使用反射动态实例化 类 扩展基类

Dynamically instantiate classes extending baseclass using reflection

很长一段时间以来,我一直在努力寻找一种方法来动态实例化所有扩展特定基础class的classes(在运行时)。根据我的阅读,它应该使用 Reflection 来完成,不幸的是我还没有弄清楚怎么做。

我的项目结构如下所示:

Library
--|
  |
  --Vehicle.cs (abstract class)
  |
  --Car.cs (extending vehicle)
  |
  --Bike.cs (extending vehicle)
  |
  --Scooter.cs (extending vehicle)
  |
  --InstanceService.cs (static class)
  |
  |
ConsoleApplication
--|
  |
  --Program.cs

InstanceService class 包含一个通用方法,它应该 return 一个 IEnumerable<T> 包含实例化的 classes扩展 Vehicle,意思是 Car, Bike & Scooter.

下面发布的代码是 InstanceService class 的当前状态,在尝试了大量不同的解决方案之后,这意味着它主要包含调试工具。

InstanceService.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Library
{
    public static class InstanceService<T>
    {
        //returns instances of all classes of type T
        public static IEnumerable<T> GetInstances()
        {

            var interfaceType = typeof(T);
            List<T> list = new List<T>();
            Console.WriteLine("Interface type: " + interfaceType.ToString());
            var assemblies = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies();
            foreach(var assembly in assemblies)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Assembly: " + assembly.ToString());
                if (assembly.GetType().IsAbstract)
                {
                    var instance = (T) Activator.CreateInstance(assembly.GetType());
                    list.Add(instance);
                }
            }
            return list;
        }
    }
}

我还附上了摘要 Vehicle class 的代码及其实现之一。

Vehicle.cs

namespace Library
{
    public abstract class Vehicle
    {
        protected float maxSpeedInKmPerHour;
        protected float weightInKg;
        protected float priceInDkk;
    }
}

Car.cs

namespace Library
{
    public class Car : Vehicle
    {

        public Car()
        {
            this.maxSpeedInKmPerHour = 1200;
            this.weightInKg = 45000;
            this.priceInDkk = 71000000;
        }
    }
}

这适用于任何可以使用默认构造函数实例化的类型。你的 classes 是从另一个 class 派生出来的这一事实是无关紧要的,除非我遗漏了什么......

private T MakeInstance<T>()
{
    // the empty Type[] means you are passing nothing to the constructor - which gives
    // you the default constructor.  If you need to pass in an int to instantiate it, you
    // could add int to the Type[]...
    ConstructorInfo defaultCtor = typeof(T).GetConstructor(new Type[] { });

    // if there is no default constructor, then it will be null, so you must check
    if (defaultCtor == null)
        throw new Exception("No default constructor");
    else
    {
        T instance = (T)defaultCtor.Invoke(new object[] { });   // again, nothing to pass in.  If the constructor needs anything, include it here.
        return instance;
    }
}

我想你应该感兴趣的方法是IsAssignableFrom

此外,如果您被允许使用 LINQ,代码会更简单,并且由于您一次创建一个对象,我建议使用 yield return.

static IEnumerable<T> GetInstances<T>() 
{
    var baseType = typeof(T);
    var types = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()
        .SelectMany( a => a.GetTypes() )
        .Where
        (
            t => baseType.IsAssignableFrom(t)                  //Derives from base
              && !t.IsAbstract                                 //Is not abstract
              && (t.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes) != null)   //Has default constructor
        );


    foreach (var t in types)
    {
        yield return (T)Activator.CreateInstance(t);
    }
}

或者,如果出于某种原因你想炫耀,你想用一个声明来做到这一点:

    var types = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()
        .SelectMany( a => a.GetTypes() )
        .Where
        (
            t => typeof(T)IsAssignableFrom(t)  
              && !t.IsAbstract 
              && (t.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes) != null) 
        )
        .Select
        (
            t => (T)Activator.CreateInstance(t)
        );