带 gstat 的克里金法:"Covariance matrix singular at location" 带预测

Kriging with gstat : "Covariance matrix singular at location" with predict

我正在尝试通过使用 gstat 的克里金法进行估计,但由于协方差矩阵的问题而永远无法实现。我从来没有对我想要的位置进行估计,因为它们都被跳过了。对于每个位置,我都有以下警告消息:

1: In predict.gstat(g, newdata = newdata, block = block, nsim = nsim,  : 
Covariance matrix singular at location [-8.07794,48.0158,0]: skipping...

并且所有估计都是 NA。

到目前为止,我已经浏览了许多相关的 Whosebug 线程,但是 none 解决了我的问题 (https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/222192/r-gstat-krige-covariance-matrix-singular-at-location-5-88-47-4-0-skipping ; https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/200722/gstat-krige-error-covariance-matrix-singular-at-location-917300-3-6109e06-0 ; https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/262993/r-gstat-predict-error?rq=1)

我检查过:

如何克服这个问题?避免奇异协方差矩阵的技巧是什么?我也欢迎 "best practice" 克里金法。

代码(需要forSO.Rdata:https://www.dropbox.com/s/5vfj2gw9rkt365r/forSO.Rdata?dl=0):

library(ggplot2)
library(gstat)

#Attached Rdata
load("forSO.Rdata")

#The observations
str(abun)

#Spatial structure
abun %>% as.data.frame %>% 
  ggplot(aes(lon, lat)) +
  geom_point(aes(colour=prop_species_cells), alpha=3/4) + 
  coord_equal() + theme_bw()

#Number of pair of points
cvgm <- variogram(prop_species_cells ~1, data=abun, width=3,  cutoff=300)
plot(cvgm$dist,cvgm$np)

#Fit a model covariogram
efitted = fit.variogram(cvgm, vgm(model="Mat", range=100, nugget=1), fit.method=7, fit.sills=TRUE, fit.ranges=TRUE)
plot(cvgm,efitted)

#No warning, and the model is non singular
attr(efitted, "singular")

#Covariance matrix (only on a small set of points, I have more than 25000 points) : positive-definite, postiive eigen values and not singular
hex_pointsDegTiny=hex_pointsDeg
hex_pointsDegTiny@coords=hex_pointsDegTiny@coords[1:10,]
dists <- spDists(hex_pointsDegTiny)
covarianceMatrix=variogramLine(efitted, maxdist = max(cvgm$dist), n = 10*max(cvgm$dist), dir = c(1,0,0), dist_vector = dists, covariance = TRUE)
eigen(covarianceMatrix)$values
is.positive.definite(covarianceMatrix)
is.singular.matrix(covarianceMatrix)

# No duplicate locations
zerodist(hex_pointsDegTiny)

# Impossible to krig
OK_fit <- gstat(id = "OK_fit", formula = prop_species_cells ~ 1, data = abun, model = efitted)
dist <- predict(OK_fit, newdata = hex_pointsDegTiny)
dist@data

实际上,在 abun 数据集 (zerodist(abun)) 中有重复的位置,它们不会被搜索到我想要 krig 估计的网格中。去除重复项后,克里金法工作正常。