Ocaml:在递归函数中为 Ast 类型构建列表

Ocaml: build list for Ast type in recursive function

我有一个手写的 LL1 解析器。我的 AST 并没有尽可能地简化。语句部分如下所示:

type stmt_opt = StmtExpression of assignment | OptNil
[@@deriving show]
(*stmt_list -> stmt stmt_list | ε *)
type stmtlist =
    | StmtList of stmt * stmtlist
    | StmtlistNil 
[@@deriving show]

and stmt = 
| Assignment of assignment
| Return of stmt_opt 
| Parentheses of stmtlist
| If of assignment * stmt
| For of assignment * assignment * assignment * stmt
| While of assignment * stmt
(*“lparen” formals_opt “rparen” “LBRACE” vdecl_list stmt_list “RBRACE”*)
[@@deriving show]

如您所见,我仍然掌握着很多不必要的信息。我想像这样构建我的声明:

type stmt =
    Block of stmt list
  | Expr of expr
  | Return of expr
  | If of expr * stmt * stmt
  | For of expr * expr * expr * stmt
  | While of expr * stmt

我有点不知所措,因为我真的是按照书本构建了我的 LL1 解析器(我相信这不会预料到很长的语法):每个非终结符都有一个解析方法,每个解析方法 returns 一个令牌列表和一个 ast。

我认为,为了构建像我的目标语句 AST 中那样的 Block 类型,我需要在我的递归 parseStmt 方法中构建一个语句列表。我已将我的解析器代码缩减为仅调用 parseStmtList 的解析器方法以及它们调用 parseStmtList

的特定实例
(*stmt_list = stmt stmt_list | epsilon*)
let rec parseStmtList tokenlist lst = 
    match tokenlist.head with 
    | Lexer.RightBrace -> (tokenlist, Ast.StmtlistNil )
    | _ -> let (tokenlist_stmt, stmt) = parseStmt tokenlist in 
          let new_lst = lst::stmt in
          let (tokenlist_stmt_list, stmt_list) = tokenlist_stmt new_lst |> parseStmtList in
          (tokenlist_stmt_list, Ast.Block(stmt_lst))

(*stmt -> assignment SEMI 
|  RETURN stmt_opt SEMI
|  LBRACE stmt_list RBRACE 
|  IF LPAREN assignment RPAREN stmt 
|  FOR LPAREN assignment SEMI assignment SEMI assignment RPAREN stmt  
|  WHILE LPAREN assignment RPAREN stmt
*)

and parseStmt tokenlist = 
   begin
   match tokenlist.head with 
   | Lexer.ID identifier -> let (tokenlist_assignment, assignment) = parseAssignment tokenlist in
                begin
                match tokenlist_assignment.head with
                | Lexer.Semicolon -> (next tokenlist_assignment, Ast.Assignment(assignment))
                | _-> let err_msg = __LOC__ ^ "Syntax Error semicolon expected but received" ^ show_token_list tokenlist in
                     raise (Syntax_error err_msg) 
                end
         | Lexer.LeftBrace -> let tokenlist_leftbrace = next tokenlist in 
                        let (tokenlist_expr, expr) = parseStmtList tokenlist_leftbrace [] in
                        begin
                        match tokenlist_expr.head with
                        | Lexer.RightBrace -> (next tokenlist_expr, Ast.Parentheses(expr))
                        | _-> let err_msg = __LOC__ ^ "Syntax Error right brace expected but received" ^ show_token_list tokenlist in
                              raise (Syntax_error err_msg)
                        end
   | _-> let err_msg = __LOC__ ^ "Syntax Error left brace expected but received" ^ show_token_list tokenlist in
                    raise (Syntax_error err_msg)
    end

但是,我收到错误消息:

Error: This expression has type 'a -> token_list * Ast.stmtlist
       but an expression was expected of type 'b * 'c

对于 parseStmtList

中的 let (tokenlist_stmt_list, stmt_list) = tokenlist_stmt new_lst |> parseStmtList in
tokenlist_stmt new_lst |> parseStmtList

此处您将 ​​tokenlist_stmt 应用于参数 new_lst,然后将 parseStmtList 应用于结果。但是 tokenlist_stmt 实际上不是一个函数,所以这是一个类型错误。

大概你的意图是用 tokenlist_stmtnew_lst 作为它的两个参数来调用 parseStmtList。语法很简单:

parseStmtList tokenlist_stmt new_lst

此外 lst::stmt 也是类型错误,原因有二:

  1. :: 将列表作为它的右操作数,而不是左操作数,所以它应该是 stmt::lst
  2. lst 实际上不是一个列表,它是一个 Ast.Block 因为那是 parseStmtList returns.

一旦你解决了所有这些问题,你会注意到列表将是错误的(大概这就是你首先尝试 lst::stmt 的原因,但你不能附加到像这样的列表的结尾)。这是使用累加器构建列表时的常见问题。解决方案是在完成构建后反转列表,或者首先不使用累加器。


需要指出的重要一点是,所有这些问题在使用 Ast.stmtlist 时也会出现。也就是说,如果您的代码如下所示:

let new_lst = Ast.StmtList(lst, stmt) in
let (tokenlist_stmt_list, stmt_list) = tokenlist_stmt new_lst |> parseStmtList in
(tokenlist_stmt_list, Ast.Block(stmt_lst))

然后你会得到完全相同的错误。这让我觉得,你改变的代码比你需要的要多。由于您的旧代码可能有效,我假设它看起来像这样:

let rec parseStmtList tokenlist = 
    match tokenlist.head with 
    | Lexer.RightBrace -> (tokenlist, Ast.StmtlistNil )
    | _ -> let (tokenlist_stmt, stmt) = parseStmt tokenlist in 
          let (tokenlist_stmt_list, stmt_list) = parseStmtList tokenlist_stmt in
          (tokenlist_stmt_list, Ast.StmtList (stmt, stmt_lst))

然后在 parseStmt 你有:

let (tokenlist_stmtlist, stmtlist) = parseStmtList tokenlist_leftbrace in
begin
  match tokenlist_expr.head with
  | Lexer.RightBrace -> (next tokenlist_stmtlist, Ast.Block(stmtlist))

现在删除 Ast.stmtlist 后,您需要更改的只是您实际使用其构造函数的部分,并将这些部分替换为列表构造函数(::[])。所以 parseStmt 中的代码将保持完全不变, parseStmtList 中唯一的变化应该是替换行

| Lexer.RightBrace -> (tokenlist, Ast.StmtlistNil )

| Lexer.RightBrace -> (tokenlist, [] )

和行

(tokenlist_stmt_list, Ast.StmtList (stmt, stmt_lst))

(tokenlist_stmt_list, stmt :: stmt_lst)

如果您的旧代码看起来与我上面提出的不同,您可能需要更改不同的行,但想法保持不变:将 Ast.StmtList 替换为 ::Ast.StmtListNil[].

就是这样。这就是所有必要的改变。你太复杂了。