尝试以 python 更快地渲染 ASCII 艺术

Question

我正在尝试在 python

中构建基于文本的开放世界游戏

world = [["=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","="],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
    ]

for i in world:
    for j in i:
        print(j, end="")
    print("")

此代码成功打印了世界地图，尽管有点慢。有没有办法提高性能？最终我想要一张巨大的地图，玩家可以在其中移动，与敌人、NPC 等互动。有什么方法可以加快渲染速度以达到优于 .1 FPS 的速度？

我在 Python 3.7 IDLE。

谢谢！

Answer 1

使用 .join() 快速组合列表。

print('\n'.join([''.join(row) for row in world]))

在 IDLE 上，print 有很多开销。您可能希望在打印字符串之前对其进行编译以获得最佳性能。

Answer 2

如果你在 linux / osx，你可以查看 curses。使用库，您可以单独绘制像素，而不是一直重新绘制每个像素。

大地图时：只绘制当前可见的部分。

Answer 3

String 在 python 中已经是只读迭代器。所以你可以做类似

的事情

world = [
    "  X  ",
    " XXX ",
    " X   ",
    ]
for row in world:
    print(row)

但是您真的应该尽量减少对 print 的更多调用，这很慢。也许你可以只使用一个三重引号字符串？

world = """\
  X  
 XXX 
  X   """

print(world)

这样的字符串，您可以通过计算它前面的字符数来访问 (i,j) 元素。每行有 board_width + 1 个字符（不要忘记计算换行符），并且在元素 (i,j) 之前有 j 行。另外，在 0 处建立索引，您有 i 个元素与 (i,j) 在同一行，但在 (i,j) 的左侧，因此 (i,j) 元素是 world[(row_width + 1) * j + i].

如果您想保留双数组，因为它可变，请考虑在打印之前将其合并为一个字符串。为此，使用 map 在一次调用中合并每一行。

displayedWorld = "\n".join(map("".join, world))

edit1：您可以像 TrebuchetMS 那样进行列表理解，但它实际上构建了一个列表，而在 python3 中，map 将创建一个迭代器，它不会在调用 "\n".map 之前不需要存储所有转换的行，而是动态计算转换行的列表，而不是将它们存储在列表中。

edit2：对于世界的部分渲染，只需在构建字符串之前使用列表的范围选择。例如，world[j1:j2] 仅包含从索引 j1（包括）到索引 j2（排除）的世界行。因此，如果您想要显示从 (i,j) 开始且尺寸为 (w,h) 的矩形，请执行：

displayedWorld = "\n".join(map(lambda row: "".join(row[i:i+w]), world[j:j+h]))

这是使用了一个新的习惯用法，lambda，它只是一个未命名的函数。 lambda lambda row: "".join(row) 等同于方法 "".join。因此 lambda row: "".join(row[i:i+w]) 仅合并行中从 i 到 i+w 的案例。请注意，我们还只选择了世界上从 j 到 j+h 的行。

尝试以 python 更快地渲染 ASCII 艺术

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