使用 Matplotlib-Basemap 和 Xarray 绘制 lat/lon 网格线

Plotting lat/lon gridlines using Matplotlib-Basemap and Xarray

我有一个 xarray DataArray da,其中包含爱尔兰的一段数据,如下所示:

<xarray.DataArray 'co2' (lat: 733, lon: 720)>
array([[nan, nan, nan, ..., nan, nan, nan],
   [nan, nan, nan, ..., nan, nan, nan],
   [nan, nan, nan, ..., nan, nan, nan],
   ...,
   [nan, nan, nan, ..., nan, nan, nan],
   [nan, nan, nan, ..., nan, nan, nan],
   [nan, nan, nan, ..., nan, nan, nan]])
Coordinates:
  * lat      (lat) float32 49.9 49.908333 49.916664 49.924995 49.933327 ...
  * lon      (lon) float32 -11.0 -10.991667 -10.983334 -10.975 -10.966667 ...

我可以这样映射:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import xarray
import os
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap, cm

m= Basemap(projection='cyl',lat_0=ds.co2.lat[0],lon_0=ds.co2.lon[len(ds.co2.lon)/2])
m.drawcoastlines()
da.plot()

问题是 lat/lon 网格线不绘制。

当我使用经络命令时:

meridians = np.arange(10.,351.,20.)
m.drawmeridians(meridians,labels=[True,False,False,True])

我收到以下错误:

ValueError: dimensions () must have the same length as the number of data dimensions, ndim=1

我不知道接下来要尝试什么。

编辑:完整错误跟踪:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-46-45a293c8bb99> in <module>()
  4 
  5 # draw grid plots
----> 6 m.drawmeridians(np.arange(-8.0,2.0,1.0),labels=[1,0,0,0]) #longitudes
      7 m.drawparallels(np.arange(51.0,59.0,1.0),labels=[0,0,0,1]) #latitudes
      8 

C:\Users\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda\lib\site-    packages\mpl_toolkits\basemap\__init__.pyc in drawmeridians(self, meridians, color, linewidth, zorder, dashes, labels, labelstyle, fmt, xoffset, yoffset, ax, latmax, **kwargs)
   2593             # don't really know why, but this appears to be needed to
   2594             # or lines sometimes don't reach edge of plot.
-> 2595             testx = np.logical_and(x>=self.xmin-3*xdelta,x<=self.xmax+3*xdelta)
   2596             x = np.compress(testx, x)
   2597             y = np.compress(testx, y)

C:\Users\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\xarray\core\dataarray.pyc in func(self, other)
   1550 
   1551             variable = (f(self.variable, other_variable)
-> 1552                         if not reflexive
   1553                         else f(other_variable, self.variable))
   1554             coords = self.coords._merge_raw(other_coords)

C:\Users\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\xarray\core\variable.pyc in func(self, other)
   1164                         if not reflexive
   1165                         else f(other_data, self_data))
-> 1166             result = Variable(dims, new_data)
   1167             return result
   1168         return func

C:\Users\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\xarray\core\variable.pyc in __init__(self, dims, data, attrs, encoding, fastpath)
    255         """
    256         self._data = as_compatible_data(data, fastpath=fastpath)
--> 257         self._dims = self._parse_dimensions(dims)
    258         self._attrs = None
    259         self._encoding = None

C:\Users\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\xarray\core\variable.pyc in _parse_dimensions(self, dims)
    364             raise ValueError('dimensions %s must have the same length as the '
    365                              'number of data dimensions, ndim=%s'
--> 366                              % (dims, self.ndim))
    367         return dims
    368 

ValueError: dimensions () must have the same length as the number of data dimensions, ndim=1

尝试使用cartopy instead of Basemap. See related issue .

TL:DR-我在你的数据集上使用你的代码没有问题,让我们找出原因

我用了你的小数据集,这段代码:

ds=xarray.open_dataset(r"C:\Users\SHIR\Downloads\OneYear.nc")
da=ds.co2
m= Basemap(projection='cyl',lat_0=ds.co2.lat[0],lon_0=ds.co2.lon[len(ds.co2.lon)/2])
m.drawcoastlines()
da.plot()
plt.show()

我得到这张图:

添加经络时,使用:

ds=xarray.open_dataset(r"C:\Users\SHIR\Downloads\OneYear.nc")
da=ds.co2
m= Basemap(projection='cyl',lat_0=ds.co2.lat[0],lon_0=ds.co2.lon[len(ds.co2.lon)/2])
m.drawcoastlines()
meridians = np.arange(10.,351.,20.)
m.drawmeridians(meridians,labels=[True,False,False,True])
da.plot()
plt.show()

我得到了-

我能想到的造成我们之间差异的原因:

首先-较小的数据集-请尝试您发送给我的较小的数据集,如果您再次遇到错误,请告诉我

其次- 软件包和版本- 我正在使用 python 2.7。我之前没有底图,所以我尝试使用conda安装它,但遇到了很多问题。最后,我使用 conda (conda uninstall matplotlib) 卸载了 matplotlib,使用 pip (pip install matplotlib --upgrade --force-reinstall) 重新安装了它,并按照 中的描述手动安装了底图。我使用了 basemap‑1.2.0‑cp27‑cp27m‑win_amd64.whl 文件。

我真的不确定它是否聪明,我没有用 conda 搞砸,但这是唯一对我有用的东西。也许首先尝试只卸载底图,而不是 matplotlib(我这样做是因为我已经把它搞砸了......)