep(1)
print("received message =",str(message.payload.decode("utf-8")))
client= paho.Client("client-001")
client.on_message=on_message
print("connecting to broker ",)
client.tls_set("C:/Windows/system32/config/systemprofile/Desktop/attachments/server iot.crt", tls_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2)
client.tls_insecure_set(True)
client.connect("iot.eclipse.org", 8883, 60)
def on_log(client, userdata, level, buf):
print("log: ",buf)#connect
client.loop_start() #start loop to process received messages
print("publishing ")
client.publish("$SYS/muthu","muthupavithran",)#publish
client.on_log=on_log
client.loop_forever()
#client.loop(100)
我的错误是
connecting to broker
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\Desktop\attachments\publishTEST WITH LOG.py", line 14, in <module>
client.connect("iot.eclipse.org", 8883, 60)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\paho\mqtt\client.py", line 768, in connect
return self.reconnect()
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\paho\mqtt\client.py", line 927, in reconnect
sock.do_handshake()
File "C:\Python34\lib\ssl.py", line 810, in do_handshake
self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:600)
我的证书是
OpenSSL> s_client -showcerts -connect iot.eclipse.org:8883
CONNECTED(00000108)
depth=1 C = US, O = Let's Encrypt, CN = Let's Encrypt Authority X3
verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/CN=iot.eclipse.org
i:/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt/CN=Let's Encrypt Authority X3
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIGCjCCBPKgAwIBAgISBMZjyLzHsZWasgIDta0fSCB+MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUA
MEoxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRYwFAYDVQQKEw1MZXQncyBFbmNyeXB0MSMwIQYDVQQD
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V/jDTid21vBdhF2mQis=
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
1 s:/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt/CN=Let's Encrypt Authority X3
i:/O=Digital Signature Trust Co./CN=DST Root CA X3
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIEkjCCA3qgAwIBAgIQCgFBQgAAAVOFc2oLheynCDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADA/
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bTA7BggrBgEFBQcwAoYvaHR0cDovL2FwcHMuaWRlbnRydXN0LmNvbS9yb290cy9k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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
---
Server certificate
subject=/CN=iot.eclipse.org
issuer=/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt/CN=Let's Encrypt Authority X3
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA512
Server Temp Key: ECDH, P-256, 256 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 3397 bytes and written 302 bytes
Verification error: unable to get local issuer certificate
---
New, TLSv1.2, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1.2
Cipher : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Session-ID: 8B1F036E44D23BD9F8CB52355705726639BE769B681154D1448EB4B264EE2F43
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key: 538D0967D0732F7A758317E764D2550E3C1330C1192353A89E99C3E66F4B5A51
485BB4ABF8434D23398CF84615DF54CF
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
SRP username: None
TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 300 (seconds)
TLS session ticket:
0000 - d7 03 bf d1 ff 2b f7 6c-1a b3 56 ec 3a dc 8b 19
.....+.l..V.:...
0010 - 9d 73 05 08 66 15 f3 bd-46 55 30 a0 1a e1 ca 07 .s..f...FU0.....
0020 - 06 14 08 43 41 8e 64 1e-55 97 17 be 24 a3 a1 10 ...CA.d.U...$...
0030 - 51 9b be c0 05 67 81 b9-e2 12 4c 80 bc 42 ed 9d Q....g....L..B..
0040 - 89 7a bf 9a 02 1a d6 35-07 39 6d ce 9c 8c dd cf .z.....5.9m.....
0050 - e2 0f f4 0f 3b e5 83 ec-2c 8d 54 bc 60 97 a1 c6 ....;...,.T.`...
0060 - 9c c0 78 e1 1c 28 9f 38-c7 0b d9 7b ad 2a 9e 69 ..x..(.8...{.*.i
0070 - af ef 2f 1b 2d e2 f9 8a-04 7a 6c 88 c8 28 14 8c ../.-....zl..(..
0080 - ac 7a 11 11 fa 94 0a 63-45 70 e8 a9 3f fb 8d be .z.....cEp..?...
0090 - df 9e 3c 15 20 6d 48 fe-40 d2 4f 28 58 49 a9 1b ..<. mH.@.O(XI..
00a0 - e7 1d de 1e ae f3 bc 57-79 0d e6 f5 5d 93 62 17 .......Wy...].b.
Start Time: 1534843470
Timeout : 7200 (sec)
Verify return code: 20 (unable to get local issuer certificate)
Extended master secret: no
---
我得到了这个证书，我也尝试将 certifi 安装到 python，但仍然显示相同的错误。
正如评论中所讨论的那样。
首先，您需要提供完整的 CA 链来验证 iot.eclipse.org 的证书。由于它看起来正在使用 LetsEncrypt CA，您可以找到根证书和中间证书 here
其次，您需要清理发布商代码。
import time
import paho.mqtt.client as paho
import ssl
#define callbacks
def on_message(client, userdata, message):
print("received message =",str(message.payload.decode("utf-8")))
def on_log(client, userdata, level, buf):
print("log: ",buf)
def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
print("publishing ")
client.publish("muthu","muthupavithran",)
client=paho.Client()
client.on_message=on_message
client.on_log=on_log
client.on_connect=on_connect
print("connecting to broker")
client.tls_set("C:/Windows/system32/config/systemprofile/Desktop/attachments/server iot.crt", tls_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2)
client.tls_insecure_set(True)
client.connect("iot.eclipse.org", 8883, 60)
##start loop to process received messages
client.loop_start()
#wait to allow publish and logging and exit
time.sleep(1)
此代码使用 on_connect 回调来确保它不会在连接失败时尝试发布，它还会删除硬编码的客户端 ID 以允许客户端使用随机生成的所以它不太可能在 public 测试代理上发生冲突。对 client.loop_forever() 的调用也被删除，因为您已经启动了网络循环，并且此客户端永远不需要 运行。
第三，你真的不应该发布到 $SYS 主题，这些主题是为了经纪人报告状态，而不是一般用途。此外，iot.eclipse.org 代理用于测试，您不应该计划将其用于生产中的任何内容。
最后我遇到了类似的问题，我找到了一个创建证书的库
import certifi
...
client.tls_set(certifi.where())