将 16*2 键盘和 LCD 与 atmega32 接口

Interfacing 16*2 keypad and LCD with atmega32

我对键盘模块有一个令人失望的问题,当按下它的任何键时,它通常会显示在 LCD 模块上按下的键。问题是每当我按下该键时,行就会停止扫描,如果我的应用程序(例如,要接收密码并显示在 LCD 上的系统),我无法按下任何其他键以显示在我的 LCD 上。如果我想在 LCD 上显示一个列表并且我想在屏幕上翻另一页以继续显示我的列表,我现在面临的另一个问题。我怎样才能做到这一点?! 我附上了我的原理图的屏幕截图,另外我还提供了要检查的键盘和 LCD 的代码。无论如何谢谢你帮助我。

我的申请代码:

#define F_CPU 8000000UL
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include "LCD.h"
#include "Keypad.h"

int main(void)
{
    /* Replace with your application code */
    uint8_t keypadPress = 0;
    Keypad_vInit();
    LCD_vInit();

    while( !Keypad_u8Scan() )
    {
        keypadPress = Keypad_u8Scan();
        if( keypadPress == '8' )
        {
            LCD_vPrintChar( '8' );
            while( keypadPress == '8' );
        }
    }
}

我的液晶库:

#if defined MODE_4

static void sendFallingEdge( void ); /* This prototype is declared static       to avoid modifying it. */

static void sendFallingEdge( void )
{
    /* Initializing the EN pin of the LCD when detecting a falling edge. */
    /* The following code is the representation of falling edge using the   system clock. */
    PORTB |= ( 1 << EN );
    _delay_ms( 1 );
    PORTB &= ( ~ ( 1 << EN ) );
    _delay_ms( 1 );
}

void LCD_vSendCmd( char cmd )
{
    /* Transferring the first nibble. */
    PORTA &= 0x0F;
    PORTA |= ( cmd & 0xF0 );
    CLR_BIT( PORTB, RS ); /* Transferring instructions data. */
    sendFallingEdge( );

    /* Transferring the second nibble. */
    PORTA &= 0x0F;
    PORTA |= ( cmd << 4 );
    CLR_BIT( PORTB, RS ); /* Transferring instructions data. */
    sendFallingEdge( );
}

void LCD_vInit( void )
{
    DDRA |= 0xF0; /* DDRA |= 0b11110000; */
    DDRB |= 0x0E; /* DDRB |= 0b00001110; */ /* Those three HIGH bits are the RS, RW and EN respectively. */
    CLR_BIT( PORTB, RW ); /* Write mode enabled according to the LCD's datasheet. */

    LCD_vSendCmd( 0x33 );
    _delay_ms( 1 );

    LCD_vSendCmd( 0x32 );
    _delay_ms( 1 );

    LCD_vSendCmd( 0x28 );
    _delay_ms( 1 );

    LCD_vSendCmd( 0x01 );
    _delay_ms( 1 );

    LCD_vSendCmd( 0x0F );
    _delay_ms( 1 );
}

void LCD_vPrintChar( char data )
{
    PORTA &= 0x0F;
    PORTA |= ( data & 0xF0 );
    SET_BIT( PORTB, RS ); /* Transferring display data. */
    sendFallingEdge( );

    PORTA &= 0x0F;
    PORTA |= ( data << 4 ); 
    SET_BIT( PORTB, RS ); /* Transferring display data. */
    sendFallingEdge( );
}

void LCD_vPrintString( char * str )
{
    uint8_t counter;
    for( counter = 0; str[ counter ] != '[=11=]'; counter ++ )
    {
        LCD_vPrintChar( str[ counter ] );
    }
}

void LCD_vPrintNumbers( uint8_t str[ ], uint8_t size )
{
    uint8_t counter;
    for( counter = 0; str[ counter ] < size; counter ++ )
    {
        LCD_vPrintChar( str[ counter ] );
    }
}

void LCD_vClrScreen( void )
{
    LCD_vSendCmd( CLR_SCRN );
}

void LCD_vMoveCursor( char row, char column )
{
    char cmd;
    if( row == 1 )
    {
        cmd = STARTROW0 + column - 1;
        LCD_vSendCmd( cmd );
    }
    else if( row == 2 )
    {
        cmd = STARTROW1 + column - 1;
        LCD_vSendCmd( cmd );
    }
}

#endif

我的键盘库:

#include <avr/io.h>
#include "std_macros.h"

void Keypad_vInit( void )
{
    DDRC = 0x0F; 
    CLR_BIT( SFIOR, PUD ); 
    PORTC = 0xFF;          
}
unsigned char Keypad_u8Scan( void )
{
    unsigned char row, column, scan, buttonPressed = 0;
    unsigned char KP[ 4 ][ 4 ] = { { '7', '8', '9', '/' },
                                   { '4', '5', '6', '*' },
                                   { '1', '2', '3', '-' },
                                   { ' ', '0', '=', '+' }           
                                 };
    for( row = 0; row < 4; row ++ )
    {
        PORTC |= 0x0F;
        CLR_BIT( PORTC, row );
        for( column = 4; column < 8; column ++ )
        {
            scan = READ_BIT( PINC, column );
            if( scan == 0 )
            {
                buttonPressed = KP[ row ][ column - 4 ];
            }
        }
    }
    return buttonPressed;
}

最后是我的标准宏:

#define SET_BIT( REGISTER, BIT_NUM ) ( REGISTER = REGISTER | ( 1 << BIT_NUM ) )
#define CLR_BIT( REGISTER, BIT_NUM ) ( REGISTER = REGISTER & ( ~( 1 << BIT_NUM ) ) )

当前您的 while 循环在未按下某个键时循环:

while( !Keypad_u8Scan() )

它应该永远循环播放。

其后一行:

keypadPress = Keypad_u8Scan();

正在获取按键,一旦 while 循环固定,将接收多个按键,然后可以处理页面按钮并显示不同的页面。

您的 while 循环在 !Keypad_u8Scan() 为假时立即终止,然后 main() 终止。当按下 8 以外的任何键时都会发生这种情况,因为如果键是 8.

则您只等待键释放

在任何 "big-loop" 预定的嵌入式系统中,main() 不应正常终止 - 外部循环应该是不确定的。

下面的调度循环将起作用(假设小键盘和 LCD 功能起作用),并且更容易扩展——添加额外的按键事件处理程序只需将新的 case 块添加到switch:

for(;;) // forever
{
    // Wait for key-down
    do
    {
        keypadPress = Keypad_u8Scan();

    } while( keypadPress == 0 ) ;

    // Process key
    switch( keypadPress )
    {
        case '8' :
        {
            LCD_vPrintChar( '8' );
        }
        break ;

        default :
        {
            // any other key not explicitly handled
        }
    }

    // Wait for key-up
    while( Keypad_u8Scan() != 0 )
    {
        // do nothing
    }
}

也许更好的结构是有一个单独的函数来等待按下事件,如下所示:

uint8_t getKey()
{
    uint8_t key = 0 ;

    // Wait for key release if pressed on entry
    while( Keypad_u8Scan() != 0 )
    {
        // do nothing          
    } 

    // Wait for new key press
    do
    {
        key = Keypad_u8Scan();

    } while( key == 0 ) ;

    return key ;
}

那么你的主循环可以变得更简单:

for(;;) // forever
{
    keypadPress = getKey() ;

    // Process key
    switch( keypadPress )
    {
        case '8' :
        {
            LCD_vPrintChar( '8' );
        }
        break ;

        default :
        {
            // any other key
        }
    }
}