C#：SMO 问题与依赖关系/Multipe Create Table 语句

Question

我正在尝试使用 SMO 从现有数据库生成 SQL 脚本。后面会用到这个脚本来恢复没有数据的数据库。为此，我设置了一个如下所示的方法：

public void GenerateSQLScripts(string dbName)
    {

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        Server server = new Server(SqlServer);
        Database db = server.Databases[dbName];


        var scriptopt = new ScriptingOptions();
        scriptopt.TargetServerVersion = SqlServerVersion.Version105; // Windows 2008 R2
        scriptopt.AnsiPadding = true;
        scriptopt.WithDependencies = true;
        scriptopt.IncludeHeaders = true;
        scriptopt.SchemaQualify = true;
        scriptopt.ExtendedProperties = true;
        scriptopt.TargetDatabaseEngineType = DatabaseEngineType.Standalone;
        scriptopt.IncludeDatabaseContext = true;
        scriptopt.ScriptDrops = false;
        scriptopt.ScriptData = false;
        scriptopt.ScriptSchema = true;
        scriptopt.DriAllConstraints = true;
        scriptopt.DriForeignKeys = true;
        scriptopt.Indexes = true;
        scriptopt.DriPrimaryKey = true;
        scriptopt.DriUniqueKeys = true;
        scriptopt.DriChecks = true;
        scriptopt.AllowSystemObjects = false;
        scriptopt.AppendToFile = false;
        scriptopt.ScriptBatchTerminator = true;


        // script Tables
        foreach (Table t in db.Tables)
        {
            if (!t.IsSystemObject)
            {
                StringCollection sc = t.Script(scriptopt);
                foreach (string s in sc)
                {
                    sb.AppendLine(s);
                }
            }

        }

        //Script Stored Procedures
        foreach (StoredProcedure sp in db.StoredProcedures)
        {
            if (!sp.IsSystemObject)
            {
                var sc = sp.Script(scriptopt);
                foreach (string s in sc)
                {
                    sb.AppendLine(s);
                }
            } 

        }

        //Views
        foreach(View v in db.Views){
            if (!v.IsSystemObject)
            {
                StringCollection sc = v.Script(scriptopt);
                foreach (string s in sc)
                {
                    sb.AppendLine(s);
                }
            }

        }
        File.WriteAllText(Path, sb.ToString());

    }

此方法创建一个 SQL 文件，其中包含针对相同 table 的多个 Create Table 语句。每次引用 table 时都会发生这种情况，无论它是否存在。我通过关闭 WithDependencies 找到了解决此问题的方法：

scriptopt.WithDependencies = false;

现在脚本小了很多，因为没有额外的语句。但是由于我的语句中没有顺序，一些 table 引用了当时不存在的其他 table。经过一些研究，我发现 class DependencyWalker.

我更改了我的代码以使用此 class 并对语句的顺序进行排序以恢复我的数据库：

        UrnCollection ucol = new UrnCollection();
        foreach(Table t in db.Tables){
            ucol.Add(t.Urn);
        }

        DependencyWalker dw = new DependencyWalker(server);

        DependencyTree dtree = dw.DiscoverDependencies(ucol.ToArray(), DependencyType.Parents);

        DependencyCollection dcol = dw.WalkDependencies(dtree);

// ScriptingOptions

        Scripter scripter = new Scripter(server);
        foreach (Table t in db.Tables)
        {

            if (!t.IsSystemObject)
            {
                scripter.Options = scriptopt;
                scripter.Options.WithDependencies = false;
                IEnumerable<string> tscripts = scripter.EnumScriptWithList(dcol);
                foreach (string s in tscripts)
                {
                    sb.AppendLine(s);
                }
            }
        }

出于测试目的，源代码的其余部分不受影响。现在我得到了和以前一样的错误。我的脚本充满了多个 Create Table 语句，即使该选项已关闭，也会导致 Table already exists 错误。

Answer 1

Smo 是一桶笑声，不是吗？您会发现依赖遍历器对每个 table...产生了明显冗余的引用...因为多重关系...和级联关系。

帮自己一个忙，输出依赖步行者树的结果（自己步行）...所以你可以看到这是真的。这是我对 "see" 我所得到的所做的。请注意，缩进说明 tables 被多次提及......当你调用 WalkDependencies 时，这些只会被压扁成 "linear list"......这对你没有任何好处。

class Program
{
  static void Main( string[ ] args )
  {
    using ( var connection = new SqlConnection( "Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=...;Integrated Security=True" ) )
    {
      connection.Open( );
      var serverConnection = new ServerConnection( connection );
      var server = new Server( serverConnection );
      var db = server.Databases[ "..." ];
      var objects = new UrnCollection( );
      foreach ( Table table in db.Tables )
      {
        objects.Add( table.Urn );
      }
      var dependency = new DependencyWalker( server );
      var tree = dependency.DiscoverDependencies( objects, DependencyType.Parents );
      Walk( tree.FirstChild );
    }
  }

  static void Walk( DependencyTreeNode node, int depth = 0 )
  {
    Print( node.Urn, depth );
    if ( node.HasChildNodes )
    {
      Walk( node.FirstChild, depth + 1 );
    }
    if ( node.NextSibling != null )
    {
      Walk( node.NextSibling, depth );
    }
  }

  static void Print( string message, int depth )
  {
    var space = string.Empty;
    for ( int i = 0; i < depth; i++ ) space += " ";
    Debug.WriteLine( string.Format( "{0}{1}", space, message ) );
  }
}

我运行我在一个小型规范化数据库上使用上述代码，其中包含一组名义上的外键。正是这些外键导致多次提及给定的 table.

这是部分编辑的输出：

Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='AddressTypes' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='ApplicationComponents' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/UserDefinedFunction[@Name='GetApplicationElementExtension' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='ApplicationElements' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/UserDefinedFunction[@Name='GetApplicationElementName' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='ApplicationElements' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/UserDefinedFunction[@Name='GetArchitecture' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Architectures' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/UserDefinedFunction[@Name='GetArchitectureName' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Architectures' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/UserDefinedFunction[@Name='GetSetting' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Settings' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='ApplicationElements' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='ApplicationElements' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Architectures' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='DataFiles' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='FileSequence' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='DirectoryEntries' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Lists' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='ListSequence' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Names' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='NameSequence' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='SecurityIds' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='SecuritySequence' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='DirectoryEntrySequence' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Images' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Snapshots' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Machines' and @Schema='dbo']
   Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Architectures' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='SnapshotSequence' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Progress' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Progress' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Architectures' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='KeyTypes' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='ListItems' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Streams' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='DataFiles' and @Schema='dbo']
   Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='FileSequence' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Lists' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='ListSequence' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Lists' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='ListSequence' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='MachineAddresses' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Machines' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Architectures' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='AddressTypes' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='MachineKeys' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Machines' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Architectures' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='MachineKeySequence' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='KeyTypes' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Machines' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Architectures' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Names' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='NameSequence' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Progress' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='SecurityIds' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='SecuritySequence' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Settings' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='SnapshotDirectoryEntries' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Snapshots' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Machines' and @Schema='dbo']
   Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Architectures' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='SnapshotSequence' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Progress' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='DirectoryEntries' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Lists' and @Schema='dbo']
   Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='ListSequence' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Names' and @Schema='dbo']
   Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='NameSequence' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='SecurityIds' and @Schema='dbo']
   Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='SecuritySequence' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='DirectoryEntrySequence' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Snapshots' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Machines' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Architectures' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='SnapshotSequence' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Progress' and @Schema='dbo']
Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='Streams' and @Schema='dbo']
 Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Table[@Name='DataFiles' and @Schema='dbo']
  Server[@Name='...']/Database[@Name='...']/Sequence[@Name='FileSequence' and @Schema='dbo']

快速浏览会发现一些 table 被引用了六七次。

情况在好转之前会变得更糟。您最终要做的是找出独立的东西……可以首先编写脚本的东西。这些东西没有依赖关系。然后，将这些独立项目放入列表中，然后运行依赖遍历器一遍又一遍地向列表中添加内容……其中项目仅依赖于您已添加的项目。因此，您将获得 s scriptable 订单。

请注意，就地数据库在技术上仍然无法通过这种方式解决。 Table a 可以引用 table b，后者引用 table a。这是完全合法的（即使不受欢迎）。

我更喜欢做的是使用Visual Studio来完成艰苦的工作：

为 Visual Studio 添加 SQL 服务器数据工具，来自 here
创建数据库项目。
导入您现有的数据库。
Build+Publish菜单生成脚本

它可以做一些神奇的事情...比如创建对象然后修改它们以处理 a->b->a 类型的事情。您还可以发布到现有数据库，它会仔细生成一个仅进行更改的脚本。厉害了。

Answer 2

经过一些研究，我找到了解决问题的方法。起初我将 DriForeignKeys 的值更改为 false。这导致外键暂时被排除在脚本之外。创建表的脚本时，我使用 ForeignKeyCollection:

提取它们的外键

List<ForeignKeyCollection> fkcolList = new List<ForeignKeyCollection>();
foreach (Table t in db.Tables)
        {
            fkcolList.Add(t.ForeignKeys); // Extract the foreign keys
            if (!t.IsSystemObject)
            {
                StringCollection sc = t.Script(scriptopt);
                foreach (string s in sc)
                {
                    sb.AppendLine(s);
                }
            }
        }

现在我可以单独编写外键脚本并将其附加在脚本末尾：

 foreach (ForeignKeyCollection fkcol in fkcolList) // Generate Relations
        {
            foreach (ForeignKey fk in fkcol)
            {
                StringCollection sc = fk.Script();
                foreach (string s in sc)
                {
                    sb.AppendLine(s);
                }
            }
        }
        fkcolList.Clear();

这可能不是最好的解决方案，因为连续三个循环，但对我来说它工作得很好。

Answer 3

您可能不需要手动遍历任何内容。只需将脚本程序配置为包括您想要的类型（表、存储过程、所有者，甚至数据）和运行它将处理依赖项（至少它为我生成了一个 DataOnly 脚本）：

var server = new Server(@".\SQLExpress");
var database = server.Databases["mydb"];
var scripter = new Scripter(server);
//scripter.Options.WithDependencies = true; //didn't even need this option
scripter.Options.ScriptData = true;
scripter.Options.ScriptSchema = false;

var tables = database.Tables.Cast<Table>().Where(t => !t.IsSystemObject).ToList();
var scripts = scripter.EnumScriptWithList(tables.Select(t => t.Urn).ToArray());

return string.Join("\n", scripts.Select(s => s));

C#：SMO 问题与依赖关系/Multipe Create Table 语句

C#: SMO problems with dependencies / Multipe Create Table statements

c#

sql-server

smo