在这个证明序列中如何使用预兆?

How is modus pomens used in this proof sequence?

这是我的问题:

为什么这个特别适用于第 7 步,p 和 p 表示 r。我可以理解如何显示 r 表示不是 q。有人还可以告诉我 modus ponens 的含义以及它在上下文中的用法吗?

图片中的相关声明如下:

  1. p(给定)
  2. p -> r(给定)
  3. (3-6 剪断)
  4. r(先决条件 1、2)

Wikipedia article on Modus Ponens 很好地解释了这一点。引用一些部分 removed/changed:

The argument form has two premises (hypothesis). The first premise is that P, the antecedent of the conditional claim, is true. The second premise is the "if–then" or conditional claim, namely that P implies R. From these two premises it can be logically concluded that R, the consequent of the conditional claim, must be true as well.

An example of an argument that fits the form modus ponens:

  • Today is Tuesday. (P)
  • If today is Tuesday, then John will go to work. (P -> R)
  • Therefore, John will go to work. (R)

先决条件是用于从有效前提生成新逻辑陈述的推理规则。