Shapeless HList隐式解析——发散式隐式展开

Shapeless HList implicit resolution - diverging implicit expansion

这真让我烦恼。我收到 diverging implicit expansion for type Meta[Field2 :: HNil] 错误,我尝试编译以下内容:

case class Field() extends StaticAnnotation
case class Group() extends StaticAnnotation
case class Message() extends StaticAnnotation

@Field case class Field1(value: String)
@Field case class Field2(value: String)
@Field case class Field3(value: String)
@Group case class Group1(field1: Field1, field2: Field2)
@Message case class Message1(field3: Field3, group1: Group1)

trait Meta[T]

object Meta {
  implicit val hNil: Meta[HNil] = new Meta[HNil] {}
  implicit def field[TField](implicit a: Annotation[Field, TField]): Meta[TField] = new Meta[TField] {}
  implicit def hcons[Head, Tail <: HList](implicit h: Meta[Head], t: Meta[Tail]) : Meta[H :: T] = new Meta[H :: T] {}
  implicit def group[TGroup, ParamList <: HList](implicit a: Annotation[Group, TGroup], g: Generic.Aux[TGroup, ParamList], p: Meta[ParamList]): Meta[TGroup] = new Meta[TGroup] {}
  implicit def message[TMessage, ParamList <: HList](implicit a: Annotation[Message, TMessage], g: Generic.Aux[TMessage, ParamList], p: Meta[ParamList]): Meta[TMessage] = new Meta[TMessage] {}
}

object TestApp extends App {
  // throws compile exception here...
  implicitly[Meta[Message1]]
}

考虑扩展的过程Meta[Message1]:

  • 当用 message 扩展 Meta[Message1] 时,编译器需要 Meta[Field3 :: Group1 :: HNil]
  • 稍后,当用 group 扩展 Meta[Group1] 时,它需要 Meta[Field1 :: Field2 :: HNil]

编译器发现,在这个分支中它已经扩展了至少相同复杂度的类型构造函数 ::(即 HList 中具有相同数量的元素)。所以它假设,这个扩展分支导致无限循环,并报告隐式分歧。

要防止这种行为,您可以使用 shapeless.Lazy。来自文档:

Wraps a lazily computed value. Also circumvents cycles during implicit search, or wrong implicit divergences as illustrated below, and holds the corresponding implicit value lazily.

因此,要解决此问题,您可以将 LazyHead 扩展包装在 hcons 中:

implicit def hcons[Head, Tail <: HList](implicit 
  h: Lazy[Meta[Head]], 
  t: Meta[Tail]
): Meta[Head :: Tail] = 
  new Meta[Head :: Tail] {}

通常你应该在 Lazy 中包含 HListCoproduct 规则中的头部扩展,以及 Generic 规则中的 Repr 扩展.后者在这里不是必需的,我认为,因为你必须通过 hcons 规则,已经有 Lazy,从一个 GroupMessage 到另一个).