javascript 中的 hasOwnProperty & Object.keys 未按预期工作

hasOwnProperty & Object.keys in javascript not working as expected

目的:只继承对象键,不继承被继承的键

两个构造函数:Person 和 Teacher。 Teacher 正在使用原型继承来继承属性。

身高和体重是人传人的两个关键。

据我了解,for ... in 循环遍历对象中的所有键以及继承的键。因此 hasOwnProperty 用于过滤仅在 Teacher 对象中可用的属性。然而,代码输出所有属性,包括它不应该的高度和重量。

/* eslint-disable no-console */

function Person(first, last, age, gender, interests, weight, height) {
  this.name = {
    first,
    last,
  };
  this.age = age;
  this.gender = gender;
  this.interests = interests;
  this.weight = weight;
  this.height = height;
}

Person.prototype.greeting = () => {
  console.log(`Hi! I'm ${this.name.first}.`);
};

function Teacher(first, last, age, gender, interests, subject) {
  Person.call(this, first, last, age, gender, interests);

  this.subject = subject;
}

Teacher.prototype.greeting = () => {
  let prefix;

  if (this.gender === 'male' || this.gender === 'Male' || this.gender === 'm' || this.gender === 'M') {
    prefix = 'Mr.';
  } else if (this.gender === 'female' || this.gender === 'Female' || this.gender === 'f' || this.gender === 'F') {
    prefix = 'Mrs.';
  } else {
    prefix = 'Mx.';
  }

  console.log(`Hello. My name is ${prefix} ${this.name.last}, and I teach ${this.subject}.`);
};

Teacher.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype);

Object.defineProperty(Teacher.prototype, 'constructor', {
  value: Teacher,
  enumerable: false, // so that it does not appear in 'for in' loop
  writable: true,
});

const teacher1 = new Teacher('Dave', 'Griffiths', 31, 'male', ['football', 'cookery'], 'mathematics');

for(var key in teacher1){
  if(teacher1.hasOwnProperty(key)){
    console.log(key);
  }
}

// Output: name, age, gender, interests, weight, height, subject
// weight and height should not be here

nameageteacher1 上的属性是 自己的属性。它们不是从 teacher1 的原型 (Teacher.prototype) 或 它的 原型 (Person.prototype) 继承的。尽管分配给它们的是 Person,但它们仍然是自己的属性。 TeacherPerson 的调用中的 this 是将分配给 teacher1 的对象,因此

this.age = age;

...使 age 成为 teacher1 的 属性。

一旦在对象上创建了 属性,就无法知道创建它的函数(如果有)。


您的代码还有一些其他问题:

  1. 您正在将箭头函数分配给 Teacher.prototype.greeting。不要对将被继承的方法使用箭头函数,this 将不会被正确设置。几个相关问题的答案可能有用:

    • What's the meaning of “=>” (an arrow formed from equals & greater than) in JavaScript?
  2. 您正在分配给 Teacher.prototype.greeting,然后稍后完全替换 Teacher.prototype (Teacher.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype);)。所以你不会有 greeting 方法。

  3. 如果您替换 Teacher.prototype 上的对象,请务必确保其 constructor 属性 是正确的:

    Teacher.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype);
    Teacher.prototype.constructor = Teacher; // <===
    

但是:因为无论如何你都在使用 ES2015+ 特性(箭头函数,模板文字,...),你可以让这一切变得 much 使用 class syntax.

更简单