处理列表中的冗余

Handling for redundancy in a list

假设我有一个包含州和县的元组列表:

stList = [('NJ', 'Burlington County'),
 ('NJ', 'Middlesex County'),
 ('VA', 'Frederick County'),
 ('MD', 'Montgomery County'),
 ('NC', 'Lee County'),
 ('NC', 'Alamance County')]

对于其中的每一项,我想将州与县压缩在一起,如下所示:

new_list = [{'NJ': 'Burlington County'},
{'NJ': 'Middlesex County'},
{'VA': 'Frederick County'},
{'MD': 'Montgomery County'},
{'NC': 'Lee County'},
{'NC': 'Alamance County'}]

我试过类似的方法,但它不能正常工作(它遍历每个 'letter' 并单独压缩它们):

new_list = []
for item in stList:
  d1 = dict(zip(item[0], item[1]))
  new_list.append(d1)

Returns:

 [{'N': 'B', 'J': 'u'},
 {'N': 'M', 'J': 'i'},
 {'V': 'F', 'A': 'r'},
 {'M': 'M', 'D': 'o'},
 {'N': 'L', 'C': 'e'},
 {'N': 'A', 'C': 'l'}]

为了让事情变得更复杂,我的最终目标实际上是为每个州(键)创建一个字典列表,其中以县(值)作为列表。如何修复压缩字典,然后将县作为每个州的列表?

final_list = [{'NJ': ['Burlington County', 'Middlesex County']},
{'VA': 'Frederick County'},
{'MD': 'Montgomery County'},
{'NC': ['Lee County', 'Alamance County'}]

你会得到错误的结果,因为 zip 将字符串视为可迭代对象。这是预期的行为。

你可能会得到接近你想要的东西:

result = dict()
for state, county in stList:
    result.setdefault(state, list()).append(county)

print(result)

结果是一个包含列表的字典。输出:

{'NJ': ['Burlington County', 'Middlesex County'], 'VA': ['Frederick County'], 'MD': ['Montgomery County'], 'NC': ['Lee County', 'Alamance County']}

您的代码被破坏的原因可能是由于对 zip 的误解。它基本上将每个名称视为一个单独的迭代器并迭代前两个字符 s[:1]。如果你想要每个州的州和县之间的映射,你可以试试这个:

mapping = {}
for state, cty in stList:
    if (state in mapping):
        mapping[state].append(cty)
    else:
        mapping[state] = [cty]

无论如何,这是最简单的方法。但是,如果您想使用 itertools,您可以像这样 groupby

mapping = dict( [ (k, [gg[1] for gg in g]) for k, g in groupby(stList, key = lambda x: x[0]) ] )

我认为 zip() 不适合这个。这里有两个可能的解决方案。 如果您必须使用列表来存储结果,您将不得不在此答案之后更进一步。但是,如果对结果使用 dict 可行,那么这个答案可能会让您到达那里:

 stList = [('NJ', 'Burlington County'),
 ('NJ', 'Middlesex County'),
 ('VA', 'Frederick County'),
 ('MD', 'Montgomery County'),
 ('NC', 'Lee County'),
 ('NC', 'Alamance County')]


new_list = []
for item in stList:
    new_list.append({item[0]:item[1]})

print "new list: ", new_list


new_dict = {}
for item in stList:
    if item[0] in new_dict:
        new_dict[item[0]].append(item[1])
    else:
        new_dict[item[0]] = [item[1]]

print "new dict: ", new_dict

这些解决方案产生以下结果:

新列表:[{'NJ':'Burlington County'},{'NJ':'Middlesex County'},{'VA':'Frederick County'} , {'MD': 'Montgomery County'}, {'NC': 'Lee County'}, {'NC': 'Alamance County'}]

新字典:{'VA': ['Frederick County'], 'NJ': ['Burlington County', 'Middlesex County'], 'NC': [ 'Lee County'、'Alamance County']、'MD':['Montgomery County']}

列表理解似乎是这里最简单的方法

[{i[0]:i[1]} for i in stList]

输出

[{'NJ': 'Burlington County'},
{'NJ': 'Middlesex County'},
{'VA': 'Frederick County'},
{'MD': 'Montgomery County'},
{'NC': 'Lee County'},
{'NC': 'Alamance County'}]

Poolka 的 setdefault 解决方案合理、高效且可读,但可以通过 defaultdict 变得更加直观:

from collections import defaultdict

result = defaultdict(list)
for state, county in stList:
    result[state].append(county)

如果您的列表中有带日期的三胞胎,您可以做一个嵌套版本:

result = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(list))
for state, county, date in stList:
    result[state][county].append(date)

对于没有上述任何属性的单行,您可以使用itertools.groupby ;)

from itertools import groupby
{k: [x[1] for x in g] for k, g in groupby(sorted(stList), key=lambda x: x[0])}

# {'NC': ['Alamance County', 'Lee County'], 
#  'MD': ['Montgomery County'], 
#  'NJ': ['Burlington County', 'Middlesex County'], 
#  'VA': ['Frederick County']}

从算法上讲,这更糟,因为它必须对初始 list.

进行排序