将“&self”方法中的闭包添加到结构中的属性

Adding a closure within a '&self' method to an attribute in a struct

考虑以下示例代码:

#[macro_use]
extern crate serde_derive;
extern crate serde;
extern crate serde_json;

extern crate jsonrpc_core as rpc;

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct Test {
    var: u32,
}

struct TestRpc {
    test: Test,
    rpc_io_handler: rpc::IoHandler,
}

impl TestRpc {
    fn new() -> Self {
        let ret = Self {
            test: Test { var: 1 },
            rpc_io_handler: rpc::IoHandler::new(),
        };
        ret.register_rpc_methods();
        ret
    }

    fn register_rpc_methods(&self) {
        let get_var = |_params: rpc::Params| match rpc::to_value(&self.test) {
            Ok(x) => Ok(x),
            Err(_) => Err(rpc::Error::internal_error()),
        };
        self.rpc_io_handler.add_method("get_var", get_var);
    }

    fn get_var_test(&self, msg: &str) -> Option<String> {
        self.rpc_io_handler.handle_request_sync(msg)
    }
}

fn main() {
    let test = TestRpc::new();
    let request = r#"{"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "get_var", "id": 1}"#;
    let response = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"var":1},"id":1}"#;
    assert_eq!(test.get_var_test(request), Some(response.to_owned()));
}

使用以下方法签名 'rpc::IoHandler::add_method'

pub fn add_method<F>(&mut self, name: &str, method: F)
where
    F: RpcMethodSimple,

method is from jsonrpc RpcMethodSimple.

当我尝试编译这个时出现以下错误

error[E0495]: cannot infer an appropriate lifetime due to conflicting requirements
  --> src/main.rs:26:27
   |
26 |           let mut get_var = |_params: rpc::Params | {
   |  ___________________________^
27 | |             match rpc::to_value(&self.test) {
28 | |                 Ok(x) => Ok(x),
29 | |                 Err(_) => Err(rpc::Error::internal_error())
30 | |             }
31 | |         };
   | |_________^
   |
note: first, the lifetime cannot outlive the anonymous lifetime #1 defined on the method body at 25:5...
  --> src/main.rs:25:5
   |
25 | /     fn register_rpc_methods(&self) {
26 | |         let mut get_var = |_params: rpc::Params | {
27 | |             match rpc::to_value(&self.test) {
28 | |                 Ok(x) => Ok(x),
...  |
32 | |         self.rpc_io_handler.add_method("get_var", get_var);
33 | |     }
   | |_____^
   = note: ...so that the types are compatible:
           expected &&TestRpc
              found &&TestRpc
   = note: but, the lifetime must be valid for the static lifetime...
note: ...so that the type `[closure@src/main.rs:26:27: 31:10 self:&&TestRpc]` will meet its required lifetime bounds
  --> src/main.rs:32:29
   |
32 |         self.rpc_io_handler.add_method("get_var", get_var);
   |                             ^^^^^^^^^^

是否可以在不更改 crate 中的方法的情况下使用此方法 (rpc::IoHandler::add_method)?我在 Rust 的生命周期中苦苦挣扎;有没有简单方法来限制闭包的生命周期?

我对 jsonrpc 的内部结构不太熟悉,但是 jsonrpc 库是用 Tokio 以完全异步的方式实现的。尽管您调用同步请求处理,但在内部它仍然异步执行请求并简单地阻塞您的线程直到它完成。这样做的缺点是 Tokio 无法保证在任务执行器中安排您的闭包。因此,任何此类闭包的生命周期都比任何 self.

更依赖于执行者。

在上面的代码中,您捕获了对 self 的引用,但无法保证 self 在执行闭包时仍然存在。因此,您必须 move 闭包使用的任何数据。此外,闭包必须 Send 才能与 Tokio 一起使用,因此您不能简单地使用 Rc 并将副本移动到闭包中。

对于您的情况,我知道的最简单方法是将 test 更改为键入 Arc<Test>。然后更改闭包定义以将变量的副本移动到闭包中。您还遇到了一些可变性问题,这是一个完整的编译示例:

#[macro_use]
extern crate serde_derive;
extern crate serde;
extern crate serde_json;

extern crate jsonrpc_core as rpc;

use std::borrow::Borrow;
use std::sync::Arc;

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct Test {
    var: u32,
}

struct TestRpc {
    test: Arc<Test>,
    rpc_io_handler: rpc::IoHandler,
}

impl TestRpc {
    fn new() -> Self {
        let mut ret = Self {
            test: Arc::new(Test { var: 1 }),
            rpc_io_handler: rpc::IoHandler::new(),
        };
        ret.register_rpc_methods();
        ret
    }

    fn register_rpc_methods(&mut self) {
        let test_clone = self.test.clone();
        let get_var = move |_params: rpc::Params| match rpc::to_value(test_clone.borrow() as &Test)
        {
            Ok(x) => Ok(x),
            Err(_) => Err(rpc::Error::internal_error()),
        };
        self.rpc_io_handler.add_method("get_var", get_var);
    }

    fn get_var_test(&self, msg: &str) -> Option<String> {
        self.rpc_io_handler.handle_request_sync(msg)
    }
}

fn main() {
    let test = TestRpc::new();
    let request = r#"{"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "get_var", "id": 1}"#;
    let response = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"var":1},"id":1}"#;
    assert_eq!(test.get_var_test(request), Some(response.to_owned()));
}