解析 Java 中没有 DOM 的高度嵌套 XML

Question

我的任务是修复一个相当恼人的堆内存不足问题。 IBM 提供了我们与 Java 一起使用的 Cognos SDK，我们查询存储在内容存储中的所有包，这些包以 xml 格式返回。然后我们解析 xml 并将其写入 sql 数据库。分析显示最严重的内存问题是由 Char[] 引起的，这不是很有帮助（而且堆太大以至于很难分析），但确实指向 DOM 解析器。

我们谈论的是 500-1500 个 xml 文件（好吧，从技术上讲，XML 文本流）嵌套得很深，大小不一，结构有时也各不相同。大小从几 KB 到 30 MB 不等，程序将在大约 300 个包后占用超过 8 GB 的内存。在我之前的程序员通过在每次 xml 解析后进行手动 System.gc 调用来处理这个问题，我希望远离它（而且它实际上也没有解决问题，只是让它在最小的情况下可行, 500包服务器）。

我尝试使用 JAXB，但它的结构很奇怪，因此很难在这里使用（它有一些 "folder or querySubject" 事情正在发生）。上周我尝试了 STAX 几个小时，但无法正常工作，WoodStox 也是如此。我真的找不到关于这样做的例子或教程。 JDOM 是我接下来检查的内容（因为我读到它比纯 DOM 具有更好的内存处理能力），但我无法弄清楚如何让它像解析一样深入DOM。当前 DOM 解析：

            is = new ByteArrayInputStream(xml.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            xmlDoc = builder.parse(is);
            is.close();
        String _path, datatype, regularAggregate, description, formula;
        String table, tableLoc;

            NodeList elements = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("*");
            for (int j = 0; j < elements.getLength(); j++) {


                Element element = (Element) elements.item(j);
                String nodeName = element.getNodeName();
                if (nodeName=="queryItem" || nodeName=="measure"|| 
                nodeName=="calculation" || nodeName=="filter") {
                    if (element.hasAttribute("_path")) {
                    path = element.getAttribute("_path"));
                    }

每个属性依此类推

我的 JDOM 尝试。目前，它只打印根元素，我还不能比第一个子层更深入：

SAXBuilder saxBuilder = new SAXBuilder();
Document document = saxBuilder.build(inputFile);

System.out.println("Root element :" + document.getRootElement().getName());
Element root = document.getRootElement();

List<Element> rList = root.getChildren("folder");

if (rList!= null) {
    for (Element node : rList) {
        List<Element> elements = node.getChildren("queryItem");
        if (elements!=null) {
            for (Element a:elements) {
            System.out.println(a.getAttribute("_path"));    
            }
            elements.size();
            rList.removeAll(elements);

        }
    }

随机包的生成xsd结构：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" elementFormDefault="qualified">
  <xs:element name="ResponseRoot">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element ref="folder"/>
        <xs:element ref="package"/>
      </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="package">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:attribute name="description" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="name" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="screenTip" use="required"/>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="folder">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:sequence>
        <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
          <xs:element ref="folder"/>
          <xs:element ref="querySubject"/>
        </xs:choice>
        <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" ref="filter"/>
      </xs:sequence>
      <xs:attribute name="_path" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="_ref" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="description" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="isNamespace" use="required" type="xs:integer"/>
      <xs:attribute name="name" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="screenTip" use="required"/>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="querySubject">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" ref="queryItem"/>
        <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" ref="queryItemFolder"/>
      </xs:sequence>
      <xs:attribute name="_path" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="_ref" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="description" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="name" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="screenTip" use="required"/>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="filter">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:attribute name="_path" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="_ref" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="description" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="expression" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="name" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="screenTip" use="required"/>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="queryItem">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:attribute name="_path" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="_ref" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="currency" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="datatype" use="required" type="xs:NCName"/>
      <xs:attribute name="description" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="displayType" use="required" type="xs:NCName"/>
      <xs:attribute name="expression" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="name" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="promptCascadeOnRef" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="promptDisplayItemRef" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="promptFilterItemRef" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="promptType" use="required" type="xs:NCName"/>
      <xs:attribute name="regularAggregate" use="required" type="xs:NCName"/>
      <xs:attribute name="screenTip" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="unSortable" use="required" type="xs:integer"/>
      <xs:attribute name="usage" use="required" type="xs:NCName"/>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
  xs:element name="queryItemFolder">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
        <xs:element ref="queryItem"/>
        <xs:element ref="queryItemFolder"/>
      </xs:choice>
      <xs:attribute name="_path" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="_ref" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="description" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="name" use="required"/>
      <xs:attribute name="screenTip" use="required"/>
     </xs:complexType>
     </xs:element>
     </xs:schema>

Answer 1

对于嵌套结构，如果为每个元素类型创建一个方法，则最容易管理。

例子

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    String xml = "<root>" +
                   "<folder name=\"A\">" +
                     "<folder name=\"B\">" +
                       "<book name=\"Learn Java\">" +
                         "<chapter name=\"Hello, World!\"/>" +
                         "<chapter name=\"Variables and Types\"/>" +
                       "</book>" +
                     "</folder>" +
                   "</folder>" +
                 "</root>";
    XMLInputFactory factory = XMLInputFactory.newFactory();
    XMLStreamReader reader = factory.createXMLStreamReader(new StringReader(xml));
    try {
        reader.nextTag(); // Position on root element
        String tagName = reader.getLocalName();
        if (! tagName.equals("root"))
            throw new XMLStreamException("Expected <root> element, found: " + tagName, reader.getLocation());
        parseRoot(reader);
    } finally {
        reader.close();
    }
}

private static void parseRoot(XMLStreamReader reader) throws XMLStreamException {
    while (reader.nextTag() != XMLStreamConstants.END_ELEMENT) {
        String tagName = reader.getLocalName();
        if (tagName.equals("folder")) {
            parseFolder(reader, Collections.emptyList());
        } else {
            throw new XMLStreamException("Expected <folder> element, found: " + tagName, reader.getLocation());
        }
    }
}

private static void parseFolder(XMLStreamReader reader, List<String> parentPaths) throws XMLStreamException {
    String folderName = reader.getAttributeValue(null, "name");
    if (folderName == null)
        throw new XMLStreamException("Missing 'name' attribute on <folder> element", reader.getLocation());
    List<String> folderPath = new ArrayList<>(parentPaths.size() + 1);
    folderPath.addAll(parentPaths);
    folderPath.add(folderName);
    while (reader.nextTag() != XMLStreamConstants.END_ELEMENT) {
        String tagName = reader.getLocalName();
        if (tagName.equals("folder")) {
            parseFolder(reader, folderPath);
        } else if (tagName.equals("book")) {
            parseBook(reader, folderPath);
        } else {
            throw new XMLStreamException("Expected <folder> or <book> element, found: " + tagName, reader.getLocation());
        }
    }
}

private static void parseBook(XMLStreamReader reader, List<String> folderPath) throws XMLStreamException {
    String bookName = reader.getAttributeValue(null, "name");
    if (bookName == null)
        throw new XMLStreamException("Missing 'name' attribute on <book> element", reader.getLocation());
    while (reader.nextTag() != XMLStreamConstants.END_ELEMENT) {
        String tagName = reader.getLocalName();
        if (tagName.equals("chapter")) {
            parseChapter(reader, folderPath, bookName);
        } else {
            throw new XMLStreamException("Expected <chapter> element, found: " + tagName, reader.getLocation());
        }
    }
}

private static void parseChapter(XMLStreamReader reader, List<String> folderPath, String bookName) throws XMLStreamException {
    String chapterName = reader.getAttributeValue(null, "name");
    if (chapterName == null)
        throw new XMLStreamException("Missing 'name' attribute on <chapter> element", reader.getLocation());
    if (! reader.getElementText().isEmpty())
        throw new XMLStreamException("<chapter> element must be empty", reader.getLocation());
    System.out.println("Found:");
    System.out.println("  Folder:  " + folderPath);
    System.out.println("  Book:    " + bookName);
    System.out.println("  Chapter: " + chapterName);
}

输出

Found:
  Folder:  [A, B]
  Book:    Learn Java
  Chapter: Hello, World!
Found:
  Folder:  [A, B]
  Book:    Learn Java
  Chapter: Variables and Types

解析 Java 中没有 DOM 的高度嵌套 XML

Parsing Highly Nested XML without DOM in Java

java

xml

cognos

out-of-memory