.NET Core X509Certificate2 用法（在 Windows/IIS、Docker、Linux 下）
.NET Core X509Certificate2 usage (under Windows/IIS, Docker, Linux)
我真的尝试了很长时间在 .NET Core 中使用证书 API。
基本上我需要使用它们的地方是在.NET Core web api 运行IIS 和 docker.
上
我需要使用的证书用于：
Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddDataProtection()
.PersistKeysToFileSystem(new DirectoryInfo(dataProtectionKeystorePath))
.ProtectKeysWithCertificate
(
new X509Certificate2(dataProtectionCertificatePath, dataProtectionCertificateSecret)
);
}
Kestrel Options to set SSL certificate
public static IWebHost BuildWebHost(string[] args) =>
WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
.UseKestrel
(
options =>
{
options.Listen(address, port, listenOptions =>
{
listenOptions.UseHttps(new X509Certificate2(sslCertificatePath, sslCertifciateSecret));
}
);
}
)
// other setup
;
IdentityServer4.SigningCredentials
注意：此代码适用于从 VS2017 开始的开发机器，但会在 Windows 2008 R2 IIS 测试服务器上抛出这些异常。
services.AddIdentityServer()
.AddSigningCredential
(
new X509Certificate2(tokenCertificatePath, tokenCertificatePassphrase)
)
// other setup
;
这三个都意味着放置一个证书文件，使用构造函数加载它，传递秘密然后开始。
sarkasm > 真高兴，太简单了。 < 肉食欲
所以我创建了一个证书子目录来保存证书。添加了秘密设置。已验证所有值都是预期的 loaded/created。已验证文件位于预期位置并因此存在。简而言之：
string dataProtectionKeystorePath = System.Path.Combine(Environment.ContentRootPath, "keystore");
string dataProtectionCertificatePath = System.Path.Combine(Environment.ContentRootPath, "certs", "keystore.pfx");
string dataProtectionSecret = Configuration.GetSection("CertificateSecrets").GetValue<string>("keystoreSecret", null);
string tokenCertificatePath = System.Path.Combine(Environment.ContentRootPath, "certs", "token.pfx");
string tokenCertificateSecret = Configuration.GetSection("CertificateSecrets").GetValue<string>("tokenSecret", null);
string sslCertificatePath = System.Path.Combine(Environment.ContentRootPath, "certs", "ssl.pfx");
string sslCertificateSecret = Configuration.GetSection("CertificateSecrets").GetValue<string>("tokenSecret", null);
他们说让我们玩得开心。那么让我们开始部署吧。
我最终得到的是那些例外：
数据保护异常：
info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager[58]
Creating key {39560783-e349-475e-8e3f-748abb8c6c8b} with creation date 2018-11-16 08:01:49Z, activation date 2018-11-16 08:01:49Z, and expiration date 2019-02-14 08:01:49Z.
info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.Repositories.FileSystemXmlRepository[39]
Writing data to file '[intentionally removed for post]'.
fail: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager[24]
An exception occurred while processing the key element '<key id="39560783-e349-475e-8e3f-748abb8c6c8b" version="1" />'.
Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: Keyset does not exist
at Internal.NativeCrypto.CapiHelper.CreateProvHandle(CspParameters parameters, Boolean randomKeyContainer)
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeProvHandle()
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeKeyHandle()
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(Int32 keySize, CspParameters parameters, Boolean useDefaultKeySize)
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(CspParameters parameters)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.<>c.<GetRSAPrivateKey>b__61_0(CspParameters csp)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetPrivateKey[T](Func`2 createCsp, Func`2 createCng)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetRSAPrivateKey()
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificateExtensionsCommon.GetPrivateKey[T](X509Certificate2 certificate, Predicate`1 matchesConstraints)
at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.RSACertificateExtensions.GetRSAPrivateKey(X509Certificate2 certificate)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.EncryptedXmlDecryptor.EncryptedXmlWithCertificateKeys.GetKeyFromCert(EncryptedKey encryptedKey, KeyInfoX509Data keyInfo)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.EncryptedXmlDecryptor.EncryptedXmlWithCertificateKeys.DecryptEncryptedKey(EncryptedKey encryptedKey)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.EncryptedXml.GetDecryptionKey(EncryptedData encryptedData, String symmetricAlgorithmUri)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.EncryptedXml.DecryptDocument()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.EncryptedXmlDecryptor.Decrypt(XElement encryptedElement)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.XmlEncryptionExtensions.DecryptElement(XElement element, IActivator activator)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager.Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.Internal.IInternalXmlKeyManager.DeserializeDescriptorFromKeyElement(XElement keyElement)
warn: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.DefaultKeyResolver[12]
Key {39560783-e349-475e-8e3f-748abb8c6c8b} is ineligible to be the default key because its CreateEncryptor method failed.
Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: Keyset does not exist
at Internal.NativeCrypto.CapiHelper.CreateProvHandle(CspParameters parameters, Boolean randomKeyContainer)
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeProvHandle()
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeKeyHandle()
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(Int32 keySize, CspParameters parameters, Boolean useDefaultKeySize)
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(CspParameters parameters)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.<>c.<GetRSAPrivateKey>b__61_0(CspParameters csp)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetPrivateKey[T](Func`2 createCsp, Func`2 createCng)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetRSAPrivateKey()
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificateExtensionsCommon.GetPrivateKey[T](X509Certificate2 certificate, Predicate`1 matchesConstraints)
at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.RSACertificateExtensions.GetRSAPrivateKey(X509Certificate2 certificate)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.EncryptedXmlDecryptor.EncryptedXmlWithCertificateKeys.GetKeyFromCert(EncryptedKey encryptedKey, KeyInfoX509Data keyInfo)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.EncryptedXmlDecryptor.EncryptedXmlWithCertificateKeys.DecryptEncryptedKey(EncryptedKey encryptedKey)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.EncryptedXml.GetDecryptionKey(EncryptedData encryptedData, String symmetricAlgorithmUri)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.EncryptedXml.DecryptDocument()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.EncryptedXmlDecryptor.Decrypt(XElement encryptedElement)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.XmlEncryptionExtensions.DecryptElement(XElement element, IActivator activator)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager.Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.Internal.IInternalXmlKeyManager.DeserializeDescriptorFromKeyElement(XElement keyElement)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.DeferredKey.<>c__DisplayClass1_0.<GetLazyDescriptorDelegate>b__0()
at System.Lazy`1.ViaFactory(LazyThreadSafetyMode mode)
at System.Lazy`1.ExecutionAndPublication(LazyHelper executionAndPublication, Boolean useDefaultConstructor)
at System.Lazy`1.CreateValue()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.KeyBase.get_Descriptor()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.AuthenticatedEncryption.CngGcmAuthenticatedEncryptorFactory.CreateEncryptorInstance(IKey key)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.KeyBase.CreateEncryptor()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.DefaultKeyResolver.CanCreateAuthenticatedEncryptor(IKey key)
warn: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.DefaultKeyResolver[12]
Key {39560783-e349-475e-8e3f-748abb8c6c8b} is ineligible to be the default key because its CreateEncryptor method failed.
Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: Keyset does not exist
at Internal.NativeCrypto.CapiHelper.CreateProvHandle(CspParameters parameters, Boolean randomKeyContainer)
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeProvHandle()
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeKeyHandle()
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(Int32 keySize, CspParameters parameters, Boolean useDefaultKeySize)
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(CspParameters parameters)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.<>c.<GetRSAPrivateKey>b__61_0(CspParameters csp)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetPrivateKey[T](Func`2 createCsp, Func`2 createCng)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetRSAPrivateKey()
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificateExtensionsCommon.GetPrivateKey[T](X509Certificate2 certificate, Predicate`1 matchesConstraints)
at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.RSACertificateExtensions.GetRSAPrivateKey(X509Certificate2 certificate)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.EncryptedXmlDecryptor.EncryptedXmlWithCertificateKeys.GetKeyFromCert(EncryptedKey encryptedKey, KeyInfoX509Data keyInfo)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.EncryptedXmlDecryptor.EncryptedXmlWithCertificateKeys.DecryptEncryptedKey(EncryptedKey encryptedKey)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.EncryptedXml.GetDecryptionKey(EncryptedData encryptedData, String symmetricAlgorithmUri)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.EncryptedXml.DecryptDocument()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.EncryptedXmlDecryptor.Decrypt(XElement encryptedElement)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.XmlEncryptionExtensions.DecryptElement(XElement element, IActivator activator)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager.Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.Internal.IInternalXmlKeyManager.DeserializeDescriptorFromKeyElement(XElement keyElement)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.DeferredKey.<>c__DisplayClass1_0.<GetLazyDescriptorDelegate>b__0()
at System.Lazy`1.ViaFactory(LazyThreadSafetyMode mode)
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Lazy`1.CreateValue()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.KeyBase.get_Descriptor()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.AuthenticatedEncryption.CngGcmAuthenticatedEncryptorFactory.CreateEncryptorInstance(IKey key)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.KeyBase.CreateEncryptor()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.DefaultKeyResolver.CanCreateAuthenticatedEncryptor(IKey key)
Identity Server 4 签名凭证例外
Application startup exception: Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: An internal error occurred
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FilterPFXStore(Byte[] rawData, SafePasswordHandle password, PfxCertStoreFlags pfxCertStoreFlags)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FromBlobOrFile(Byte[] rawData, String fileName, SafePasswordHandle password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate..ctor(String fileName, String password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at AuthServer.Startup.ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) in [intentionally removed for post]\Startup.cs:line 136
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.ConventionBasedStartup.ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.EnsureApplicationServices()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.Initialize()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.BuildApplication()
crit: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[6]
Application startup exception
Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: An internal error occurred
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FilterPFXStore(Byte[] rawData, SafePasswordHandle password, PfxCertStoreFlags pfxCertStoreFlags)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FromBlobOrFile(Byte[] rawData, String fileName, SafePasswordHandle password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate..ctor(String fileName, String password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at AuthServer.Startup.ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) in [intentionally removed for post]\Startup.cs:line 136
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.ConventionBasedStartup.ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.EnsureApplicationServices()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.Initialize()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.BuildApplication()
SSL 证书异常
Unhandled Exception: Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: An internal error occurred
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FilterPFXStore(Byte[] rawData, SafePasswordHandle password, PfxCertStoreFlags pfxCertStoreFlags)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FromBlobOrFile(Byte[] rawData, String fileName, SafePasswordHandle password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate..ctor(String fileName, String password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at AuthServer.Program.<>c.<BuildWebHost>b__1_3(ListenOptions listenOptions) in [intentionally removed for post]\Program.cs:line 58
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServerOptions.Listen(IPEndPoint endPoint, Action`1 configure)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServerOptions.Listen(IPAddress address, Int32 port, Action`1 configure)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.ConfigureNamedOptions`1.Configure(String name, TOptions options)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsFactory`1.Create(String name)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsManager`1.<>c__DisplayClass5_0.<Get>b__0()
at System.Lazy`1.ViaFactory(LazyThreadSafetyMode mode)
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Lazy`1.CreateValue()
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsCache`1.GetOrAdd(String name, Func`1 createOptions)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsManager`1.Get(String name)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsManager`1.get_Value()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServer.CreateServiceContext(IOptions`1 options, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServer..ctor(IOptions`1 options, ITransportFactory transportFactory, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitConstructor(ConstructorCallSite constructorCallSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSite(IServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitScoped(ScopedCallSite scopedCallSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitSingleton(SingletonCallSite singletonCallSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSite(IServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.DynamicServiceProviderEngine.<>c__DisplayClass1_0.<RealizeService>b__0(ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.ServiceProviderEngine.GetService(Type serviceType, ServiceProviderEngineScope serviceProviderEngineScope)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.ServiceProviderEngine.GetService(Type serviceType)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetRequiredService(IServiceProvider provider, Type serviceType)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetRequiredService[T](IServiceProvider provider)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.EnsureServer()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.BuildApplication()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.WebHostExtensions.RunAsync(IWebHost host, CancellationToken token, String shutdownMessage)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.WebHostExtensions.RunAsync(IWebHost host, CancellationToken token)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.WebHostExtensions.Run(IWebHost host)
at MyProject.Program.Main(String[] args) in [intentionally removed for post]\Program.cs:line 47
几个月来一直面对这个证书异常，谷歌搜索了很多，无论我尝试了什么，都再次面对这个异常（根据 google 结果，在 github 上提出的问题等等）它涉及到我请注意，我错过了一些重要的东西。
我尝试使用 StorageFlags 但没有找到一个（组合）工作。
项目应该 运行 在 Windows (IIS)，docker 上 linux (ubuntu, debian)。这就是为什么我们决定将证书放在（跨多个实例安装）子目录中的原因。因此，我发现建议将证书安装到 Microsoft 证书存储中的帖子将不起作用。 docker 和 linux 怎么可能？
由于我倾向于使用的所有证书都受到影响，所以我认为问题可能是我对如何使用证书存在重大误解。
任何人都可以帮我弄清楚我错过的要点并最终获得 运行 的证书吗？我需要配置什么吗？如果是什么？
只是一些调查总结：
我确定文件存在吗：是的，否则会出现异常
System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException: System cannot find specified file.
我确定密码正确吗：是的，否则会出现异常
Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: The specified network password is not correct.
文件权限：感谢柴郡猫提醒。在 Windows Server 2008 R2 IIS 7.5 上，我检查了用户 DefaultAppPool 的 certs 子目录的文件权限（认为它现在将是一个不同的用户单元）。对 certs 子目录的完全访问文件权限已授予用户 DefaultAppPool like shown in this link.
通常 IS4 签名凭据异常发生在应用程序启动时。使用 X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet 不会在启动时抛出，但会显示登录 window 并在登录后抛出。没有返回令牌，但创建了一个会话，因此用户可以修改 ASP NET Identity 帐户设置。
证书过期：证书可能会过期。数据保护似乎不检查过期日期，因此即使证书过期也可以使用。 Identity Server 4 签名凭据仍然可以使用，但 ASP.NET 如果证书过期，核心令牌验证将未经授权。
问题解决
一年半后，解决方案是：一张损坏的 (self-signed/self-created) 证书。
如果证书有效，可以使用此代码检查：
static void Main(string[] args)
{
X509Certificate2 cert = new X509Certificate2(Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "cert.pfx"), "password");
Console.WriteLine("cert private key: " + cert.PrivateKey);
}
如果您看到以下输出，则证书是好的，否则您会遇到上述异常。
cert private key: System.Security.Cryptography.RSACng
为开发创建证书
证书
使用 dotnet 工具开发证书。此调用会打开提示，然后将本地主机 SSL 证书导入 CurrentUser 证书存储区 (view it with MMC)。无需更改程序中的代码。
dotnet dev-certs https --trust
其他证书
已创建 "broken" 证书using makecert. I switched to OpenSSL but also could be New-SelfSignedCertificate 使用工具（如果您使用的是 Win 10）。
如果正确安装了 OpenSSL 并将其添加到 PATH 变量中，则以下批处理文件会创建工作证书（需要用户交互！）。
openssl genrsa 2048 > private.pem
openssl req -x509 -days 365 -new -key private.pem -out public.pem
openssl pkcs12 -export -in public.pem -inkey private.pem -out cert.pfx
REM openssl pkcs12 -info -in cert.pfx
certutil -dump cert.pfx
PAUSE
本地开发设置（Win 7、VS 2017、IIS Express/Kestrel）
Cheshire-Cat（再次非常感谢）描述了所有部分的代码在 .NET Core 2.1 下都按预期工作。包括数据保护和 Identity Server 4 签名凭据。
在 Windows 2008 R2
上部署到 IIS 7.5
乐趣还在继续。让证书在本地开发机器上工作并将其部署到 IIS 会引发 "new" 异常。
- 已检查 IIS 上的文件权限（DefaultAppPool 具有完整权限）
- 证书与本地机器上的证书相同
- 没有安装使用的证书（不在开发机器上，不在 IIS 机器上）所以应该使用实际文件。
日志显示基本良好的设置
using data protection keystore path C:\inetpub\wwwroot\auth\keystore
data protection keystore is protected with certificate at path 'C:\inetpub\wwwroot\auth\certs\keystore.pfx'
loading keystore certificate from file 'C:\inetpub\wwwroot\auth\certs\keystore.pfx'
loading keystore certificate with passphrase ********
Application startup exception: Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: An internal error occurred
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FilterPFXStore(Byte[] rawData, SafePasswordHandle password, PfxCertStoreFlags pfxCertStoreFlags)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FromBlobOrFile(Byte[] rawData, String fileName, SafePasswordHandle password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate..ctor(String fileName, String password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at [SomeOfMyNamespaces].X509Certificate2Loader.LoadFromFile(String certName, String certPath, String certPassphrase, ILogger logger) in [intentionally-blanked]\X509Certificate2Loader.cs:line 57
at [SomeOfMyNamespaces].DataProtectionExtensions.AddDataProtection(IServiceCollection services, IConfiguration config, IHostingEnvironment environment, String applicationName, String applicationVersion, ILogger logger) in [intentionally-blanked]\DataProtectionExtensions.cs:line 207
at [SomeOfMyNamespaces].Startup.ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) in [intentionally-blanked]\Startup.cs:line 96
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.ConventionBasedStartup.ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.EnsureApplicationServices()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.Initialize()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.BuildApplication()
crit: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[6]
Application startup exception
Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: An internal error occurred
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FilterPFXStore(Byte[] rawData, SafePasswordHandle password, PfxCertStoreFlags pfxCertStoreFlags)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FromBlobOrFile(Byte[] rawData, String fileName, SafePasswordHandle password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate..ctor(String fileName, String password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at [SomeOfMyNamespaces].X509Certificate2Loader.LoadFromFile(String certName, String certPath, String certPassphrase, ILogger logger) in [intentionally-blanked]\X509Certificate2Loader.cs:line 57
at [SomeOfMyNamespaces].DataProtectionExtensions.AddDataProtection(IServiceCollection services, IConfiguration config, IHostingEnvironment environment, String applicationName, String applicationVersion, ILogger logger) in [intentionally-blanked]\DataProtectionExtensions.cs:line 207
at [SomeOfMyNamespaces].Startup.ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) in [intentionally-blanked]\Startup.cs:line 96
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.ConventionBasedStartup.ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.EnsureApplicationServices()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.Initialize()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.BuildApplication()
引用的第 57 行是：
cert = new X509Certificate2(certPath, certPassphrase);
Identity Server 4 签名凭证发生相同的异常。
再悬赏 100 以帮助我在 Windows Server 2008 R2 上的 IIS 上获得此 运行ning。
IIS 和 docker（以及本地开发）的解决方案：使用这个并且 IIS 和 Docker 安装程序都不会报错：
cert = new X509Certificate2(certPath, certPassphrase, X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet);
我的 IS4 项目 运行ning 的实际代码是这样的：
X509Certificate2 certificate = null;
// Load certificate from Certificate Store using the configured Thumbprint
using (X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.LocalMachine))
{
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
X509Certificate2Collection certificates = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindByThumbprint, appConfiguration.CertificateThumbprint, false);
if (certificates.Count > 0)
certificate = certificates[0];
}
// Fallback to load certificate from local file
if (certificate == null)
{
string path = Path.Combine("C:\Certificates", appConfiguration.CertificateFilename);
try
{
certificate = new X509Certificate2(path, "CertificateSecret123$");
logger.LogInformation($"Found from file {certificate.Thumbprint}");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
logger.LogError(ex, $"Certificate file error {path}");
certificate = null;
}
}
if (certificate == null)
throw new Exception($"Certificate {appConfiguration.CertificateThumbprint} not found.");
builder.AddSigningCredential(certificate);
如果我更改指纹以强制代码从本地文件中查找证书，我会得到预期的结果：
更新 2018/11/19
我更正了代码中的错误，因为如果找不到证书文件，X509Certificate2 class 构造函数会抛出异常。所以，实际上，certificate = new X509Certificate2... 行之后的前一个 if (certificate == null) 控件永远不会到达。
使代码有效的步骤是：
- 创建证书并将其放入目录
- 检查 运行 代码的用户对文件夹的目录权限。
- 如果你在开发机器上，请检查运行s VS 的用户是否有权访问文件所在的目录。
- 如果您使用的是 IIS，请检查托管您的应用程序的
AppPool 以及执行该应用程序的用户。它需要对证书目录具有权限。
- 使用示例代码从文件 加载证书。确保路径正确
- 使用指纹从商店加载证书。要获取证书指纹，您可以：
- 使用 PowerShell 命令
Get-ChildItem -path cert:\LocalMachine\My 指定商店中您注册证书的正确位置。
- 使用 Windows 资源管理器，右键单击 .pfx 文件 -> 打开 -> 在 MMC 控制台中找到你的文件 -> 双击它 -> 详细信息 -> 指纹。 重要说明：Windows 中有一个众所周知的丑陋错误，当 coping/pasting 来自预览文本框的指纹值时。 当您粘贴值时，会在指纹的开头添加一个隐藏字符。所以 copy/paste 它首先在文本编辑器上，然后通过在第一个字符附近使用箭头键移动来检查它。另见 this.
我真的尝试了很长时间在 .NET Core 中使用证书 API。
基本上我需要使用它们的地方是在.NET Core web api 运行IIS 和 docker.
上我需要使用的证书用于：
Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddDataProtection()
.PersistKeysToFileSystem(new DirectoryInfo(dataProtectionKeystorePath))
.ProtectKeysWithCertificate
(
new X509Certificate2(dataProtectionCertificatePath, dataProtectionCertificateSecret)
);
}
Kestrel Options to set SSL certificate
public static IWebHost BuildWebHost(string[] args) =>
WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
.UseKestrel
(
options =>
{
options.Listen(address, port, listenOptions =>
{
listenOptions.UseHttps(new X509Certificate2(sslCertificatePath, sslCertifciateSecret));
}
);
}
)
// other setup
;
IdentityServer4.SigningCredentials
注意：此代码适用于从 VS2017 开始的开发机器，但会在 Windows 2008 R2 IIS 测试服务器上抛出这些异常。
services.AddIdentityServer()
.AddSigningCredential
(
new X509Certificate2(tokenCertificatePath, tokenCertificatePassphrase)
)
// other setup
;
这三个都意味着放置一个证书文件，使用构造函数加载它，传递秘密然后开始。
sarkasm > 真高兴，太简单了。 < 肉食欲
所以我创建了一个证书子目录来保存证书。添加了秘密设置。已验证所有值都是预期的 loaded/created。已验证文件位于预期位置并因此存在。简而言之：
string dataProtectionKeystorePath = System.Path.Combine(Environment.ContentRootPath, "keystore");
string dataProtectionCertificatePath = System.Path.Combine(Environment.ContentRootPath, "certs", "keystore.pfx");
string dataProtectionSecret = Configuration.GetSection("CertificateSecrets").GetValue<string>("keystoreSecret", null);
string tokenCertificatePath = System.Path.Combine(Environment.ContentRootPath, "certs", "token.pfx");
string tokenCertificateSecret = Configuration.GetSection("CertificateSecrets").GetValue<string>("tokenSecret", null);
string sslCertificatePath = System.Path.Combine(Environment.ContentRootPath, "certs", "ssl.pfx");
string sslCertificateSecret = Configuration.GetSection("CertificateSecrets").GetValue<string>("tokenSecret", null);
他们说让我们玩得开心。那么让我们开始部署吧。
我最终得到的是那些例外：
数据保护异常：
info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager[58]
Creating key {39560783-e349-475e-8e3f-748abb8c6c8b} with creation date 2018-11-16 08:01:49Z, activation date 2018-11-16 08:01:49Z, and expiration date 2019-02-14 08:01:49Z.
info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.Repositories.FileSystemXmlRepository[39]
Writing data to file '[intentionally removed for post]'.
fail: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager[24]
An exception occurred while processing the key element '<key id="39560783-e349-475e-8e3f-748abb8c6c8b" version="1" />'.
Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: Keyset does not exist
at Internal.NativeCrypto.CapiHelper.CreateProvHandle(CspParameters parameters, Boolean randomKeyContainer)
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeProvHandle()
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeKeyHandle()
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(Int32 keySize, CspParameters parameters, Boolean useDefaultKeySize)
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(CspParameters parameters)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.<>c.<GetRSAPrivateKey>b__61_0(CspParameters csp)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetPrivateKey[T](Func`2 createCsp, Func`2 createCng)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetRSAPrivateKey()
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificateExtensionsCommon.GetPrivateKey[T](X509Certificate2 certificate, Predicate`1 matchesConstraints)
at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.RSACertificateExtensions.GetRSAPrivateKey(X509Certificate2 certificate)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.EncryptedXmlDecryptor.EncryptedXmlWithCertificateKeys.GetKeyFromCert(EncryptedKey encryptedKey, KeyInfoX509Data keyInfo)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.EncryptedXmlDecryptor.EncryptedXmlWithCertificateKeys.DecryptEncryptedKey(EncryptedKey encryptedKey)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.EncryptedXml.GetDecryptionKey(EncryptedData encryptedData, String symmetricAlgorithmUri)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.EncryptedXml.DecryptDocument()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.EncryptedXmlDecryptor.Decrypt(XElement encryptedElement)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.XmlEncryptionExtensions.DecryptElement(XElement element, IActivator activator)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager.Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.Internal.IInternalXmlKeyManager.DeserializeDescriptorFromKeyElement(XElement keyElement)
warn: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.DefaultKeyResolver[12]
Key {39560783-e349-475e-8e3f-748abb8c6c8b} is ineligible to be the default key because its CreateEncryptor method failed.
Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: Keyset does not exist
at Internal.NativeCrypto.CapiHelper.CreateProvHandle(CspParameters parameters, Boolean randomKeyContainer)
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeProvHandle()
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeKeyHandle()
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(Int32 keySize, CspParameters parameters, Boolean useDefaultKeySize)
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(CspParameters parameters)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.<>c.<GetRSAPrivateKey>b__61_0(CspParameters csp)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetPrivateKey[T](Func`2 createCsp, Func`2 createCng)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetRSAPrivateKey()
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificateExtensionsCommon.GetPrivateKey[T](X509Certificate2 certificate, Predicate`1 matchesConstraints)
at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.RSACertificateExtensions.GetRSAPrivateKey(X509Certificate2 certificate)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.EncryptedXmlDecryptor.EncryptedXmlWithCertificateKeys.GetKeyFromCert(EncryptedKey encryptedKey, KeyInfoX509Data keyInfo)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.EncryptedXmlDecryptor.EncryptedXmlWithCertificateKeys.DecryptEncryptedKey(EncryptedKey encryptedKey)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.EncryptedXml.GetDecryptionKey(EncryptedData encryptedData, String symmetricAlgorithmUri)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.EncryptedXml.DecryptDocument()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.EncryptedXmlDecryptor.Decrypt(XElement encryptedElement)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.XmlEncryptionExtensions.DecryptElement(XElement element, IActivator activator)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager.Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.Internal.IInternalXmlKeyManager.DeserializeDescriptorFromKeyElement(XElement keyElement)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.DeferredKey.<>c__DisplayClass1_0.<GetLazyDescriptorDelegate>b__0()
at System.Lazy`1.ViaFactory(LazyThreadSafetyMode mode)
at System.Lazy`1.ExecutionAndPublication(LazyHelper executionAndPublication, Boolean useDefaultConstructor)
at System.Lazy`1.CreateValue()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.KeyBase.get_Descriptor()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.AuthenticatedEncryption.CngGcmAuthenticatedEncryptorFactory.CreateEncryptorInstance(IKey key)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.KeyBase.CreateEncryptor()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.DefaultKeyResolver.CanCreateAuthenticatedEncryptor(IKey key)
warn: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.DefaultKeyResolver[12]
Key {39560783-e349-475e-8e3f-748abb8c6c8b} is ineligible to be the default key because its CreateEncryptor method failed.
Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: Keyset does not exist
at Internal.NativeCrypto.CapiHelper.CreateProvHandle(CspParameters parameters, Boolean randomKeyContainer)
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeProvHandle()
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeKeyHandle()
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(Int32 keySize, CspParameters parameters, Boolean useDefaultKeySize)
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(CspParameters parameters)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.<>c.<GetRSAPrivateKey>b__61_0(CspParameters csp)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetPrivateKey[T](Func`2 createCsp, Func`2 createCng)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetRSAPrivateKey()
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificateExtensionsCommon.GetPrivateKey[T](X509Certificate2 certificate, Predicate`1 matchesConstraints)
at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.RSACertificateExtensions.GetRSAPrivateKey(X509Certificate2 certificate)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.EncryptedXmlDecryptor.EncryptedXmlWithCertificateKeys.GetKeyFromCert(EncryptedKey encryptedKey, KeyInfoX509Data keyInfo)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.EncryptedXmlDecryptor.EncryptedXmlWithCertificateKeys.DecryptEncryptedKey(EncryptedKey encryptedKey)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.EncryptedXml.GetDecryptionKey(EncryptedData encryptedData, String symmetricAlgorithmUri)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.EncryptedXml.DecryptDocument()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.EncryptedXmlDecryptor.Decrypt(XElement encryptedElement)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.XmlEncryption.XmlEncryptionExtensions.DecryptElement(XElement element, IActivator activator)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager.Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.Internal.IInternalXmlKeyManager.DeserializeDescriptorFromKeyElement(XElement keyElement)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.DeferredKey.<>c__DisplayClass1_0.<GetLazyDescriptorDelegate>b__0()
at System.Lazy`1.ViaFactory(LazyThreadSafetyMode mode)
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Lazy`1.CreateValue()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.KeyBase.get_Descriptor()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.AuthenticatedEncryption.CngGcmAuthenticatedEncryptorFactory.CreateEncryptorInstance(IKey key)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.KeyBase.CreateEncryptor()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.DefaultKeyResolver.CanCreateAuthenticatedEncryptor(IKey key)
Identity Server 4 签名凭证例外
Application startup exception: Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: An internal error occurred
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FilterPFXStore(Byte[] rawData, SafePasswordHandle password, PfxCertStoreFlags pfxCertStoreFlags)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FromBlobOrFile(Byte[] rawData, String fileName, SafePasswordHandle password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate..ctor(String fileName, String password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at AuthServer.Startup.ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) in [intentionally removed for post]\Startup.cs:line 136
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.ConventionBasedStartup.ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.EnsureApplicationServices()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.Initialize()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.BuildApplication()
crit: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[6]
Application startup exception
Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: An internal error occurred
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FilterPFXStore(Byte[] rawData, SafePasswordHandle password, PfxCertStoreFlags pfxCertStoreFlags)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FromBlobOrFile(Byte[] rawData, String fileName, SafePasswordHandle password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate..ctor(String fileName, String password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at AuthServer.Startup.ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) in [intentionally removed for post]\Startup.cs:line 136
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.ConventionBasedStartup.ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.EnsureApplicationServices()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.Initialize()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.BuildApplication()
SSL 证书异常
Unhandled Exception: Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: An internal error occurred
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FilterPFXStore(Byte[] rawData, SafePasswordHandle password, PfxCertStoreFlags pfxCertStoreFlags)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FromBlobOrFile(Byte[] rawData, String fileName, SafePasswordHandle password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate..ctor(String fileName, String password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at AuthServer.Program.<>c.<BuildWebHost>b__1_3(ListenOptions listenOptions) in [intentionally removed for post]\Program.cs:line 58
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServerOptions.Listen(IPEndPoint endPoint, Action`1 configure)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServerOptions.Listen(IPAddress address, Int32 port, Action`1 configure)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.ConfigureNamedOptions`1.Configure(String name, TOptions options)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsFactory`1.Create(String name)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsManager`1.<>c__DisplayClass5_0.<Get>b__0()
at System.Lazy`1.ViaFactory(LazyThreadSafetyMode mode)
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Lazy`1.CreateValue()
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsCache`1.GetOrAdd(String name, Func`1 createOptions)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsManager`1.Get(String name)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsManager`1.get_Value()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServer.CreateServiceContext(IOptions`1 options, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServer..ctor(IOptions`1 options, ITransportFactory transportFactory, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitConstructor(ConstructorCallSite constructorCallSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSite(IServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitScoped(ScopedCallSite scopedCallSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitSingleton(SingletonCallSite singletonCallSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSite(IServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.DynamicServiceProviderEngine.<>c__DisplayClass1_0.<RealizeService>b__0(ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.ServiceProviderEngine.GetService(Type serviceType, ServiceProviderEngineScope serviceProviderEngineScope)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.ServiceProviderEngine.GetService(Type serviceType)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetRequiredService(IServiceProvider provider, Type serviceType)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetRequiredService[T](IServiceProvider provider)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.EnsureServer()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.BuildApplication()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.WebHostExtensions.RunAsync(IWebHost host, CancellationToken token, String shutdownMessage)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.WebHostExtensions.RunAsync(IWebHost host, CancellationToken token)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.WebHostExtensions.Run(IWebHost host)
at MyProject.Program.Main(String[] args) in [intentionally removed for post]\Program.cs:line 47
几个月来一直面对这个证书异常，谷歌搜索了很多，无论我尝试了什么，都再次面对这个异常（根据 google 结果，在 github 上提出的问题等等）它涉及到我请注意，我错过了一些重要的东西。
我尝试使用 StorageFlags 但没有找到一个（组合）工作。
项目应该 运行 在 Windows (IIS)，docker 上 linux (ubuntu, debian)。这就是为什么我们决定将证书放在（跨多个实例安装）子目录中的原因。因此，我发现建议将证书安装到 Microsoft 证书存储中的帖子将不起作用。 docker 和 linux 怎么可能？
由于我倾向于使用的所有证书都受到影响，所以我认为问题可能是我对如何使用证书存在重大误解。
任何人都可以帮我弄清楚我错过的要点并最终获得 运行 的证书吗？我需要配置什么吗？如果是什么？
只是一些调查总结：
我确定文件存在吗：是的，否则会出现异常
System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException: System cannot find specified file.
我确定密码正确吗：是的，否则会出现异常
Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: The specified network password is not correct.
文件权限：感谢柴郡猫提醒。在 Windows Server 2008 R2 IIS 7.5 上，我检查了用户 DefaultAppPool 的 certs 子目录的文件权限（认为它现在将是一个不同的用户单元）。对 certs 子目录的完全访问文件权限已授予用户 DefaultAppPool like shown in this link.
通常 IS4 签名凭据异常发生在应用程序启动时。使用 X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet 不会在启动时抛出，但会显示登录 window 并在登录后抛出。没有返回令牌，但创建了一个会话，因此用户可以修改 ASP NET Identity 帐户设置。
证书过期：证书可能会过期。数据保护似乎不检查过期日期，因此即使证书过期也可以使用。 Identity Server 4 签名凭据仍然可以使用，但 ASP.NET 如果证书过期，核心令牌验证将未经授权。
问题解决
一年半后，解决方案是：一张损坏的 (self-signed/self-created) 证书。
如果证书有效，可以使用此代码检查：
static void Main(string[] args)
{
X509Certificate2 cert = new X509Certificate2(Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "cert.pfx"), "password");
Console.WriteLine("cert private key: " + cert.PrivateKey);
}
如果您看到以下输出，则证书是好的，否则您会遇到上述异常。
cert private key: System.Security.Cryptography.RSACng
为开发创建证书
证书使用 dotnet 工具开发证书。此调用会打开提示，然后将本地主机 SSL 证书导入 CurrentUser 证书存储区 (view it with MMC)。无需更改程序中的代码。
dotnet dev-certs https --trust
已创建 "broken" 证书using makecert. I switched to OpenSSL but also could be New-SelfSignedCertificate 使用工具（如果您使用的是 Win 10）。
如果正确安装了 OpenSSL 并将其添加到 PATH 变量中，则以下批处理文件会创建工作证书（需要用户交互！）。
openssl genrsa 2048 > private.pem
openssl req -x509 -days 365 -new -key private.pem -out public.pem
openssl pkcs12 -export -in public.pem -inkey private.pem -out cert.pfx
REM openssl pkcs12 -info -in cert.pfx
certutil -dump cert.pfx
PAUSE
本地开发设置（Win 7、VS 2017、IIS Express/Kestrel）
Cheshire-Cat（再次非常感谢）描述了所有部分的代码在 .NET Core 2.1 下都按预期工作。包括数据保护和 Identity Server 4 签名凭据。
在 Windows 2008 R2
上部署到 IIS 7.5乐趣还在继续。让证书在本地开发机器上工作并将其部署到 IIS 会引发 "new" 异常。
- 已检查 IIS 上的文件权限（DefaultAppPool 具有完整权限）
- 证书与本地机器上的证书相同
- 没有安装使用的证书（不在开发机器上，不在 IIS 机器上）所以应该使用实际文件。
日志显示基本良好的设置
using data protection keystore path C:\inetpub\wwwroot\auth\keystore
data protection keystore is protected with certificate at path 'C:\inetpub\wwwroot\auth\certs\keystore.pfx'
loading keystore certificate from file 'C:\inetpub\wwwroot\auth\certs\keystore.pfx'
loading keystore certificate with passphrase ********
Application startup exception: Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: An internal error occurred
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FilterPFXStore(Byte[] rawData, SafePasswordHandle password, PfxCertStoreFlags pfxCertStoreFlags)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FromBlobOrFile(Byte[] rawData, String fileName, SafePasswordHandle password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate..ctor(String fileName, String password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at [SomeOfMyNamespaces].X509Certificate2Loader.LoadFromFile(String certName, String certPath, String certPassphrase, ILogger logger) in [intentionally-blanked]\X509Certificate2Loader.cs:line 57
at [SomeOfMyNamespaces].DataProtectionExtensions.AddDataProtection(IServiceCollection services, IConfiguration config, IHostingEnvironment environment, String applicationName, String applicationVersion, ILogger logger) in [intentionally-blanked]\DataProtectionExtensions.cs:line 207
at [SomeOfMyNamespaces].Startup.ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) in [intentionally-blanked]\Startup.cs:line 96
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.ConventionBasedStartup.ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.EnsureApplicationServices()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.Initialize()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.BuildApplication()
crit: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[6]
Application startup exception
Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: An internal error occurred
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FilterPFXStore(Byte[] rawData, SafePasswordHandle password, PfxCertStoreFlags pfxCertStoreFlags)
at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FromBlobOrFile(Byte[] rawData, String fileName, SafePasswordHandle password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate..ctor(String fileName, String password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
at [SomeOfMyNamespaces].X509Certificate2Loader.LoadFromFile(String certName, String certPath, String certPassphrase, ILogger logger) in [intentionally-blanked]\X509Certificate2Loader.cs:line 57
at [SomeOfMyNamespaces].DataProtectionExtensions.AddDataProtection(IServiceCollection services, IConfiguration config, IHostingEnvironment environment, String applicationName, String applicationVersion, ILogger logger) in [intentionally-blanked]\DataProtectionExtensions.cs:line 207
at [SomeOfMyNamespaces].Startup.ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) in [intentionally-blanked]\Startup.cs:line 96
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.ConventionBasedStartup.ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.EnsureApplicationServices()
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.Initialize()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.BuildApplication()
引用的第 57 行是：
cert = new X509Certificate2(certPath, certPassphrase);
Identity Server 4 签名凭证发生相同的异常。
再悬赏 100 以帮助我在 Windows Server 2008 R2 上的 IIS 上获得此 运行ning。
IIS 和 docker（以及本地开发）的解决方案：使用这个并且 IIS 和 Docker 安装程序都不会报错：
cert = new X509Certificate2(certPath, certPassphrase, X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet);
我的 IS4 项目 运行ning 的实际代码是这样的：
X509Certificate2 certificate = null;
// Load certificate from Certificate Store using the configured Thumbprint
using (X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.LocalMachine))
{
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
X509Certificate2Collection certificates = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindByThumbprint, appConfiguration.CertificateThumbprint, false);
if (certificates.Count > 0)
certificate = certificates[0];
}
// Fallback to load certificate from local file
if (certificate == null)
{
string path = Path.Combine("C:\Certificates", appConfiguration.CertificateFilename);
try
{
certificate = new X509Certificate2(path, "CertificateSecret123$");
logger.LogInformation($"Found from file {certificate.Thumbprint}");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
logger.LogError(ex, $"Certificate file error {path}");
certificate = null;
}
}
if (certificate == null)
throw new Exception($"Certificate {appConfiguration.CertificateThumbprint} not found.");
builder.AddSigningCredential(certificate);
如果我更改指纹以强制代码从本地文件中查找证书，我会得到预期的结果：
更新 2018/11/19
我更正了代码中的错误，因为如果找不到证书文件，X509Certificate2 class 构造函数会抛出异常。所以，实际上，certificate = new X509Certificate2... 行之后的前一个 if (certificate == null) 控件永远不会到达。
使代码有效的步骤是：
- 创建证书并将其放入目录
- 检查 运行 代码的用户对文件夹的目录权限。
- 如果你在开发机器上，请检查运行s VS 的用户是否有权访问文件所在的目录。
- 如果您使用的是 IIS，请检查托管您的应用程序的
AppPool以及执行该应用程序的用户。它需要对证书目录具有权限。
- 使用示例代码从文件 加载证书。确保路径正确
- 使用指纹从商店加载证书。要获取证书指纹，您可以：
- 使用 PowerShell 命令
Get-ChildItem -path cert:\LocalMachine\My指定商店中您注册证书的正确位置。 - 使用 Windows 资源管理器，右键单击 .pfx 文件 -> 打开 -> 在 MMC 控制台中找到你的文件 -> 双击它 -> 详细信息 -> 指纹。 重要说明：Windows 中有一个众所周知的丑陋错误，当 coping/pasting 来自预览文本框的指纹值时。 当您粘贴值时，会在指纹的开头添加一个隐藏字符。所以 copy/paste 它首先在文本编辑器上，然后通过在第一个字符附近使用箭头键移动来检查它。另见 this.
- 使用 PowerShell 命令