使用 ViewModel 和 DataBinding 更新 UI
Updating UI using ViewModel and DataBinding
我正在尝试在 android 中学习 ViewModel,在我的第一阶段学习中,我正在尝试使用 ViewModel 和 DataBinding 更新 UI (TextView)。在 ViewModel 中,我有一个 AsyncTask 回调,它将调用 REST API 调用。我收到来自 API 调用的响应,但 textview 中的值没有得到更新。
我的 ViewModel class:
public class ViewModelData extends ViewModel {
private MutableLiveData<UserData> users;
public LiveData<UserData> getUsers() {
if (users == null) {
users = new MutableLiveData<UserData>();
loadUsers();
}
return users;
}
public void loadUsers() {
ListTask listTask =new ListTask (taskHandler);
listTask .execute();
}
public Handler taskHandler= new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
UserData userData = (UserData) msg.obj;
users.setValue(userData);
}
};
}
和我的 MainActivity class:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements LifecycleOwner {
private LifecycleRegistry mLifecycleRegistry;
private TextView fName;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
fName = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.text_name);
mLifecycleRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this);
mLifecycleRegistry.markState(Lifecycle.State.CREATED);
ViewModelData model = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(ViewModelData.class);
model.getUsers().observe(this, new Observer<UserData>() {
@Override
public void onChanged(@Nullable UserData userData) {
Log.d("data"," = - - - - ="+userData.getFirstName());
}
});
}
@Override
public Lifecycle getLifecycle() {
return mLifecycleRegistry;
}
}
和我的数据 class:
public class UserData extends BaseObservable{
private String firstName ;
@Bindable
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
notifyPropertyChanged(BR.firstName);
}
}
和布局文件
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<data>
<import type="android.view.View" />
<variable name="data" type="com.cgi.viewmodelexample.UserData"/>
</data>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/activity_main"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context="com.cgi.viewmodelexample.MainActivity">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@{data.firstName}"
android:id="@+id/text_name"/>
</RelativeLayout>
</layout>
当您设置这样的值时,您需要通知观察者:
public class UserData extends BaseObservable{
private String firstName ;
@Bindable
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
notifyPropertyChanged(BR.firstName) // call like this
}
}
如果你想让绑定布局起作用,那么你必须以绑定方式设置你的视图。还要在绑定 class.
中设置数据
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements LifecycleOwner {
ActivityMainBinding binding;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);
...
ViewModelData model = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(ViewModelData.class);
...
binding.setData(model.getUsers());
}
}
我建议遵循以下基本原则:
- 不要通过业务或表示逻辑使数据对象过载
- 只有视图模型需要在表示层获取数据
- 视图模型应该只向表示层公开准备使用数据
- (可选)后台任务应公开
LiveData
以传送数据
实施说明:
firstName
在视图中是只读的
lastName
在视图中可编辑
loadUser()
不是线程安全的
- 我们在调用
save()
方法时出现错误消息,直到数据未加载
不要按业务或表示逻辑重载数据对象
假设,我们有 UserData
个带有名字和姓氏的对象。所以,吸气剂(通常)是我们所需要的:
public class UserData {
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
public UserData(String firstName, String lastName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
}
只有视图模型需要在演示文稿中获取数据
为了遵循这个建议,我们应该在数据绑定布局中只使用视图模型:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
tools:context="com.example.vmtestapplication.MainActivity">
<data>
<import type="android.view.View" />
<!-- Only view model required -->
<variable
name="vm"
type="com.example.vmtestapplication.UserDataViewModel" />
</data>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:animateLayoutChanges="true"
android:orientation="vertical">
<!-- Primitive error message -->
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@{vm.error}"
android:visibility="@{vm.error == null ? View.GONE : View.VISIBLE}"/>
<!-- Read only field (only `@`) -->
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@{vm.firstName}" />
<!-- Two-way data binding (`@=`) -->
<EditText
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@={vm.lastName}" />
</LinearLayout>
</layout>
注意:您可以在一个布局中使用几个视图模型,但不能使用原始数据
视图模型应仅将准备好使用的数据公开给演示文稿
这意味着,您不应该直接从视图模型公开复杂数据对象(在我们的例子中是UserData
)。最好公开视图可以使用 原样 的私有类型。在下面的示例中,我们不需要保存 UserData
对象,因为它仅用于加载 grouped 数据。我们可能需要创建 UserData
来保存它,但这取决于您的存储库实现。
public class UserDataViewModel extends ViewModel {
private ListTask loadTask;
private final MutableLiveData<String> firstName = new MediatorLiveData<>();
private final MutableLiveData<String> lastName = new MediatorLiveData<>();
private final MutableLiveData<String> error = new MutableLiveData<>();
/**
* Expose LiveData if you do not use two-way data binding
*/
public LiveData<String> getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
/**
* Expose MutableLiveData to use two-way data binding
*/
public MutableLiveData<String> getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public LiveData<String> getError() {
return error;
}
@MainThread
public void loadUser(String userId) {
// cancel previous running task
cancelLoadTask();
loadTask = new ListTask();
Observer<UserData> observer = new Observer<UserData>() {
@Override
public void onChanged(@Nullable UserData userData) {
// transform and deliver data to observers
firstName.setValue(userData == null? null : userData.getFirstName());
lastName.setValue(userData == null? null : userData.getLastName());
// remove subscription on complete
loadTask.getUserData().removeObserver(this);
}
};
// it can be replaced to observe() if LifeCycleOwner is passed as argument
loadTask.getUserData().observeForever(observer);
// start loading task
loadTask.execute(userId);
}
public void save() {
// clear previous error message
error.setValue(null);
String fName = firstName.getValue(), lName = lastName.getValue();
// validate data (in background)
if (fName == null || lName == null) {
error.setValue("Opps! Data is invalid");
return;
}
// create and save object
UserData newData = new UserData(fName, lName);
// ...
}
@Override
protected void onCleared() {
super.onCleared();
cancelLoadTask();
}
private void cancelLoadTask() {
if (loadTask != null)
loadTask.cancel(true);
loadTask = null;
}
}
后台任务应该公开 LiveData
以传送数据
public class ListTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, UserData> {
private final MutableLiveData<UserData> data= new MediatorLiveData<>();
public LiveData<UserData> getUserData() {
return data;
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(UserData userData) {
data.setValue(userData);
}
@Override
protected UserData doInBackground(String[] userId) {
// some id validations
return loadRemoiteUser(userId[0]);
}
}
MainActivity.java
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private UserDataViewModel viewModel;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
// get view model
viewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(UserDataViewModel.class);
// create binding
ActivityMainBinding binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);
// set view model to data binding
binding.setVm(viewModel);
// don't forget to set LifecycleOwner to data binding
binding.setLifecycleOwner(this);
// start user loading (if necessary)
viewModel.loadUser("user_id");
// ...
}
}
PS: 尝试使用 RxJava 库而不是 AsyncTask
来执行后台工作。
我正在尝试在 android 中学习 ViewModel,在我的第一阶段学习中,我正在尝试使用 ViewModel 和 DataBinding 更新 UI (TextView)。在 ViewModel 中,我有一个 AsyncTask 回调,它将调用 REST API 调用。我收到来自 API 调用的响应,但 textview 中的值没有得到更新。
我的 ViewModel class:
public class ViewModelData extends ViewModel {
private MutableLiveData<UserData> users;
public LiveData<UserData> getUsers() {
if (users == null) {
users = new MutableLiveData<UserData>();
loadUsers();
}
return users;
}
public void loadUsers() {
ListTask listTask =new ListTask (taskHandler);
listTask .execute();
}
public Handler taskHandler= new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
UserData userData = (UserData) msg.obj;
users.setValue(userData);
}
};
}
和我的 MainActivity class:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements LifecycleOwner {
private LifecycleRegistry mLifecycleRegistry;
private TextView fName;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
fName = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.text_name);
mLifecycleRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this);
mLifecycleRegistry.markState(Lifecycle.State.CREATED);
ViewModelData model = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(ViewModelData.class);
model.getUsers().observe(this, new Observer<UserData>() {
@Override
public void onChanged(@Nullable UserData userData) {
Log.d("data"," = - - - - ="+userData.getFirstName());
}
});
}
@Override
public Lifecycle getLifecycle() {
return mLifecycleRegistry;
}
}
和我的数据 class:
public class UserData extends BaseObservable{
private String firstName ;
@Bindable
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
notifyPropertyChanged(BR.firstName);
}
}
和布局文件
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<data>
<import type="android.view.View" />
<variable name="data" type="com.cgi.viewmodelexample.UserData"/>
</data>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/activity_main"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context="com.cgi.viewmodelexample.MainActivity">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@{data.firstName}"
android:id="@+id/text_name"/>
</RelativeLayout>
</layout>
当您设置这样的值时,您需要通知观察者:
public class UserData extends BaseObservable{
private String firstName ;
@Bindable
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
notifyPropertyChanged(BR.firstName) // call like this
}
}
如果你想让绑定布局起作用,那么你必须以绑定方式设置你的视图。还要在绑定 class.
中设置数据public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements LifecycleOwner {
ActivityMainBinding binding;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);
...
ViewModelData model = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(ViewModelData.class);
...
binding.setData(model.getUsers());
}
}
我建议遵循以下基本原则:
- 不要通过业务或表示逻辑使数据对象过载
- 只有视图模型需要在表示层获取数据
- 视图模型应该只向表示层公开准备使用数据
- (可选)后台任务应公开
LiveData
以传送数据
实施说明:
firstName
在视图中是只读的lastName
在视图中可编辑loadUser()
不是线程安全的- 我们在调用
save()
方法时出现错误消息,直到数据未加载
不要按业务或表示逻辑重载数据对象
假设,我们有 UserData
个带有名字和姓氏的对象。所以,吸气剂(通常)是我们所需要的:
public class UserData {
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
public UserData(String firstName, String lastName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
}
只有视图模型需要在演示文稿中获取数据
为了遵循这个建议,我们应该在数据绑定布局中只使用视图模型:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
tools:context="com.example.vmtestapplication.MainActivity">
<data>
<import type="android.view.View" />
<!-- Only view model required -->
<variable
name="vm"
type="com.example.vmtestapplication.UserDataViewModel" />
</data>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:animateLayoutChanges="true"
android:orientation="vertical">
<!-- Primitive error message -->
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@{vm.error}"
android:visibility="@{vm.error == null ? View.GONE : View.VISIBLE}"/>
<!-- Read only field (only `@`) -->
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@{vm.firstName}" />
<!-- Two-way data binding (`@=`) -->
<EditText
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@={vm.lastName}" />
</LinearLayout>
</layout>
注意:您可以在一个布局中使用几个视图模型,但不能使用原始数据
视图模型应仅将准备好使用的数据公开给演示文稿
这意味着,您不应该直接从视图模型公开复杂数据对象(在我们的例子中是UserData
)。最好公开视图可以使用 原样 的私有类型。在下面的示例中,我们不需要保存 UserData
对象,因为它仅用于加载 grouped 数据。我们可能需要创建 UserData
来保存它,但这取决于您的存储库实现。
public class UserDataViewModel extends ViewModel {
private ListTask loadTask;
private final MutableLiveData<String> firstName = new MediatorLiveData<>();
private final MutableLiveData<String> lastName = new MediatorLiveData<>();
private final MutableLiveData<String> error = new MutableLiveData<>();
/**
* Expose LiveData if you do not use two-way data binding
*/
public LiveData<String> getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
/**
* Expose MutableLiveData to use two-way data binding
*/
public MutableLiveData<String> getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public LiveData<String> getError() {
return error;
}
@MainThread
public void loadUser(String userId) {
// cancel previous running task
cancelLoadTask();
loadTask = new ListTask();
Observer<UserData> observer = new Observer<UserData>() {
@Override
public void onChanged(@Nullable UserData userData) {
// transform and deliver data to observers
firstName.setValue(userData == null? null : userData.getFirstName());
lastName.setValue(userData == null? null : userData.getLastName());
// remove subscription on complete
loadTask.getUserData().removeObserver(this);
}
};
// it can be replaced to observe() if LifeCycleOwner is passed as argument
loadTask.getUserData().observeForever(observer);
// start loading task
loadTask.execute(userId);
}
public void save() {
// clear previous error message
error.setValue(null);
String fName = firstName.getValue(), lName = lastName.getValue();
// validate data (in background)
if (fName == null || lName == null) {
error.setValue("Opps! Data is invalid");
return;
}
// create and save object
UserData newData = new UserData(fName, lName);
// ...
}
@Override
protected void onCleared() {
super.onCleared();
cancelLoadTask();
}
private void cancelLoadTask() {
if (loadTask != null)
loadTask.cancel(true);
loadTask = null;
}
}
后台任务应该公开 LiveData
以传送数据
public class ListTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, UserData> {
private final MutableLiveData<UserData> data= new MediatorLiveData<>();
public LiveData<UserData> getUserData() {
return data;
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(UserData userData) {
data.setValue(userData);
}
@Override
protected UserData doInBackground(String[] userId) {
// some id validations
return loadRemoiteUser(userId[0]);
}
}
MainActivity.java
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private UserDataViewModel viewModel;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
// get view model
viewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(UserDataViewModel.class);
// create binding
ActivityMainBinding binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);
// set view model to data binding
binding.setVm(viewModel);
// don't forget to set LifecycleOwner to data binding
binding.setLifecycleOwner(this);
// start user loading (if necessary)
viewModel.loadUser("user_id");
// ...
}
}
PS: 尝试使用 RxJava 库而不是 AsyncTask
来执行后台工作。