布置一个ipheader和网络编程

Layout of an ip header and network programming

我正在选修 class 计算机和网络安全课程。我们正在编写一个数据包欺骗器。我可以从互联网上下载一个并使用它,但我更喜欢自己编写这些东西。下面是我用来表示 ip header 的结构,我是 basing off of the wikipedia article。我正在尝试发送一个 icmp ping 数据包。我已经成功完成了,但是只有在将 ip header 长度的值分配给版本字段之后,反之亦然。不知何故我设置了我的结构错误,或者我分配了错误的值,我不确定我做错了什么。

struct ip_header
{
    uint8_t version : 4 // version
        , ihl : 4; // ip header length
    uint8_t dscp : 6 // differentiated services code point
        , ecn : 2; // explicit congestion notification
    uint16_t total_length; // entire packet size in bytes
    uint16_t identification; // a unique identifier
    uint16_t flags : 3 // control and identify fragments
        , frag_offset : 13; // offset of fragment relative to the original
    uint8_t ttl; // how many hops the packet is allowd to travel
    uint8_t protocol; // what protocol is in use
    uint16_t checksum; // value used to determine bad packets
    uint32_t src_ip; // where the packet is form
    uint32_t dest_ip; // where the packet is going
};

如果我分配 versionihl,如下所示,wireshark 报告 header、"Bogus IPV4 version (0, must be 4)".

错误
char buffer[1024];
struct ip_header* ip = (struct ip_header*) buffer;
ip->version = 4;
ip->ihl = 5;

但是,更改为以下列表后,ICMP 请求正常通过。

char buffer[1024];
struct ip_header* ip = (struct ip_header*) buffer;
ip->version = 5;
ip->ihl = 4;

我试过在数字周围放置 htons,但这似乎没有任何用处。我在这里错过了什么?

您只需要更正结构的字节序。查看<netinet/ip.h>文件中定义的IP头结构:

  struct iphdr
  {
#if __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
    unsigned int ihl:4;
    unsigned int version:4;
#elif __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
    unsigned int version:4;
    unsigned int ihl:4;
#else
# error "Please fix <bits/endian.h>"
#endif
    uint8_t tos;
    uint16_t tot_len;
    uint16_t id;
    uint16_t frag_off;
    uint8_t ttl;
    uint8_t protocol;
    uint16_t check;
    uint32_t saddr;
    uint32_t daddr;
    /*The options start here. */
  };