django 2.1.3 'django.db.backends.postgis' 不是可用的数据库后端
django 2.1.3 'django.db.backends.postgis' isn't an available database backend
我正在尝试将 geodjango 用于一个项目。在我使用 geodjango 之前,我试图从以下教程中学习它:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/contrib/gis/tutorial/
我最初安装了 django 1.11 并尝试按照该教程进行操作(我真蠢)。但是,在卸载 django 1.11 并安装 django 2.1.3 后,我遇到了一些错误。
我按照教程制作模型后,使用命令
python3 manage.py makemigrations
我最终收到以下错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site- packages/django/db/utils.py", line 110, in load_backend
return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
File "/usr/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 941, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 953, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'django.db.backends.postgis'
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 15, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 357, in execute
django.setup()
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 112, in populate
app_config.import_models()
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 198, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "/usr/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 2, in <module>
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 47, in <module>
class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 101, in __new__
new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 305, in add_to_class
value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 203, in contribute_to_class
self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 33, in __getattr__
return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 202, in __getitem__
backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 125, in load_backend
) from e_user
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: 'django.db.backends.postgis' isn't an available database backend.
Try using 'django.db.backends.XXX', where XXX is one of:
'mysql', 'oracle', 'postgresql', 'sqlite3'
这是我在 settings.py 中的配置:
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'django.contrib.gis',
'world',
]
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgis',
'NAME': 'XXXX', #redacted
'USER': 'XXXX', #redacted
'PASSWORD': 'XXXX', #redacted
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': '5432',
}
}
当我在 python2 上安装 django 1.11 时,我最初处理了这个问题,但即使我使用 python3,我仍然会遇到错误。当我运行
python3 -m django version
我得到“2.1.3”。我不确定为什么 django 2.1.3 不会将 postgis 作为后端,即使教程告诉我它确实如此。我的 django 安装是否有问题,以至于当我 运行
django-admin
它 运行是 1.11 脚本而不是 2.1.3?我很迷茫,这很令人沮丧。
postgis backend 在 django.contrib.gis
中,而不是 django.db
:
'ENGINE': 'django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis',
我正在尝试将 geodjango 用于一个项目。在我使用 geodjango 之前,我试图从以下教程中学习它:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/contrib/gis/tutorial/
我最初安装了 django 1.11 并尝试按照该教程进行操作(我真蠢)。但是,在卸载 django 1.11 并安装 django 2.1.3 后,我遇到了一些错误。
我按照教程制作模型后,使用命令
python3 manage.py makemigrations
我最终收到以下错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site- packages/django/db/utils.py", line 110, in load_backend
return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
File "/usr/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 941, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 953, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'django.db.backends.postgis'
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 15, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 357, in execute
django.setup()
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 112, in populate
app_config.import_models()
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 198, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "/usr/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 2, in <module>
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 47, in <module>
class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 101, in __new__
new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 305, in add_to_class
value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 203, in contribute_to_class
self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 33, in __getattr__
return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 202, in __getitem__
backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
File "/home/aihoque2/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 125, in load_backend
) from e_user
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: 'django.db.backends.postgis' isn't an available database backend.
Try using 'django.db.backends.XXX', where XXX is one of:
'mysql', 'oracle', 'postgresql', 'sqlite3'
这是我在 settings.py 中的配置:
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'django.contrib.gis',
'world',
]
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgis',
'NAME': 'XXXX', #redacted
'USER': 'XXXX', #redacted
'PASSWORD': 'XXXX', #redacted
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': '5432',
}
}
当我在 python2 上安装 django 1.11 时,我最初处理了这个问题,但即使我使用 python3,我仍然会遇到错误。当我运行
python3 -m django version
我得到“2.1.3”。我不确定为什么 django 2.1.3 不会将 postgis 作为后端,即使教程告诉我它确实如此。我的 django 安装是否有问题,以至于当我 运行
django-admin
它 运行是 1.11 脚本而不是 2.1.3?我很迷茫,这很令人沮丧。
postgis backend 在 django.contrib.gis
中,而不是 django.db
:
'ENGINE': 'django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis',