'depth' 的外联定义与 'Tree<E>' 中的任何声明都不匹配(2 个声明错误)
Out-of-line definition of 'depth' does not match any declaration in 'Tree<E>' (2 declaration errors)
这是一个 General Trees 程序,我试图在其中找到树的深度(深度为 2)并计算目录的大小。这两个错误是声明错误(接近 Tree.cpp 的底部)并且似乎无法正确声明函数。
Tree.cpp
#include "Tree.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template <typename E>
bool Tree<E>::Position::isRoot() const
{
if (u->parent == NULL)
return true;
else
return false;
}
template <typename E>
bool Tree<E>::Position::isExternal() const
{
return (u->child.empty());
}
template <typename E>
bool Tree<E>::Position::operator==(Tree<E>::Position p)
{
if (u == p.u)
return true;
else
return false;
}
template <typename E>
Tree<E>::Position::Position(TreeNode *v)
{
u = v;
}
template <typename E>
typename Tree<E>::Position Tree<E>::Position::parent()
{
return Tree<E>::Position(u->parent);
}
template <typename E>
typename Tree<E>::PositionList Tree<E>::Position::children()
{
return (u->child);
}
template <typename E>
E Tree<E>::Position::operator*()
{
return u->e;
}
template <typename E>
typename Tree<E>::Position Tree<E>::root()
{
return typename Tree<E>::Position(r);
}
template <typename E>
int Tree<E>::size() const
{
return this->n;
}
template <typename E>
bool Tree<E>::empty() const
{
return size() == 0;
}
template <typename E>
void Tree<E>::insert(E e, Tree<E>::Position p)
{
TreeNode *v = new TreeNode() ;
v->e = e;
if (empty())
v->parent = NULL;
else
v->parent = p.u;
if (!empty() )
{
p.u->child.insertBack(v);
}
else
{
v->parent = NULL;
r = v;
}
++n;
}
template <typename E>
NodeList<typename Tree<E>::Position> Tree<E>::Positions()
{
typename Tree<E>::PositionList list;
preorder(r, list);
return list;
}
template <typename E>
void Tree<E>::preorder(Tree<E>::Position p, Tree<E>::PositionList &pl)
{
pl.insertBack(p);
if (p.u->child.empty()==false)
for(typename Tree<E>::PositionList::Iterator ii = p.u->child.begin(); ii!= p.u->child.end(); ++ii)
preorder(*ii, pl);
}
template <typename E>
int Tree<E>::depth(Tree<E>::TreeNode& u, Tree<E>::Position& p) //ERROR: Out-of-line definition of 'depth' does not match any declaration in 'Tree<E>'
{
if (p.isRoot())
return 0;
else
return 1+depth(u, p.parent());
}
template <typename E>
int Tree<E>::directorySize(Tree<E>::TreeNode& u, Tree<E>::Position& p) //Out-of-line definition of 'directorySize' does not match any declaration in 'Tree<E>'
{
int s = size(p);
if (!p.isExternal())
{
PositionList ch = p.children();
for (typename Tree<E>::PositionList::Iterator q = ch.begin(); q != ch.end(); q++)
s += depth(u, *q);
cout << name(p) << ": " << s << endl;
}
return s;
}
Tree.h
#ifndef TREE_H
#define TREE_H
#include <cstdlib>
#include "NodeList.cpp"
template <typename E>
class Tree {
public:
class TreeNode;
public:
class Position // a node position
{
public:
E operator*(); // get element
Position parent();
NodeList<Position> children();
bool isRoot() const; // root node?
bool isExternal() const; // external node?
bool operator==(Position p);
int depth(const Tree& u, const Position& p); //DECLARED(ERROR) - DEPTH OF TWO FUNCTION
Position(typename Tree<E>::TreeNode *v);
Position(){}
typename Tree<E>::TreeNode *u;
friend class NodeList<Position>;
};
typedef NodeList<typename Tree<E>::Position> PositionList;
public:
class TreeNode
{
E e;
TreeNode *parent;
typename Tree<E>::PositionList child;
friend class Tree;
friend class Tree<E>::Position;
public:
TreeNode(){
parent = NULL;
}
TreeNode(E,Tree<E>::Position*, Tree<E>::PositionList*);
TreeNode& operator=(const TreeNode &t)
{
parent = t.parent;
child = t.child;
e = t.e;
}
};
public: // public functions of Tree
Tree<E>(){
n = 0;
}
int size() const; // number of nodes
bool empty() const; // is tree empty?
int directorySize(const TreeNode& u, const Position& p); //DECLARED(ERROR) - SIZE OF DIRECTORY
Position root();
PositionList Positions();
void insert(E e, Position p);
void preorder(Position p ,PositionList &pre_order);
private:
TreeNode *r;
int n;
friend class Position;
};
#endif
错误仅出现在 Tree.cpp 文件中。
这里有多个错误:
- 参数声明为
const
合格引用,但 const
在定义中被删除。
depth()
是 Tree<E>::Position
而非 Tree<E>
的成员。
depth()
的第一个参数是 Tree<E>
而不是 TreeNode
。
请注意,将代码放入 .cpp
文件中要么造成混淆(如果打算包含该文件),要么会在使用 template
类 时引起麻烦另一个翻译单位。不过,这个问题与问题无关。
这是一个 General Trees 程序,我试图在其中找到树的深度(深度为 2)并计算目录的大小。这两个错误是声明错误(接近 Tree.cpp 的底部)并且似乎无法正确声明函数。
Tree.cpp
#include "Tree.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template <typename E>
bool Tree<E>::Position::isRoot() const
{
if (u->parent == NULL)
return true;
else
return false;
}
template <typename E>
bool Tree<E>::Position::isExternal() const
{
return (u->child.empty());
}
template <typename E>
bool Tree<E>::Position::operator==(Tree<E>::Position p)
{
if (u == p.u)
return true;
else
return false;
}
template <typename E>
Tree<E>::Position::Position(TreeNode *v)
{
u = v;
}
template <typename E>
typename Tree<E>::Position Tree<E>::Position::parent()
{
return Tree<E>::Position(u->parent);
}
template <typename E>
typename Tree<E>::PositionList Tree<E>::Position::children()
{
return (u->child);
}
template <typename E>
E Tree<E>::Position::operator*()
{
return u->e;
}
template <typename E>
typename Tree<E>::Position Tree<E>::root()
{
return typename Tree<E>::Position(r);
}
template <typename E>
int Tree<E>::size() const
{
return this->n;
}
template <typename E>
bool Tree<E>::empty() const
{
return size() == 0;
}
template <typename E>
void Tree<E>::insert(E e, Tree<E>::Position p)
{
TreeNode *v = new TreeNode() ;
v->e = e;
if (empty())
v->parent = NULL;
else
v->parent = p.u;
if (!empty() )
{
p.u->child.insertBack(v);
}
else
{
v->parent = NULL;
r = v;
}
++n;
}
template <typename E>
NodeList<typename Tree<E>::Position> Tree<E>::Positions()
{
typename Tree<E>::PositionList list;
preorder(r, list);
return list;
}
template <typename E>
void Tree<E>::preorder(Tree<E>::Position p, Tree<E>::PositionList &pl)
{
pl.insertBack(p);
if (p.u->child.empty()==false)
for(typename Tree<E>::PositionList::Iterator ii = p.u->child.begin(); ii!= p.u->child.end(); ++ii)
preorder(*ii, pl);
}
template <typename E>
int Tree<E>::depth(Tree<E>::TreeNode& u, Tree<E>::Position& p) //ERROR: Out-of-line definition of 'depth' does not match any declaration in 'Tree<E>'
{
if (p.isRoot())
return 0;
else
return 1+depth(u, p.parent());
}
template <typename E>
int Tree<E>::directorySize(Tree<E>::TreeNode& u, Tree<E>::Position& p) //Out-of-line definition of 'directorySize' does not match any declaration in 'Tree<E>'
{
int s = size(p);
if (!p.isExternal())
{
PositionList ch = p.children();
for (typename Tree<E>::PositionList::Iterator q = ch.begin(); q != ch.end(); q++)
s += depth(u, *q);
cout << name(p) << ": " << s << endl;
}
return s;
}
Tree.h
#ifndef TREE_H
#define TREE_H
#include <cstdlib>
#include "NodeList.cpp"
template <typename E>
class Tree {
public:
class TreeNode;
public:
class Position // a node position
{
public:
E operator*(); // get element
Position parent();
NodeList<Position> children();
bool isRoot() const; // root node?
bool isExternal() const; // external node?
bool operator==(Position p);
int depth(const Tree& u, const Position& p); //DECLARED(ERROR) - DEPTH OF TWO FUNCTION
Position(typename Tree<E>::TreeNode *v);
Position(){}
typename Tree<E>::TreeNode *u;
friend class NodeList<Position>;
};
typedef NodeList<typename Tree<E>::Position> PositionList;
public:
class TreeNode
{
E e;
TreeNode *parent;
typename Tree<E>::PositionList child;
friend class Tree;
friend class Tree<E>::Position;
public:
TreeNode(){
parent = NULL;
}
TreeNode(E,Tree<E>::Position*, Tree<E>::PositionList*);
TreeNode& operator=(const TreeNode &t)
{
parent = t.parent;
child = t.child;
e = t.e;
}
};
public: // public functions of Tree
Tree<E>(){
n = 0;
}
int size() const; // number of nodes
bool empty() const; // is tree empty?
int directorySize(const TreeNode& u, const Position& p); //DECLARED(ERROR) - SIZE OF DIRECTORY
Position root();
PositionList Positions();
void insert(E e, Position p);
void preorder(Position p ,PositionList &pre_order);
private:
TreeNode *r;
int n;
friend class Position;
};
#endif
错误仅出现在 Tree.cpp 文件中。
这里有多个错误:
- 参数声明为
const
合格引用,但const
在定义中被删除。 depth()
是Tree<E>::Position
而非Tree<E>
的成员。depth()
的第一个参数是Tree<E>
而不是TreeNode
。
请注意,将代码放入 .cpp
文件中要么造成混淆(如果打算包含该文件),要么会在使用 template
类 时引起麻烦另一个翻译单位。不过,这个问题与问题无关。