Scrapy，只遵循内部 URLS 但提取所有找到的链接

Question

我想使用 Scrapy 从给定网站获取所有外部链接。使用以下代码蜘蛛也抓取外部链接：

from scrapy.contrib.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from scrapy.contrib.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from myproject.items import someItem

class someSpider(CrawlSpider):
  name = 'crawltest'
  allowed_domains = ['someurl.com']
  start_urls = ['http://www.someurl.com/']

  rules = (Rule (LinkExtractor(), callback="parse_obj", follow=True),
  )

  def parse_obj(self,response):
    item = someItem()
    item['url'] = response.url
    return item

我错过了什么？ "allowed_domains"不是防止外链被抓取吗？如果我为 LinkExtractor 设置 "allow_domains" 它不会提取外部链接。澄清一下：我不想抓取内部链接，而是提取外部链接。任何帮助appriciated！

Answer 1

一个解决方案是在 SgmlLinkExtractor 中使用一个 process_link 函数此处的文档 http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/link-extractors.html

class testSpider(CrawlSpider):
    name = "test"
    bot_name = 'test'
    allowed_domains = ["news.google.com"]
    start_urls = ["https://news.google.com/"]
    rules = (
    Rule(SgmlLinkExtractor(allow_domains=()), callback='parse_items',process_links="filter_links",follow= True) ,
     )

    def filter_links(self, links):
        for link in links:
            if self.allowed_domains[0] not in link.url:
                print link.url

        return links

    def parse_items(self, response):
        ### ...

Answer 2

您还可以在解析每个页面后使用 link 提取器提取所有 link。

link 提取器将为您过滤 link。在此示例中，link 提取器将拒绝允许域中的 links，因此它只会到达 links 之外。

from scrapy.contrib.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from scrapy.contrib.linkextractors import LxmlLinkExtractor
from myproject.items import someItem

class someSpider(CrawlSpider):
  name = 'crawltest'
  allowed_domains = ['someurl.com']
  start_urls = ['http://www.someurl.com/']

  rules = (Rule(LxmlLinkExtractor(allow=()), callback='parse_obj', follow=True),)


  def parse_obj(self,response):
    for link in LxmlLinkExtractor(allow=(),deny = self.allowed_domains).extract_links(response):
        item = someItem()
        item['url'] = link.url

Answer 3

根据 12Ryan12 的回答更新的代码，

from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from scrapy.linkextractors.lxmlhtml import LxmlLinkExtractor
from scrapy.item import Item, Field

class MyItem(Item):
    url= Field()


class someSpider(CrawlSpider):
    name = 'crawltest'
    allowed_domains = ['someurl.com']
    start_urls = ['http://www.someurl.com/']
    rules = (Rule(LxmlLinkExtractor(allow=()), callback='parse_obj', follow=True),)

    def parse_obj(self,response):
        item = MyItem()
        item['url'] = []
        for link in LxmlLinkExtractor(allow=(),deny = self.allowed_domains).extract_links(response):
            item['url'].append(link.url)
        return item

Scrapy，只遵循内部 URLS 但提取所有找到的链接

Scrapy, only follow internal URLS but extract all links found

python

scrapy

web-crawler

scrape

scrapy-spider