如何为我的 JavaFX 程序加载 FXML URL?

How do I load in an FXML URL for my JavaFX program?

我目前正在关注 JavaFX 的 Jenkov 教程。他写了下面的代码

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

import java.net.URL;

public class FXMLExample extends Application{

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }

    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
        FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader();
        loader.setLocation(new URL("file:///C:/data/hello-world.fxml"));
        VBox vbox = loader.<VBox>load();

        Scene scene = new Scene(vbox);
        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        primaryStage.show();
    }
}

这是他写的我的版本:

package sample;

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.Parent;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

import java.net.URL;

//import java.awt.*;

public class Main extends Application {

    // The start method takes a single parameter of type stage.
    // The stage is where all the visual parts of the application are displayed
    // The stage is created
    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception{
        FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader();
        loader.setLocation(new URL("home/amnar/IdeaProjects/mockUI/src/sample/sample.fxml"));
        VBox vbox = loader.<VBox>load();

        Scene scene = new Scene(vbox);
        primaryStage.setTitle("My first JavaFX app");
        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        primaryStage.show();
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }
}

现在,当我尝试 运行 时,出现以下堆栈跟踪错误:

Gtk-Message: 13:44:10.402: Failed to load module "canberra-gtk-module"
Exception in Application start method
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplicationWithArgs(LauncherImpl.java:389)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication(LauncherImpl.java:328)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper$FXHelper.main(LauncherHelper.java:767)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Exception in Application start method
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication1(LauncherImpl.java:917)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication4(LauncherImpl.java:182)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: java.net.MalformedURLException: no protocol: \home\amnar\IdeaProjects\mockUI\src\sample\sample.fxml
    at java.net.URL.<init>(URL.java:593)
    at java.net.URL.<init>(URL.java:490)
    at java.net.URL.<init>(URL.java:439)
    at sample.Main.start(Main.java:24)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication11(LauncherImpl.java:863)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$runAndWait4(PlatformImpl.java:326)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$null2(PlatformImpl.java:295)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$runLater3(PlatformImpl.java:294)
    at com.sun.glass.ui.InvokeLaterDispatcher$Future.run(InvokeLaterDispatcher.java:95)
    at com.sun.glass.ui.gtk.GtkApplication._runLoop(Native Method)
    at com.sun.glass.ui.gtk.GtkApplication.lambda$null(GtkApplication.java:139)
    ... 1 more
Exception running application sample.Main

Process finished with exit code 1

我知道 gtk 错误,但我不确定它是否导致了问题。我在我的机器上 运行ning ubuntu 18.04.01 LTS,budgie 作为桌面环境。我发现 gtk 错误是由默认安装为 32 位而我的机器为 64 位的原因引起的。我试图解决这个问题但无济于事。尽管如此,当我尝试 运行 JavaFX 示例而不必使用 FXML 文件时,即使错误仍然存​​在,它也能正常工作。

我在这里错过了什么?我是否必须做一些不同的事情,因为我是 运行宁 linux 而这个例子似乎是 windows 上的 运行?我见过各种其他导入 FXML 的方法,例如使用 getClass()... 等。同样,我会得到这个我不理解的巨大堆栈跟踪。 trace的临界区好像是这样的:

Caused by: java.net.MalformedURLException: no protocol: \home\amnar\IdeaProjects\mockUI\src\sample\sample.fxml

因此我认为我需要重新格式化 URL 但我不知道该怎么做。

谢谢!

您已经正确认识了您的问题。 Java 的 URL class 需要指定协议。试试这个:

loader.setLocation(new URL("file:///home/amnar/IdeaProjects/mockUI/src/sample/sample.fxml"));