如何解压一个对象,因为它是 for 循环中的一个元组?

How to unpack an object as it was a tuple in a for loop?

我尝试创建以下代码:

class Test(object):

    def __init__(self, arg):
        self.arg1 = arg + 1
        self.arg2 = arg + 2
        self.arg3 = arg + 3

    def __iter__(self):
        return self

    def __next__(self):
        yield self.arg1, self.arg2, self.arg3


test_list = [Test(0), Test(1), Test(2)]

for arg1, arg2, arg3 in test_list:
    print('arg1', arg1, 'arg2', arg2, 'arg3', arg3)

但是当我尝试 运行 时,python 说:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 20, in <module>
    for arg1, arg2, arg3 in test_list:
ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 3)

我可以通过手动解包来解决这个问题:

class Test(object):

    def __init__(self, arg):
        self.arg1 = arg + 1
        self.arg2 = arg + 2
        self.arg3 = arg + 3

test_list = [Test(0), Test(1), Test(2)]

for test in test_list:
    arg1, arg2, arg3 = test.arg1, test.arg2, test.arg3
    print('arg1', arg1, 'arg2', arg2, 'arg3', arg3)

我们如何解压 python 列表中的对象,而不是像解决方法所展示的那样显式执行?对于最后一个示例,结果如下:

arg1 1 arg2 2 arg3 3
arg1 2 arg2 3 arg3 4
arg1 3 arg2 4 arg3 5

问题是您的 __next__ 方法未正确实施。您使 Test class 可迭代,但它并没有按照您的想法进行迭代:

>>> itr = iter(Test(0))
>>> next(itr)
<generator object Test.__next__ at 0x7ff609ade9a8>
>>> next(itr)
<generator object Test.__next__ at 0x7ff609ade930>
>>> next(itr)
<generator object Test.__next__ at 0x7ff609ade9a8>

它不是生成 (self.arg1, self.arg2, self.arg3) 元组,而是生成生成器。这是由于您在 __next__ 方法中使用 yield 引起的。 __next__ 方法应该 return 值,而不是 yield 它们。有关详细说明和修复,请参阅

__next__ 如果您有可变数量的项目到 return,则很有用。因为你有固定数量的属性从你的迭代器中产生,你可以简单地使用 iter 函数从三个属性创建一个迭代器并使 __iter__ 方法成为迭代器 return :

class Test(object):

    def __init__(self, arg):
        self.arg1 = arg + 1
        self.arg2 = arg + 2
        self.arg3 = arg + 3

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter((self.arg1, self.arg2, self.arg3))

相当于不使用 iter 函数:

class Test(object):
    class Iter:
        def __init__(self, lst):
            self.lst = lst
            self.index = 0

        def __next__(self):
            if self.index == len(self.lst):
                raise StopIteration()
            value = self.lst[self.index]
            self.index += 1
            return value

    def __init__(self, arg):
        self.arg1 = arg + 1
        self.arg2 = arg + 2
        self.arg3 = arg + 3

    def __iter__(self):
        return self.Iter((self.arg1, self.arg2, self.arg3))

Question: How to unpack an object as it was a tuple in a for loop?

你错了,你在循环中得到了一个Test(object)
要从对象中获取 tuple(arg1, arg2, arg3),您必须触发它。

  1. 使用 iter:

    class Test(object):
       ...
       def __iter__(self):
           yield self.arg1
           yield self.arg2
           yield self.arg3
    
    
    for arg1, arg2, arg3 in map(iter, test_list):
        print('arg1', arg1, 'arg2', arg2, 'arg3', arg3)
    

    或强制 .format(...t 视为类型 tuple:

    for t in test_list:
        print("arg1={}, arg2={}, arg3={}".format(*tuple(t)))
    

  1. 使用 class 属性 values(self, ...:

    class Test(object):
       ...
        #@property
        def values(self):
            return self.arg1, self.arg2, self.arg3
    
    
    for arg1, arg2, arg3 in map(Test.values, test_list):
        print('arg1', arg1, 'arg2', arg2, 'arg3', arg3)
    

    .format(...*

    for t in test_list:
        print("arg1={}, arg2={}, arg3={}".format(*t.values()))
    

  1. 推荐使用。没有任何 魔法:

    for t in test_list:
        print('arg1', t.arg1, 'arg2', t.arg2, 'arg3', t.arg3)
    

    .format(...

    for t in test_list:
        print("arg1={t.arg1}, arg2={t.arg2}, arg3={t.arg3}".format(t=t))
    

测试 Python:3.5

你很接近,但是,你需要 yield __iter__ 方法中的值,而不是 __next__ 方法中的值:

class Test:
  def __init__(self, arg):
    self.arg1 = arg + 1
    self.arg2 = arg + 2
    self.arg3 = arg + 3
  def __iter__(self):
    yield from [self.arg1, self.arg2, self.arg3]

for a, b, c in [Test(0), Test(1), Test(2)]:
  pass

yield self.arg1, self.arg2, self.arg3 将给出 tuple 结果 (1, 2, 3) ,当遍历列表时,需要额外的解包,即:

for [(a, b, c)] in [Test(0), Test(1), Test(2)]:
  pass

因此,为了避免在循环中进行额外的解包,您必须通过遍历属性并一次生成一个生成值来创建一个生成值流。