如何实时使用事件同时按下多个键? (快板 5)
How to press multiple keys at the same time using events in real-time? (Allegro 5)
这是困扰我多年的问题。
这是我的 game.h 和 game.cpp 文件:
game.h
#ifndef GAME_H_INCLUDED
#define GAME_H_INCLUDED
#include "init.h"
ALLEGRO_BITMAP *load_bmp(path *s);
struct Actor {
const char *path;
ALLEGRO_BITMAP *bmp;
int x;
int y;
int speed;
};
void init_game_bitmaps();
void draw_game_bitmaps();
extern map<string, bool> key_states;
void init_key_states();
void check_states();
void control_actor(Actor *target, int speed);
extern Actor player;
#endif // GAME_H_INCLUDED
game.cpp
#include "game.h"
ALLEGRO_BITMAP *load_bmp(path *s) {
ALLEGRO_BITMAP *bmp = nullptr;
bmp = al_load_bitmap(s);
if (!bmp) {
al_show_native_message_box(display,
"Fatal Error!",
"Failed to load: " ,
s,
NULL,
ALLEGRO_MESSAGEBOX_ERROR);
al_destroy_display(display);
return nullptr;
}
return bmp;
}
map<string, bool> key_states;
void init_key_states() {
key_states["UP"] = false;
key_states["DOWN"] = false;
key_states["LEFT"] = false;
key_states["RIGHT"] = false;
}
void check_states() {
auto key = e.keyboard.keycode;
for (auto it = key_states.begin(); it != key_states.end(); ++it) {
if (e.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN) {
if (key == ALLEGRO_KEY_UP) {
if (it->first == "UP") {
it->second = true;
}
}
if (key == ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN) {
if (it->first == "DOWN") {
it->second = true;
}
}
if (key == ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT) {
if (it->first == "LEFT") {
it->second = true;
}
}
if (key == ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT) {
if (it->first == "RIGHT") {
it->second = true;
}
}
} else if (e.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_UP) {
if (key == ALLEGRO_KEY_UP) {
if (it->first == "UP") {
it->second = false;
}
}
if (key == ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN) {
if (it->first == "DOWN") {
it->second = false;
}
}
if (key == ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT) {
if (it->first == "LEFT") {
it->second = false;
}
}
if (key == ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT) {
if (it->first == "RIGHT") {
it->second = false;
}
}
}
cout << it->first << " : " << it->second << endl;
}
}
void control_actor(Actor *target, int speed) {
if (key_states["UP"]) {
target->y -= speed;
}
if (key_states["DOWN"]) {
target->y += speed;
}
if (key_states["LEFT"]) {
target->x -= speed;
}
if (key_states["RIGHT"]) {
target->x += speed;
}
}
Actor player = {
"GFX\player_up.png",
nullptr,
(SCREEN_WIDTH / 2) - (ACTOR_SIZE / 2),
(SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2) - (ACTOR_SIZE / 2),
8};
void init_game_bitmaps() {
player.bmp = load_bmp(player.path);
}
void draw_game_bitmaps() {
al_draw_bitmap(player.bmp, player.x, player.y, 0);
al_flip_display();
}
现在这是我的主文件:
main.cpp
#include "init.h"
#include "game.h"
int main(int argc, char **argv){
init_all();
register_all();
init_game_bitmaps();
init_key_states();
while (running) {
draw_game_bitmaps();
al_wait_for_event(event_queue, &e);
if (e.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_DISPLAY_CLOSE) {
running = false;
}
check_states();
control_actor(&player, player.speed);
if (e.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN) {
if (e.keyboard.keycode == ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE) {
running = false;
}
if (e.keyboard.keycode == ALLEGRO_KEY_ENTER) {
cout << "It works!";
}
}
}
destroy_all();
return 0;
}
如您所见,我有一个 std::map 存储键状态(一个对应键盘的每个箭头),然后我有一个名为 check_states() 的过程,该过程遍历每个主循环的所有状态,如果它们各自的箭头被按下(向下),则将它们设置为真,而当它们被释放时,则设置为假。
问题:
如果我按住上键不放,然后按左键(不松开上键),玩家将沿对角线移动。 然而,如果我放开 LEFT,同时 仍然 按住 UP 键,播放器将停止,并且 UP 的状态将为真(并且我看到这个是因为我正在 couting 它)。
理论
al_wait_for_event()等待指定的事件队列非空(这意味着当我按下向上键时,它将事件复制到e,并且然后当我按下 LEFT 时,它必须取消 UP 并将一个新事件分配给 e,从而在我一次按下多个键时产生令人不快的 LAG)。考虑到这一点,我得出结论:好吧,我至少可以有五个独立的 event_queues 和五个不同的 "event objects"。我已经设法创建了一个 event_queues 和事件的向量,并在每个主循环中迭代它们,同时将每个事件传递给它各自的 event_queue 并且问题仍然存在.
那么,如何在实时中按下多个键?实时我的意思是真正的实时,没有延迟,没有任何键相互抵消。答案是关键状态?为什么?我怎样才能使用事件来做到这一点?有可能吗?
编辑:
我更改了我的 control_actor() 程序以便使用 al_key_down() 而不是检查事件,这是它的代码:
void control_actor(ALLEGRO_KEYBOARD_STATE *key, Actor *target, int speed) {
if (al_key_down(key, ALLEGRO_KEY_UP)) {
target->y -= speed;
cout << "UP" << endl;
}
if (al_key_down(key, ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN)) {
target->y += speed;
cout << "DOWN" << endl;
}
if (al_key_down(key, ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT)) {
target->x -= speed;
cout << "LEFT" << endl;
}
if (al_key_down(key, ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT)) {
target->x += speed;
cout << "RIGHT" << endl;
}
}
和新的main.cpp:
#include "init.h"
#include "game.h"
int main(int argc, char **argv){
init_all();
register_all();
init_game_bitmaps();
ALLEGRO_KEYBOARD_STATE key;
while (running) {
draw_game_bitmaps();
al_wait_for_event(event_queue, &e);
al_get_keyboard_state(&key);
control_actor(&key, &player, player.speed);
if (e.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_DISPLAY_CLOSE) {
running = false;
}
if (e.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN) {
if (e.keyboard.keycode == ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE) {
running = false;
}
if (e.keyboard.keycode == ALLEGRO_KEY_ENTER) {
cout << "It works!";
}
}
}
destroy_all();
return 0;
}
The post on the allegro forums linked in the comment is from 2002, and that code does not work anymore on Allegro 5. So I've checked the docs,我会告诉你:问题仍然存在。完全相同的事情发生了。当我同时按下另一个箭头时,一个箭头取消另一个,玩家停止移动一段时间。
快板 wiki 上的 Basic Keyboard Example 可能比旧的 post 更有帮助。
这里不需要管理多个事件队列。每个按键的按下和释放都应该被推入队列——您只需要确保处理队列中的每个事件。
基本上,您需要一个主循环:
- 处理当前队列中的每个事件
- 更新游戏状态
- 重绘屏幕
这是我起草的一个例子:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <allegro5/allegro.h>
#include <allegro5/allegro_primitives.h>
const int SPEED = 5;
const float FPS = 60;
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
ALLEGRO_DISPLAY *display = NULL;
ALLEGRO_EVENT_QUEUE *event_queue = NULL;
ALLEGRO_TIMER *timer = NULL;
int x = 0, y = 0; // position
int vx = 0, vy = 0; // velocity
// initialize everything we need -- error checking omitted for brevity
al_init();
al_install_keyboard();
al_init_primitives_addon();
display = al_create_display(640, 480);
event_queue = al_create_event_queue();
timer = al_create_timer(1.0 / FPS);
al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_keyboard_event_source());
al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_timer_event_source(timer));
al_start_timer(timer);
bool done = false;
while(!done) {
bool redraw = false;
// process events until queue is empty
while(!al_is_event_queue_empty(event_queue)) {
ALLEGRO_EVENT ev;
al_wait_for_event(event_queue, &ev);
switch(ev.type) {
case ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN:
switch(ev.keyboard.keycode) {
case ALLEGRO_KEY_W:
vy -= SPEED; // add upward velocity
break;
case ALLEGRO_KEY_S:
vy += SPEED; // add downward velocity
break;
case ALLEGRO_KEY_A:
vx -= SPEED; // add leftward velocity
break;
case ALLEGRO_KEY_D:
vx += SPEED; // add leftward velocity
break;
case ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE:
done = true;
break;
}
break;
case ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_UP:
switch(ev.keyboard.keycode) {
case ALLEGRO_KEY_W:
vy += SPEED; // remove upward velocity
break;
case ALLEGRO_KEY_S:
vy -= SPEED; // remove downward velocity
break;
case ALLEGRO_KEY_A:
vx += SPEED; // remove leftward velocity
break;
case ALLEGRO_KEY_D:
vx -= SPEED; // remove leftward velocity
break;
}
break;
case ALLEGRO_EVENT_TIMER:
redraw = true; // time for next frame
break;
}
}
// got through all the events this loop -- redraw if necessary
if (redraw) {
// move circle
x += vx;
y += vy;
// draw circle
al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(0, 0, 0));
al_draw_filled_circle(x, y, 20, al_map_rgb(0, 0, 255));
al_flip_display();
}
}
al_destroy_display(display);
return 0;
}
注意 while(!al_is_event_queue_empty(event_queue))
。这确保我们在进入更新循环之前不会错过任何事件。
如果您尝试 运行 这个例子,圆圈应该对 WASD 键的任意组合做出适当的响应。
如果您按住 S+D,它将沿对角线向右和向下移动。
松开S,它会继续向右移动,但不会向下移动。
希望对您有所帮助!
这是困扰我多年的问题。
这是我的 game.h 和 game.cpp 文件:
game.h
#ifndef GAME_H_INCLUDED
#define GAME_H_INCLUDED
#include "init.h"
ALLEGRO_BITMAP *load_bmp(path *s);
struct Actor {
const char *path;
ALLEGRO_BITMAP *bmp;
int x;
int y;
int speed;
};
void init_game_bitmaps();
void draw_game_bitmaps();
extern map<string, bool> key_states;
void init_key_states();
void check_states();
void control_actor(Actor *target, int speed);
extern Actor player;
#endif // GAME_H_INCLUDED
game.cpp
#include "game.h"
ALLEGRO_BITMAP *load_bmp(path *s) {
ALLEGRO_BITMAP *bmp = nullptr;
bmp = al_load_bitmap(s);
if (!bmp) {
al_show_native_message_box(display,
"Fatal Error!",
"Failed to load: " ,
s,
NULL,
ALLEGRO_MESSAGEBOX_ERROR);
al_destroy_display(display);
return nullptr;
}
return bmp;
}
map<string, bool> key_states;
void init_key_states() {
key_states["UP"] = false;
key_states["DOWN"] = false;
key_states["LEFT"] = false;
key_states["RIGHT"] = false;
}
void check_states() {
auto key = e.keyboard.keycode;
for (auto it = key_states.begin(); it != key_states.end(); ++it) {
if (e.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN) {
if (key == ALLEGRO_KEY_UP) {
if (it->first == "UP") {
it->second = true;
}
}
if (key == ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN) {
if (it->first == "DOWN") {
it->second = true;
}
}
if (key == ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT) {
if (it->first == "LEFT") {
it->second = true;
}
}
if (key == ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT) {
if (it->first == "RIGHT") {
it->second = true;
}
}
} else if (e.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_UP) {
if (key == ALLEGRO_KEY_UP) {
if (it->first == "UP") {
it->second = false;
}
}
if (key == ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN) {
if (it->first == "DOWN") {
it->second = false;
}
}
if (key == ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT) {
if (it->first == "LEFT") {
it->second = false;
}
}
if (key == ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT) {
if (it->first == "RIGHT") {
it->second = false;
}
}
}
cout << it->first << " : " << it->second << endl;
}
}
void control_actor(Actor *target, int speed) {
if (key_states["UP"]) {
target->y -= speed;
}
if (key_states["DOWN"]) {
target->y += speed;
}
if (key_states["LEFT"]) {
target->x -= speed;
}
if (key_states["RIGHT"]) {
target->x += speed;
}
}
Actor player = {
"GFX\player_up.png",
nullptr,
(SCREEN_WIDTH / 2) - (ACTOR_SIZE / 2),
(SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2) - (ACTOR_SIZE / 2),
8};
void init_game_bitmaps() {
player.bmp = load_bmp(player.path);
}
void draw_game_bitmaps() {
al_draw_bitmap(player.bmp, player.x, player.y, 0);
al_flip_display();
}
现在这是我的主文件:
main.cpp
#include "init.h"
#include "game.h"
int main(int argc, char **argv){
init_all();
register_all();
init_game_bitmaps();
init_key_states();
while (running) {
draw_game_bitmaps();
al_wait_for_event(event_queue, &e);
if (e.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_DISPLAY_CLOSE) {
running = false;
}
check_states();
control_actor(&player, player.speed);
if (e.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN) {
if (e.keyboard.keycode == ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE) {
running = false;
}
if (e.keyboard.keycode == ALLEGRO_KEY_ENTER) {
cout << "It works!";
}
}
}
destroy_all();
return 0;
}
如您所见,我有一个 std::map 存储键状态(一个对应键盘的每个箭头),然后我有一个名为 check_states() 的过程,该过程遍历每个主循环的所有状态,如果它们各自的箭头被按下(向下),则将它们设置为真,而当它们被释放时,则设置为假。
问题:
如果我按住上键不放,然后按左键(不松开上键),玩家将沿对角线移动。 然而,如果我放开 LEFT,同时 仍然 按住 UP 键,播放器将停止,并且 UP 的状态将为真(并且我看到这个是因为我正在 couting 它)。
理论
al_wait_for_event()等待指定的事件队列非空(这意味着当我按下向上键时,它将事件复制到e,并且然后当我按下 LEFT 时,它必须取消 UP 并将一个新事件分配给 e,从而在我一次按下多个键时产生令人不快的 LAG)。考虑到这一点,我得出结论:好吧,我至少可以有五个独立的 event_queues 和五个不同的 "event objects"。我已经设法创建了一个 event_queues 和事件的向量,并在每个主循环中迭代它们,同时将每个事件传递给它各自的 event_queue 并且问题仍然存在.
那么,如何在实时中按下多个键?实时我的意思是真正的实时,没有延迟,没有任何键相互抵消。答案是关键状态?为什么?我怎样才能使用事件来做到这一点?有可能吗?
编辑:
我更改了我的 control_actor() 程序以便使用 al_key_down() 而不是检查事件,这是它的代码:
void control_actor(ALLEGRO_KEYBOARD_STATE *key, Actor *target, int speed) {
if (al_key_down(key, ALLEGRO_KEY_UP)) {
target->y -= speed;
cout << "UP" << endl;
}
if (al_key_down(key, ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN)) {
target->y += speed;
cout << "DOWN" << endl;
}
if (al_key_down(key, ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT)) {
target->x -= speed;
cout << "LEFT" << endl;
}
if (al_key_down(key, ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT)) {
target->x += speed;
cout << "RIGHT" << endl;
}
}
和新的main.cpp:
#include "init.h"
#include "game.h"
int main(int argc, char **argv){
init_all();
register_all();
init_game_bitmaps();
ALLEGRO_KEYBOARD_STATE key;
while (running) {
draw_game_bitmaps();
al_wait_for_event(event_queue, &e);
al_get_keyboard_state(&key);
control_actor(&key, &player, player.speed);
if (e.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_DISPLAY_CLOSE) {
running = false;
}
if (e.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN) {
if (e.keyboard.keycode == ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE) {
running = false;
}
if (e.keyboard.keycode == ALLEGRO_KEY_ENTER) {
cout << "It works!";
}
}
}
destroy_all();
return 0;
}
The post on the allegro forums linked in the comment is from 2002, and that code does not work anymore on Allegro 5. So I've checked the docs,我会告诉你:问题仍然存在。完全相同的事情发生了。当我同时按下另一个箭头时,一个箭头取消另一个,玩家停止移动一段时间。
快板 wiki 上的 Basic Keyboard Example 可能比旧的 post 更有帮助。
这里不需要管理多个事件队列。每个按键的按下和释放都应该被推入队列——您只需要确保处理队列中的每个事件。
基本上,您需要一个主循环:
- 处理当前队列中的每个事件
- 更新游戏状态
- 重绘屏幕
这是我起草的一个例子:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <allegro5/allegro.h>
#include <allegro5/allegro_primitives.h>
const int SPEED = 5;
const float FPS = 60;
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
ALLEGRO_DISPLAY *display = NULL;
ALLEGRO_EVENT_QUEUE *event_queue = NULL;
ALLEGRO_TIMER *timer = NULL;
int x = 0, y = 0; // position
int vx = 0, vy = 0; // velocity
// initialize everything we need -- error checking omitted for brevity
al_init();
al_install_keyboard();
al_init_primitives_addon();
display = al_create_display(640, 480);
event_queue = al_create_event_queue();
timer = al_create_timer(1.0 / FPS);
al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_keyboard_event_source());
al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_timer_event_source(timer));
al_start_timer(timer);
bool done = false;
while(!done) {
bool redraw = false;
// process events until queue is empty
while(!al_is_event_queue_empty(event_queue)) {
ALLEGRO_EVENT ev;
al_wait_for_event(event_queue, &ev);
switch(ev.type) {
case ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN:
switch(ev.keyboard.keycode) {
case ALLEGRO_KEY_W:
vy -= SPEED; // add upward velocity
break;
case ALLEGRO_KEY_S:
vy += SPEED; // add downward velocity
break;
case ALLEGRO_KEY_A:
vx -= SPEED; // add leftward velocity
break;
case ALLEGRO_KEY_D:
vx += SPEED; // add leftward velocity
break;
case ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE:
done = true;
break;
}
break;
case ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_UP:
switch(ev.keyboard.keycode) {
case ALLEGRO_KEY_W:
vy += SPEED; // remove upward velocity
break;
case ALLEGRO_KEY_S:
vy -= SPEED; // remove downward velocity
break;
case ALLEGRO_KEY_A:
vx += SPEED; // remove leftward velocity
break;
case ALLEGRO_KEY_D:
vx -= SPEED; // remove leftward velocity
break;
}
break;
case ALLEGRO_EVENT_TIMER:
redraw = true; // time for next frame
break;
}
}
// got through all the events this loop -- redraw if necessary
if (redraw) {
// move circle
x += vx;
y += vy;
// draw circle
al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(0, 0, 0));
al_draw_filled_circle(x, y, 20, al_map_rgb(0, 0, 255));
al_flip_display();
}
}
al_destroy_display(display);
return 0;
}
注意 while(!al_is_event_queue_empty(event_queue))
。这确保我们在进入更新循环之前不会错过任何事件。
如果您尝试 运行 这个例子,圆圈应该对 WASD 键的任意组合做出适当的响应。 如果您按住 S+D,它将沿对角线向右和向下移动。 松开S,它会继续向右移动,但不会向下移动。
希望对您有所帮助!