dotimes 中 floor 的多个 return 值

Multiple return values of floor in dotimes

dotimes 上的 floor Hyperspec 文章有这个例子:

(defun palindromep (string &optional
                           (start 0)
                           (end (length string)))
   (dotimes (k (floor (- end start) 2) t)
    (unless (char-equal (char string (+ start k))
                        (char string (- end k 1)))
      (return nil))))

如果floor returns 两个值,例如(floor 5 2) -> 21dotimes 如何知道只使用第一个值而忽略第二个值的计数形式?

来自 7.10.1,

Normally multiple values are not used. Special forms are required both to produce multiple values and to receive them. If the caller of a function does not request multiple values, but the called function produces multiple values, then the first value is given to the caller and all others are discarded; if the called function produces zero values, then the caller gets nil as a value.

除非您专门 做一些事情来处理多个值(例如通过 multiple-value-call 或配备来处理它们的各种宏之一),除了第一个值将被忽略。

这是一种通用机制,并不特定于 dotimes

如果调用函数或设置变量,则只会传递第一个值:

CL-USER 52 > (defun foo (x) x)
FOO

CL-USER 53 > (foo (floor 5 2))
2

CL-USER 54 > (let ((foo (floor 5 2)))
               foo)
2

要对多个值进行等效(调用函数、绑定变量),需要使用特殊结构:

CL-USER 55 > (multiple-value-call #'list
               (floor 5 2) (floor 7 3)) 
(2 1 2 1)

CL-USER 56 > (multiple-value-bind (foo0 foo1)
                 (floor 5 2)
               (list foo0 foo1))
(2 1)