Debian - 已安装 Nodejs 但未安装 npm
Debian - Nodejs is installed but npm isn't
我正在关注 https://github.com/nodesource/distributions 在 Debian 上安装 Nodejs v11.x。按照这两条说明进行操作后，Nodejs 似乎安装正常 nodejs -v returns v4.8.2.
但是npm好像没有安装。 whereis npm returns 什么都没有，我很确定我的磁盘上没有安装 npm。
我在下面的命令 curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_11.x | bash - 后粘贴了控制台日志：
+ apt-get update
Hit:1 http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian stretch InRelease
Get:2 http://ppa.launchpad.net/freecad-maintainers/freecad-stable/ubuntu cosmic InRelease [15.4 kB]
Hit:3 http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates InRelease
Ign:2 http://ppa.launchpad.net/freecad-maintainers/freecad-stable/ubuntu cosmic InRelease
Hit:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch-backports InRelease
Ign:5 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch InRelease
Ign:6 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco InRelease
Hit:7 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch Release
Ign:9 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco Release
Hit:10 https://download.sublimetext.com apt/stable/ InRelease
Ign:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main i386 Packages
Ign:12 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 Packages
Ign:13 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all Packages
Ign:14 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en_US
Ign:15 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en
Ign:16 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:17 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main i386 Packages
Ign:12 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 Packages
Ign:13 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all Packages
Ign:14 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en_US
Ign:15 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en
Ign:16 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:17 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main i386 Packages
Ign:12 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 Packages
Ign:13 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all Packages
Ign:14 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en_US
Ign:15 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en
Ign:16 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:17 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main i386 Packages
Ign:12 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 Packages
Ign:13 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all Packages
Ign:14 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en_US
Ign:15 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en
Ign:16 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:17 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main i386 Packages
Ign:12 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 Packages
Ign:13 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all Packages
Ign:14 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en_US
Ign:15 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en
Ign:16 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:17 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all DEP-11 Metadata
Err:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main i386 Packages
404 Not Found
Ign:12 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 Packages
Ign:13 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all Packages
Ign:14 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en_US
Ign:15 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en
Ign:16 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:17 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all DEP-11 Metadata
Fetched 15.4 kB in 16s (929 B/s)
Reading package lists... Done
W: GPG error: http://ppa.launchpad.net/freecad-maintainers/freecad-stable/ubuntu cosmic InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 005EAE8119BB5BCA
W: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/freecad-maintainers/freecad-stable/ubuntu cosmic InRelease' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu/dists/disco/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found
E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
Error executing command, exiting
我的猜测是安装程序脚本在安装过程中途停止，因为 apt-get 抛出错误。但是，即使是这样，我也不知道如何解决这个问题。我不想删除 freecad 和 java 的存储库以积极退出。
如果答案与apt-get有关，并且在本论坛上是题外话，是否可以迁移到askubuntu？
好吧，首先让我们解决您看到的关于存储库的错误。
这一行告诉你问题所在。
W: GPG error: http://ppa.launchpad.net/freecad-maintainers/freecad-stable/ubuntu cosmic InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 005EAE8119BB5BCA
您是否按照 freecad 页面上的密钥安装说明进行了操作？参见 https://launchpad.net/~freecad-maintainers/+archive/ubuntu/freecad-stable
然后单击签名密钥 - 这是什么？
关于节点问题，尝试更新节点：
https://www.hostingadvice.com/how-to/update-node-js-latest-version/
另外，试试 sudo apt-get install npm
尝试修复存储库问题会出现奇怪的 python 错误，这可能与我在系统中同时安装了 python 2.7 和 3 有关，但我不确定。
我最后所做的只是暂时从 /etc/apt/sources.list.d 中删除有问题的存储库，然后再次 运行 运行 curl 脚本。这使得脚本 运行 没有任何错误，之后，命令 apt install -y nodejs 与 npm 一起安装正确的版本。
问题似乎是 debian 的默认存储库也有一个没有 npm 的 nodejs 包。由于 apt-get update 错误，安装脚本过早退出。修复该错误就完成了工作。
我正在关注 https://github.com/nodesource/distributions 在 Debian 上安装 Nodejs v11.x。按照这两条说明进行操作后，Nodejs 似乎安装正常 nodejs -v returns v4.8.2.
但是npm好像没有安装。 whereis npm returns 什么都没有，我很确定我的磁盘上没有安装 npm。
我在下面的命令 curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_11.x | bash - 后粘贴了控制台日志：
+ apt-get update
Hit:1 http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian stretch InRelease
Get:2 http://ppa.launchpad.net/freecad-maintainers/freecad-stable/ubuntu cosmic InRelease [15.4 kB]
Hit:3 http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates InRelease
Ign:2 http://ppa.launchpad.net/freecad-maintainers/freecad-stable/ubuntu cosmic InRelease
Hit:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch-backports InRelease
Ign:5 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch InRelease
Ign:6 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco InRelease
Hit:7 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch Release
Ign:9 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco Release
Hit:10 https://download.sublimetext.com apt/stable/ InRelease
Ign:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main i386 Packages
Ign:12 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 Packages
Ign:13 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all Packages
Ign:14 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en_US
Ign:15 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en
Ign:16 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:17 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main i386 Packages
Ign:12 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 Packages
Ign:13 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all Packages
Ign:14 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en_US
Ign:15 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en
Ign:16 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:17 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main i386 Packages
Ign:12 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 Packages
Ign:13 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all Packages
Ign:14 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en_US
Ign:15 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en
Ign:16 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:17 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main i386 Packages
Ign:12 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 Packages
Ign:13 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all Packages
Ign:14 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en_US
Ign:15 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en
Ign:16 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:17 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main i386 Packages
Ign:12 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 Packages
Ign:13 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all Packages
Ign:14 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en_US
Ign:15 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en
Ign:16 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:17 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all DEP-11 Metadata
Err:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main i386 Packages
404 Not Found
Ign:12 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 Packages
Ign:13 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all Packages
Ign:14 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en_US
Ign:15 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main Translation-en
Ign:16 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata
Ign:17 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco/main all DEP-11 Metadata
Fetched 15.4 kB in 16s (929 B/s)
Reading package lists... Done
W: GPG error: http://ppa.launchpad.net/freecad-maintainers/freecad-stable/ubuntu cosmic InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 005EAE8119BB5BCA
W: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/freecad-maintainers/freecad-stable/ubuntu cosmic InRelease' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu disco Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu/dists/disco/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found
E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
Error executing command, exiting
我的猜测是安装程序脚本在安装过程中途停止，因为 apt-get 抛出错误。但是，即使是这样，我也不知道如何解决这个问题。我不想删除 freecad 和 java 的存储库以积极退出。
如果答案与apt-get有关，并且在本论坛上是题外话，是否可以迁移到askubuntu？
好吧，首先让我们解决您看到的关于存储库的错误。
这一行告诉你问题所在。
W: GPG error: http://ppa.launchpad.net/freecad-maintainers/freecad-stable/ubuntu cosmic InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 005EAE8119BB5BCA
您是否按照 freecad 页面上的密钥安装说明进行了操作？参见 https://launchpad.net/~freecad-maintainers/+archive/ubuntu/freecad-stable
然后单击签名密钥 - 这是什么？
关于节点问题，尝试更新节点： https://www.hostingadvice.com/how-to/update-node-js-latest-version/
另外，试试 sudo apt-get install npm
尝试修复存储库问题会出现奇怪的 python 错误，这可能与我在系统中同时安装了 python 2.7 和 3 有关，但我不确定。
我最后所做的只是暂时从 /etc/apt/sources.list.d 中删除有问题的存储库，然后再次 运行 运行 curl 脚本。这使得脚本 运行 没有任何错误，之后，命令 apt install -y nodejs 与 npm 一起安装正确的版本。
问题似乎是 debian 的默认存储库也有一个没有 npm 的 nodejs 包。由于 apt-get update 错误，安装脚本过早退出。修复该错误就完成了工作。